The smell of lung disease: a review of the current status of electronic nose technology

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Preface

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An electronic nose in the discrimination of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and COPD

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Breath Analysis in Disease Diagnosis: Methodological Considerations and Applications

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Interstitial lung disease

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Clinical use of exhaled volatile organic compounds in pulmonary diseases: a systematic review

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Estimating the attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia from randomized prevention studies*

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Breathomics in Lung Disease

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Diagnostic Performance of an Electronic Nose, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide, and Lung Function Testing in Asthma

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Prospects for Clinical Application of Electronic-Nose Technology to Early Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Culture and Sputum

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Volatile signature for the early diagnosis of lung cancer

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External validation of exhaled breath profiling using an electronic nose in the discrimination of asthma with fixed airways obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Training and Validating a Portable Electronic Nose for Lung Cancer Screening

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An electronic nose distinguishes exhaled breath of patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma from controls

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Exhaled air molecular profiling in relation to inflammatory subtype and activity in COPD

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Clinical and inflammatory phenotyping by breathomics in chronic airway diseases irrespective of the diagnostic label

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The Cost-Effectiveness of High-Risk Lung Cancer Screening and Drivers of Program Efficiency

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A breath test for malignant mesothelioma using an electronic nose

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Constructing an E-Nose Using Metal-Ion-Induced Assembly of Graphene Oxide for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer via Exhaled Breath

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Predicting steroid responsiveness in patients with asthma using exhaled breath profiling

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Sex and Smoking Status Effects on the Early Detection of Early Lung Cancer in High-Risk Smokers Using an Electronic Nose

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Exhaled breath profiles in the monitoring of loss of control and clinical recovery in asthma

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Electronic Nose Prediction of a Clinical Pneumonia Score: Biosensors and Microbes

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Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and assessment of treatment response through analyses of volatile compound patterns in exhaled breath samples

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Identification and prospective stability of electronic nose (eNose)–derived inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma

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Online breath analysis using metal oxide semiconductor sensors (electronic nose) for diagnosis of lung cancer

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Electronic Nose Technology for Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Prolonged Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: a Proof-of-Principle Study

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Detection of lung cancer with electronic nose and logistic regression analysis

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Detection of Lung Cancer and EGFR Mutation by Electronic Nose System

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A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy Using a Chemical Sensor Array and a Machine Learning Technique to Detect Lung Cancer

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Exhaled breath analysis by use of eNose technology: a novel diagnostic tool for interstitial lung disease

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Applying the electronic nose for pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 screening

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Detection of lung cancer in exhaled breath with an electronic nose using support vector machine analysis

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Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using electronic nose sensor array signals: solutions to improve the application of machine learning in respiratory research

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Electronic nose analysis of exhaled breath to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia

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The potential of a portable, point-of-care electronic nose to diagnose tuberculosis

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Breath analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose to screen for pleural mesothelioma: a cross-sectional case-control study

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Prediction of response to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer by electronic nose analysis of exhaled breath

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Using the Electronic Nose to Identify Airway Infection during COPD Exacerbations

Shafiek, H., Fiorentino, F., Merino, J. L., López-Causapé, C., Oliver, A., Segura, J., de Paúl, I., Sibila, O., Agustí, A. G. N., & Cosío, B. G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135199 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

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Combined sputum hypermethylation and eNose analysis for lung cancer diagnosis

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Diagnosing viral and bacterial respiratory infections in acute COPD exacerbations by an electronic nose: a pilot study

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Correlation of Pneumonia Score with Electronic Nose Signature: A Prospective Study

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Exhaled molecular profiles in the assessment of cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia

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Detection of obstructive sleep apnoea by an electronic nose

Greulich, T., Hattesohl, A., Grabisch, A., Koepke, J., Schmid, S., Noeske, S., Nell, C., Wencker, M., Jörres, R. A., Vogelmeier, C. F., et al. (2012) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00091712 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Understanding asthma phenotypes: the World Asthma Phenotypes (WASP) international collaboration

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Identification of airway bacterial colonization by an electronic nose in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Sibila, O., Garcia‐Bellmunt, L., Giner, J., Merino, J. L., Suárez-Cuartín, G., Torregó, A., Solanes, I., Castillo, D., Valera, J. L., Cosío, B. G., et al. (2014) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.008 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Discrimination between COPD patients with and without alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency using an electronic nose

