Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises
Open accessAbstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe. Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Medical management is often associated with the development of treatment resistance leading to relapse. Immunotherapy is profoundly altering the approach to cancer treatment owing to its tolerable safety profile, sustained therapeutic response due to immunological memory generation, and effectiveness across a broad patient population. Different tumor-specific vaccination strategies are gaining ground in the treatment of lung cancer. Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy (CAR T, TCR, TIL), the associated clinical trials on lung cancer, and associated hurdles are discussed in this review. Recent trials on lung cancer patients (without a targetable oncogenic driver alteration) reveal significant and sustained responses when treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that a loss of effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with lung tumor evolution. Therapeutic cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve better therapeutic effects. To this end, the present article encompasses a detailed overview of the recent developments in the immunotherapeutic landscape in targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the review also explores the implication of nanomedicine in lung cancer immunotherapy as well as the combinatorial application of traditional therapy along with immunotherapy regimens. Finally, ongoing clinical trials, significant obstacles, and the future outlook of this treatment strategy are also highlighted to boost further research in the field.
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- Authors
- Lahiri, A., Maji, A., Potdar, P. D., Singh, N., Parikh, P., Bisht, B., Mukherjee, A., & Paul, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IN)
- Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital (IN)
- Jaslok Hospital (IN)
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Tata Memorial Hospital (IN)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mukherjee, Anubhab
- Paul, Manash K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Cancer
- Published
- 2023-02-21
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-40
- ISSN
- 1476-4598 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9942077
- OpenAlex
- W4321457619
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 234 · 2025: 421 · 2024: 373 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 34.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lung Cancer Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- lung cancer immunotherapy, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, adoptive immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, T cell receptor engineering, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, nanomedicine, combination therapy, treatment resistance, tumor evolution
- MeSH terms
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Immunotherapy, Lung Neoplasms, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, B7-H1 Antigen
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