Biosurfactant from vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 as a promising agent to interfere with Candida adhesion
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common genital infection, caused by the overgrowth of opportunistic Candida spp. including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Azole antifungal drugs are not always efficient in resolving VVC and preventing recurrent infections, thus alternative anti-Candida agents based on vaginal probiotics have gained more importance. The present work aims to chemically characterize the biosurfactant (BS) isolated from a vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus strain, L. crispatus BC1, and to investigate its safety and antiadhesive/antimicrobial activity against Candida spp., employing in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS: BS isolated from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 was characterised as non-homogeneous lipopeptide molecules with a critical micellar concentration value of 2 mg/mL, and good emulsification and mucoadhesive properties. At 1.25 mg/mL, the BS was not cytotoxic and reduced Candida strains' ability to adhere to human cervical epithelial cells, mainly by exclusion mechanism. Moreover, intravaginal (i.va.) inoculation of BS in a murine experimental model was safe and did not perturb vaginal cytology, histology and cultivable vaginal microbiota. In the case of i.va. challenge of mice with C. albicans, BS was able to reduce leukocyte influx. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that BS from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 is able to interfere with Candida adhesion in vitro and in vivo, and suggest its potential as a preventive agent to reduce mucosal damage occasioned by Candida during VVC.
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Previous studies reported that postbiotics could reduce the adhesion of C. albicans on vaginal epithelial cells by Lactobacillus CFSs, and biosurfactants.
“Previous studies reported that postbiotics could reduce the adhesion of C. albicans on vaginal epithelial cells by Lactobacillus CFSs, and biosurfactants.13,14,17,18”
From Aggregation and adhesion ability of various probiotic strains and Candida species: An in vitro study (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results (Anti-adhesive activity of BS against Candida spp.; page unavailable) report that a biosurfactant from L. crispatus BC1 reduced C. albicans adhesion to HeLa cervical epithelial cells. The paper does not establish the claim about Lactobacillus cell-free supernatants, and the tested cells were cervical rather than vaginal epithelial cells. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“18,38,39 In this study, Lactobacillus neutral-CFSs as postbiotics showed more antagonistic effects on Candida adherence than live probiotics.”
BackgroundMaleki-Hajiagha, A., Karimi, R., abbasi, S., Emami, N., & Amidi, F. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07338-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- De Gregorio, P. R., Parolin, C., Abruzzo, A., Luppi, B., Protti, M., Mercolini, L., Silva, J. A., Giordani, B., Marangoni, A., Nader-Macías, M. E. F., & Vitali, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Parolin, Carola
- ORCID
- Venue
- Microbial Cell Factories
- Published
- 2020-06-18
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-133
- ISSN
- 1475-2859 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7302142
- OpenAlex
- W3036398975
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 8.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Microbial Cell Factories (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2017-4324, PICT 2018-00670)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Keywords
- biosurfactants, Lactobacillus crispatus, vaginal microbiota, Candida adhesion, vaginal candidiasis, Candida albicans, lipopeptides, antimicrobial activity, vaginal probiotics, critical micelle concentration, mucoadhesion, emulsification, vaginal administration, leukocyte influx
- MeSH terms
- Lactobacillus crispatus, Animals, Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal, Female, HeLa Cells, Humans, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Surface-Active Agents, Vagina, Mice, Microbiota
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