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Multi-centre prospective study on diagnosing subtypes of lung cancer by exhaled-breath analysis

Kort, S., Tiggeloven, M., Brusse-Keizer, M. G. J., Gerritsen, J. W., Schouwink, J. H., Citgez, E., de Jongh, F. H., Samii, S., van der Maten, J., van den Bogart, M., et al. (2018) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.09.022 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Machine Learning Methods Applied to Predict Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection via Sensor Array of Electronic Nose in Intensive Care Unit

Liao, Y.-H., Wang, Z. H., Zhang, F., Abbod, M., Shih, C.-H., & Shieh, J.-S. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19081866 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Diagnostic test interpretation and referral delay in patients with interstitial lung disease

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Differentiating head and neck carcinoma from lung carcinoma with an electronic nose: a proof of concept study

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BIONOTE e-nose technology may reduce false positives in lung cancer screening programmes

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Feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose in children with asthma and cystic fibrosis

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Exhaled breath profiling for diagnosing acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Exhaled Breath Analysis Using Electronic Nose in Cystic Fibrosis and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Infections

Joensen, O., Paff, T., Haarman, E. G., Skovgaard, I. M., Jensen, P. Ø., Bjarnsholt, T., & Nielsen, K. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115584 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

An electronic nose discriminates exhaled breath of patients with untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis from controls

Dragonieri, S., Brinkman, P., Mouw, E., Zwinderman, A. H., Carratù, P., Resta, O., Sterk, P. J., & Jonkers, R. E. (2013) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Inflammatory Asthma Phenotype Discrimination Using an Electronic Nose Breath Analyzer.

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Multi-layer graphene as a selective detector for future lung cancer biosensing platforms

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Analysis of exhaled breath fingerprints and volatile organic compounds in COPD

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Detection of Airway Colonization by Aspergillus fumigatus by Use of Electronic Nose Technology in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

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Volatile compounds in health and disease

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Analysis of breath samples for lung cancer survival

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An electronic nose in the discrimination of obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnoea

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Exhaled breath condensate volatilome allows sensitive diagnosis of persistent asthma

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Improving lung cancer diagnosis by combining exhaled-breath data and clinical parameters

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Evening and morning exhaled volatile compound patterns are different in obstructive sleep apnoea assessed with electronic nose

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Exhaled Breath Profiles Before, During and After Exacerbation of COPD: A Prospective Follow-Up Study

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Electronic nose in discrimination of children with uncontrolled asthma

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Electronic Nose Breathprints Are Independent of Acute Changes in Airway Caliber in Asthma

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Comorbidity modulates non invasive ventilation-induced changes in breath print of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients

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Subphenotypes of Mild-to-Moderate COPD by Factor and Cluster Analysis of Pulmonary Function, CT Imaging and Breathomics in a Population-Based Survey

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Exploring the Ability of Electronic Nose Technology to Recognize Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) by Non-Invasive Breath Screening of Exhaled Volatile Compounds (VOC): A Pilot Study from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank

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Sensitivity and specificity of an electronic nose in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with suspected tuberculosis

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eNose breath prints as a surrogate biomarker for classifying patients with asthma by atopy

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Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and airway bacterial colonization by an electronic nose in bronchiectasis

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Qualitative analysis of biological tuberculosis samples by an electronic nose-based artificial neural network

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Exhaled breath profiling by electronic nose enabled discrimination of allergic rhinitis and extrinsic asthma

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Identification of breath-prints for the COPD detection associated with smoking and household air pollution by electronic nose

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Electronic nose analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

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Exhaled breath profiling in patients with COPD and OSA overlap syndrome: a pilot study

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Recognition of breathprints of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the Aeonose ® electronic nose

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Breathomics for Assessing the Effects of Treatment and Withdrawal With Inhaled Beclomethasone/Formoterol in Patients With COPD

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Follow up of lung transplant recipients using an electronic nose

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Validation of exhaled volatile organic compounds analysis using electronic nose as index of COPD severity

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Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Electronic-Nose Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds

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Diagnostic accuracy of breath tests for pneumoconiosis using an electronic nose

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Exhaled volatile organic compounds analysis by e-nose can detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Breathomics as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary embolism

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Volatile organic compound breath testing detects in-situ squamous cell carcinoma of bronchial and laryngeal regions and shows distinct profiles of each tumour

