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Medicinal plant-derived mtDNA via nanovesicles induces the cGAS-STING pathway to remold tumor-associated macrophages for tumor regression
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Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been proposed as a major mechanism for the inter-kingdom interaction and communication, but the effector components enclosed in the vesicles and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The plant Artemisia annua is known as an anti-malaria agent that also exhibits a wide range of biological activities including the immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties with the mechanisms to be further addressed. Here, we isolated and purified the exosome-like particles from A. annua , which were characterized by nano-scaled and membrane-bound shape and hence termed artemisia-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs). Remarkably, the vesicles demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth and boost anti-tumor immunity in a mouse model of lung cancer, primarily through remolding the tumor microenvironment and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified plant-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), upon internalized into TAMs via the vesicles, as a major effector molecule to induce the cGAS-STING pathway driving the shift of pro-tumor macrophages to anti-tumor phenotype. Furthermore, our data showed that administration of ADNVs greatly improved the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitor, a prototypic immune checkpoint inhibitor, in tumor-bearing mice. Together, the present study, for the first time, to our knowledge, unravels an inter-kingdom interaction wherein the medical plant-derived mtDNA, via the nanovesicles, induces the immunostimulatory signaling in mammalian immune cells for resetting anti-tumor immunity and promoting tumor eradication. Graphical Abstract
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“In lung cancer models, this mechanism not only suppresses tumor growth but also significantly enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors [84].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
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“Additionally, studies have shown that plant-derived nanovesicles can transfer mitochondrial DNA to tumor-associated macrophages, activating the cGAS-STING pathway. This reprograms macrophages and boosts anti-tumor immune responses.”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
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An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity
Pan, B.-S., Perera, S. A., Piesvaux, J. A., Presland, J. P., Schroeder, G. K., Cumming, J. N., Trotter, B. W., Altman, M. D., Buevich, A. V., Cash, B., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba6098 · Cited by 694
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“phenotype Since the properties of tumor microenvironment (TME), immune-tolerant (“cold”) or immunogenic (“hot”) [28], have a determinative role in cancer initiation Fig.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges
Li, J., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02215-4 · Cited by 297
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, J., Xiang, J., Jin, C., Ye, L., Wang, L., Gao, Y., Lv, N., Zhang, J., You, F., Qiao, H., & Shi, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Nanobiotechnology
- Published
- 2023-03-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1477-3155
- PMC
- PMC9990354
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200677, 81991523)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1705900)
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