Trajectory of the body weight after drug discontinuation in the treatment of anti-obesity medications
Open accessAbstract
Globally, obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, imposing detrimental impacts on human health. The purpose of our study was to explore the long-term effects of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) on body weight and to draw the trajectory of weight change after discontinuation of AOMs. PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from the inception to March 2024. Randomized controlled trials of AOMs conducted in population for at least 4 weeks and followed for 4 or more weeks after discontinuation were included. Weight change during treatment and after drug discontinuation was also reported. Random-effect model and meta-regression analysis were accordingly used. At week 4 after discontinuation, compared with the control group, AOM treatment still had weight loss effect (WMD = − 0.32 kg, 95% CI − 3.60–2.97, P = 0.85, I 2 = 83%). At 8 weeks after drug discontinuation, AOMs were associated with significant weight regain compared with the control group (WMD = 1.50 kg, 95% CI 1.32–1.68, P < 0.0001, I 2 = 0.0%). The weight regain trend remained at 12 and 20 weeks (WMD = 1.76 kg, 95% CI 1.29–2.24, P < 0.0001, I 2 = 72.0%; WMD = 2.50 kg, 95% CI 2.27–2.73, P < 0.0001, I 2 = 0.0%). Among the different subgroups of AOMs, significant weight regain after 12 weeks of drug discontinuation was observed only in studies with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) related drugs. In addition, studies in which weight loss was greater during treatment than in the control group and studies in which lifestyle interventions were continued observed significant weight gain after drug discontinuation. Significant weight regain occurred 8 weeks after discontinuation of AOMs and was sustained through 20 weeks. Different weight regain was observed in subjects with different characteristics. Studies with longer follow-up duration are required to further investigate the potential factors associated with weight change after discontinuation of treatment.
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Previous meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated weight regain following discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists or other anti-obesity medications.
“Previous meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated the phenomenon of weight regain following the discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists or other anti-obesity medications.”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
Wu et al. found marked weight regain began as early as 8 weeks and plateaued after 20-26 weeks after withdrawal of anti-obesity medications.
“Similarly, Wu et al. delineated the short-term trajectory of body weight after withdrawal of various anti-obesity medications, identifying a marked weight regain that began as early as 8 weeks and plateaued after 20–26 weeks.34”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
Two prior reviews reported weight regain after GLP-1RA cessation but neither modelled the trajectory of weight over time.
“Two reviews9,10 reported weight regain after GLP-1RA cessation but neither modelled the trajectory of weight over time.”
From Trajectory of weight regain after cessation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and nonlinear meta-regression (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Wu, H., Yang, W., Guo, T., Cai, X., & Ji, L.
- Affiliations
- Peking University People's Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Xiaoling
- Ji, Linong
- Venue
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2025-07-22
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 398-398
- ISSN
- 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12281790
- OpenAlex
- W4412535202
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2026-03-25)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Peking University
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- anti-obesity drugs, drug discontinuation, weight regain, weight change, obesity, GLP-1 receptor agonists, lifestyle intervention, long-term weight loss maintenance, weight loss trajectories, follow-up duration
- MeSH terms
- Body-Weight Trajectory, Body Weight, Humans, Obesity, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Anti-Obesity Agents
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