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Electronic Noses Applications in Beer Technology

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Volatile organic compounds of biofluids for detecting lung cancer by an electronic nose based on artificial neural network

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Human volatilome analysis using eNose to assess uncontrolled asthma in a clinical setting

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Analysis of volatile organic compounds: an innovative approach to heart failure characterization in older patients

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Cluster analysis on breath print of newly diagnosed COPD patients: effects of therapy

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eNose technology can detect and classify human pathogenic molds in vitro : a proof-of-concept study of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae

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Repeatability of exhaled breath fingerprint collected by a modern sampling system in asthmatic and healthy children

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Central Sleep Apnea in Patients with Heart Failure—How to Screen, How to Treat

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Pulmonary fibrosis: from pathogenesis to clinical decision-making

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Precision medicine advances in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Electronic nose for the detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds: Application, challenges, and perspectives

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Phenotypes, Etiotypes, and Endotypes of Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Diagnostic Performance of Electronic Noses in Cancer Diagnoses Using Exhaled Breath

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Spoilage Monitoring and Early Warning for Apples in Storage Using Gas Sensors and Chemometrics

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Pulmonary fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

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Progress and challenges of developing volatile metabolites from exhaled breath as a biomarker platform

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Exhaled breath and urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cancer diagnoses, and microbial-related VOC metabolic pathway analysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Obtaining of ZnO/Fe2O3 Thin Nanostructured Films by AACVD for Detection of ppb-Concentrations of NO2 as a Biomarker of Lung Infections

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Breath VOC analysis and machine learning approaches for disease screening: a review

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Trends in the Development of Electronic Noses Based on Carbon Nanotubes Chemiresistors for Breathomics

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The Dawn of Precision Medicine in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease

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Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: Applications in cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment efficacy

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Colorimetric Multigas Sensor Arrays and an Artificial Olfactory Platform for Volatile Organic Compounds

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Differentiating interstitial lung diseases from other respiratory diseases using electronic nose technology

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A Sparse Reconstruction Domain Transfer Method for Interference Suppression in Artificial Olfactory System

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Lung cancer detection by electronic nose analysis of exhaled breath: a multicentre prospective external validation study

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Exhaled breath analysis in interstitial lung disease

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Accuracy of the Electronic Nose Breath Tests in Clinical Application: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yang, H., Chen, W., & Tsai, R.-C. (2021) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios11110469 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

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Effect of platinum nanoparticles on the chemoresistive gas sensitive properties of the ZnO/Pt composite

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Novel diagnostic techniques in interstitial lung disease

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Diagnostic performance of volatile organic compounds analysis and electronic noses for detecting colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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The electronic nose: A critical global review of advances in analytical methods and real-world applications

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Diagnostic performance of electronic nose technology in chronic lung allograft dysfunction

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The Role of Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Screening

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Non-Invasive Detection of Tumors by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine

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A Mobile E‐Nose Prototype for Online Breath Analysis

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A Novel Label Disentangling Subspace Learning Based on Domain Adaptation for Drift E-Nose Data Classification

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Gas sensing properties of AACVD-derived ZnO/Co3O4 bilayer thin film nanocomposites

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Synthesis of Pd-decorated ZnO nanocomposites with improved gas-sensitive properties for acetone detection

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Conducting polymer PEDOTs for biomedical application

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A new paradigm of e-NOSE technology for the non-invasive and early lung cancer diagnostics

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Electronic nose in differentiating and ascertaining clinical status among patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria: A prospective multicenter study

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Artificial intelligence techniques for human-machine interaction

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Inconsistencies in predictive models based on exhaled volatile organic compounds for distinguishing between benign pulmonary nodules and lung cancer: a systematic review

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Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fibrosis for Precision Medicine

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Clinical Scores, Biomarkers and IT Tools in Lung Cancer Screening—Can an Integrated Approach Overcome Current Challenges?

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Evaluation of different classification methods using electronic nose data to diagnose sarcoidosis

van der Sar, I. G., van Jaarsveld, N., Spiekerman, I. A., Toxopeus, F. J., Langens, Q. L., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Dauwels, J., & Moor, C. C. (2023) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7163/acf1bf · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Gas-Sensing Properties of the Ti0.2V1.8CTx/V2O5 Nanocomposite

Симоненко, Е. П., Mokrushin, A. S., Nagornov, I. A., Sapronova, V. M., Gorban, Y. M., Gorobtsov, P. Y., Simonenko, T. L., Simonenko, N. P., & Кузнецов, Н. Т. (2024) · Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s0036023624600850 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Influence of Mechanical Bowel Preparation on Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Gastrointestinal Disease—A Systematic Review

Krishnamoorthy, A., Chandrapalan, S., Bosch, S., Bannaga, A., de Boer, N. K. H., de Meij, T. G. J., Leja, M., Hanna, G. B., Vietro, N. D., Altomare, D. F., et al. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23031377 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Improving E-Nose Performance: A Novel ELM-Based Dual-Level Joint Domain Adaptation Method for Sensor Drift Data

Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Li, Z., Duan, S., & Jia, Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3540144 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The potential of electronic nose technology in lung transplantation: a proof of principle

Wijbenga, N., Hoek, R. A. S., Mathot, B. J., Seghers, L., Aerts, J. G. J. V., Manintveld, O. C., & Hellemons, M. E. (2022) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00048-2022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Emerging Electronic Nose Design for Breath-Based Cancer Diagnostics: Advances in Machine Learning Approaches and Sensor Architecture Design

Rairán, F. S. G., Baharfar, M., Wang, Q., Qian, J., & Tricoli, A. (2026) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c00796 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Detection of Systemic Sclerosis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Exhaled Breath Analysis Using Electronic Nose Technology

Marges, E. R., van der Sar, I. G., Vries-Bouwstra, J. K. D., Huizinga, T. W. J., van Daele, P. L. A., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Moor, C. C., & Geelhoed, J. J. M. (2024) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202402-0272le · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Recapitulating COVID-19 detection methods: RT-PCR, sniffer dogs and electronic nose

Grizzi, F., Bax, C., Farina, F. M., Tidu, L., Hegazi, M. A. A. A., Chiriva‐Internati, M., Capelli, L., Robbiani, S., Dellacà, R. L., & Taverna, G. (2024) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116430 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

5G Tiny-ML AI-Based IoT e-Nose System for Hazardous Odor Detection and Classification

Fayos-Jordán, R., Alselek, M., Khadmaoui-Bichouna, M., Segura-García, J., Calero, J. M. A., & Wang, Q. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2025.3567576 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Development of an E-Nose System for the Early Diagnosis of Sepsis During Mechanical Ventilation: A Porcine Feasibility Study

Robbiani, S., Nijenhuis, L. H. T., Specht, P. A. C., Zanni, E., Bax, C., Mik, E. G., Harms, F. A., van Weteringen, W., Capelli, L., & Dellacà, R. L. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25113343 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Physiology and Biomarkers for Surveillance of Occupational Lung Disease

Yates, D. H. (2023) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1766119 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Influence of the Composition of the MF–HCl (M = Li+, Na+, $${\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }$$) Etching System on the Gas-Sensing Properties of Ti3C2Tx/TiOx Nanocomposites

Симоненко, Е. П., Mokrushin, A. S., Nagornov, I. A., Sapronova, V. M., Gorban, Y. M., Gorobtsov, P. Y., Simonenko, T. L., Simonenko, N. P., & Кузнецов, Н. Т. (2024) · Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s0036023624600837 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Volatile organic compounds in exhaled human breath for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma: a meta-analysis

Zhao, T., Hu, X., Peng, M., Wei, W., Fu, N., Chen, C., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1537767 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

International validation of electronic nose technology as a diagnostic tool for fibrotic interstitial lung diseases

Formsma, B. J., van der Sar, I. G., Yazbeck, L., Kreuter, M., Cottin, V., Polke, M., Corte, T. J., Tran, M., Molyneaux, P. L., Moor, C. C., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1093/ajrccm/aamaf085 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Accuracy calibration transfer between multi-sensor systems based on metal-oxide gas sensors used for analysis of exhaled air

Kononov, A., Ganeev, A. A., Jahatspanian, I. E., Chuchina, V., Gubal, A. R., Kravtsov, D., Jin, H., & Vasiliev, A. A. (2023) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101188 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Application of breathomics in pediatric asthma: a review

Chi, L., Wang, X., Shan, Y., Zhu, C., Leng, L., Chen, R., Xie, Q., Cui, Z.-Z., & Yang, M. (2024) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d3sd00286a · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Examination of unique volatile organic compound signatures in nasopharyngeal test swab viral transport media using an electronic nose

Swanson, B. A., Bishop‐Royse, J., Keshavarzian, A., BALK, R. A., Bhushan, A., Moy, J. N., LANDAY, A. L., Julion, W. A., Mehta, J., Arrieta, M., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0332399 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis of Allergic Airway Diseases

Gulati, N., Nagar, L., Dua, K., & Dureja, H. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1953-2_5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Gas sensing properties of Ti0.2V1.8CTx/V2O5 nanocomposite

Симоненко, Е. П., Mokrushin, A. S., Nagornov, I. A., Sapronova, V. M., Gorban, Y. M., Gorobtsov, P. Y., Simonenko, T. L., Simonenko, N. P., & Кузнецов, Н. Т. (2024) · Журнал неорганической химии · doi:10.31857/s0044457x24040185 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Detection of Bacterial Colonization in Lung Transplant Recipients Using an Electronic Nose

Wijbenga, N., de Jong, N. L. A., Hoek, R. A. S., Mathot, B. J., Seghers, L., Aerts, J. G. J. V., Bos, D., Manintveld, O. C., & Hellemons, M. E. (2023) · Transplantation Direct · doi:10.1097/txd.0000000000001533 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Moving past multidisciplinary discussions and Gender–Age–Physiology model: precision medicine through biological phenotyping in interstitial lung disease

Maddali, M. V., Oldham, J. M., & Moor, C. C. (2025) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000001199 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A study on derivation of meteorological data regression equation for prediction of livestock derived NH3

Yoon, S., Yang, H., & Kim, B. (2026) · Journal of Animal Environmental Science · doi:10.11109/jaes.2026.28.1.028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The evolution of scientific knowledge in childhood asthma over time

Ferrante, G., Tenero, L., Zaffanello, M., Piazza, M., & PIACENTINI, G. L. (2026) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0256-2025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Adaptive E-Nose: Integrating New Gas Sensors for Emerging Applications

Gyeltshen, N., Sanchis, A. G., Jagannath, N., Radaliyagoda, S., Tobgay, S., Hossain, M. F., & Munasinghe, K. S. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26134049 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Diagnostic accuracy of eNose ‘breathprints’ for therapeutic drug monitoring of Tacrolimus trough levels in lung transplantation

Wijbenga, N., Muller, M., Hoek, R. A. S., Mathot, B. J., Seghers, L., Aerts, J. G. J. V., de Winter, B. C. M., Bos, D., Manintveld, O. C., & Hellemons, M. E. (2023) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7163/acf066 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Early Screening and Subtype Identification of High-Risk Lung Nodules via Breathprint by Graphene eNose Platform: A Large Cohort Study

Zhu, X., Chen, Q., Sun, J., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., Xu, J., Hu, H., He, Y., Zhao, C., Ye, X., et al. (2025) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.5c00314 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Portable Multichannel Frequency Acquisition System for Resonant Gas Sensor Arrays

Yu, H., Zheng, Z., Wang, X., Kong, X., & Sun, Z. (2022) · Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC) · doi:10.1109/yac57282.2022.10023643

Volatomics in healthcare: technical basis and clinical application

Silantyev, A., Tuter, D. S., Aa, B., Kardonsky, D. A., Betelin, V. B., Chomakhidze, P. S., & Kopylov, P. (2023) · Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine · doi:10.18705/2782-3806-2023-3-1-98-108

A Study on Derivation of Meteorological Data Regression Equation for Prediction of Livestock Derived AmmoniaPreprint

Yoon, S.-U., Yang, H., & Kim, B. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4529413

Prospects of Natural Polymers based Nano-drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Pulmonary Disorders

Singh, D., Singh, A., Singh, V. P., Rathod, S. S. S., Virendra, S. A., Chawla, P. A., & Chawla, V. (2024) · Current Nanoscience · doi:10.2174/0115734137301850240904223605

Effect Of The Composition Of The Etching System MF-HCl (M = Li+, Na+, NH4+) on the gas-sensitive properties of Ti3C2Tх/Tioх nanocomposites

Симоненко, Е. П., Mokrushin, A. S., Nagornov, I. A., Sapronova, V. M., Gorban, Y. M., Gorobtsov, P. Y., Simonenko, T. L., Simonenko, N. P., & Кузнецов, Н. Т. (2024) · Журнал неорганической химии · doi:10.31857/s0044457x24040164

Exhaled breath analysis with the use of an electronic nose to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic melanoma: melaNose trial

van Dijk, B., Schoenaker, I. J. H., van der Veldt, A. A. M., & de Groot, J. W. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1564463

Editorial: Breath Profiling in MASLD —A Step Towards Better Risk Stratification

Kimura, T. (2025) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70185

Identification of ignitable liquids across E-noses

Song, T.-S., Li, H., Wang, D.-X., Chen, Z.-P., Hou, H.-R., & Meng, Q. (2025) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ade278

Drug-Producing Chemicals Detection Instrument Based on Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Array

Meng, F., Li, H., & Yuan, Z. (2025) · IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine · doi:10.1109/mim.2025.11224696

Additional file 3 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26718777

Additional file 4 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26718780

Additional file 2 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25801111

Additional file 1 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25801025

Additional file 6 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26718786

Additional file 5 of Cross-site validation of lung cancer diagnosis by electronic nose with deep learning: a multicenter prospective study

Lee, M.-R., Kao, M.-H., Hsieh, Y.-C., Sun, M., Tang, K.-T., Wang, J.-Y., Ho, C.-C., Shih, J.-Y., & Yu, C.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26718783

Additional file 1 of Differentiating interstitial lung diseases from other respiratory diseases using electronic nose technology

van der Sar, I. G., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Braunstahl, G.-J., Loekabino, J. O., Dingemans, A. C., In ‘t Veen, J. C. C. M., & Moor, C. C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26636337

Lung cancer diagnosis based on the analysis of volatile markers in exhaled breath

Родионов, Е. О., Владиславович, П. Д., Obkhodskiy, А. V., Обходская, Е. В., Miller, S. V., Кульбакин, Д. Е., Vi, S., Popov, A. S., Лаконкин, В. С., & Chernov, V. I. (2026) · Bulletin of Siberian Medicine · doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2025-4-87-94

ERJ advances: home monitoring in interstitial lung disease

Khor, Y. H., & Wijsenbeek, M. S. (2026) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02327-2025

Medical Electronic Nose System for Rapid Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infection

Min, J., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Li, P., Liang, W., Gao, L., & Li, W. (2026) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2026.3683390

The Scent of Health: Role of Semiconductor Nanocomposites‐Based Gas Sensor Toward Next‐Generation Breathomics

Das, S., & Pal, M. (2026) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.70989

e-nose: An Olfactory Miracle of Artificial Intelligence—A Mini-Review

Mathur, A. S., Mehta, V., Negi, S., Tripathy, S., Joshi, P., Fiorillo, L., & Meto, A. (2026) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14373-0_10

Complementary Breath Profiling Using eNose and Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for Noninvasive Triage of Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules

Afridi, W. A., Härtel, G., Zhang, X., Pass, D., Fielding, D. I., & Punyadeera, C. (2026) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.71012

Exhaled Breath Analysis for Lung Cancer Detection: From VOCs Signatures to EBC ‐Based Liquid Biopsy and Clinical Translation

Sun, P., Fu, Z., Wang, S., Li, Y., & Qiu, M. (2026) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.70404

Research progress of electronic nose technology in exhaled breath disease analysis

Li, Y., Wei, X., Zhou, Y., Wang, J., & You, R. (2023) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-023-00594-0 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Additional file 2 of The smell of lung disease: a review of the current status of electronic nose technology

van der Sar, I. G., Wijbenga, N., Nakshbandi, G., Aerts, J. G. J. V., Manintveld, O. C., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Hellemons, M. E., & Moor, C. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16639953

Electronic Nose Technology in Respiratory Diseases

Dragonieri, S., Pennazza, G., Carratù, P., & Resta, O. (2017) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-017-9987-3 · Cited by 179 · see citing works

Recent progress in the design and clinical development of electronic-nose technologies

Wilson, A. D. (2016) · Nanobiosensors in Disease Diagnosis · doi:10.2147/ndd.s66278 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose in airways disease. Established issues and key questions

Fens, N., van der Schee, M. P., Brinkman, P., & Sterk, P. J. (2012) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12052 · Cited by 145 · see citing works