The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adenocarcinoma arising in sigmoid colon neovagina 53 years after construction.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In view of the rarity of vaginal agenesis, malignancy arising in the neovagina is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report a 76-year-old female with an adenocarcinoma arising in the sigmoid colon neovagina which was constructed 53 years ago for congenital vaginal agenesis. Vaginal endoscopy to examine vaginal bleeding revealed a protruding lesion occupying three quarters of the lumen in the vicinity of anastomosis of the residual vagina and sigmoid colon. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed the muscularis propria layer (hypoechoic fourth layer) to be interrupted. CT revealed no distant metastasis. Total pelvic exenteration was performed based on the diagnosis of neovaginal cancer at the anastomosis site. The 45-mm tumor showed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with a mucinous adenocarcinoma component. Immunohistochemistry showed no p16-overexpressing tumor cells, suggesting the lack of human papilloma virus infection. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, clinicians should be aware of cancer that arises in the ectopic intestine when anastomosed with other organs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
If the vaginoplasty used an intestinal graft, a risk exists for bowel-related disease.
“If the vaginoplasty used an intestinal graft, a risk also exists for bowel-related disease (e.g., adenocarcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease, diversion colitis, and polyps) (360–362).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [360]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours
Hermanek, P., & Sobin, L. H. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82982-6 · Cited by 16,074
Inflammation-induced cancer: Crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms
Elinav, E., Nowarski, R., Thaiss, C. A., Hu, B., Jin, C., & Flavell, R. A. (2013) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3611 · Cited by 2,000 · cited 1×
“Chronic inflammatory processes in the colon including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are also associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer [23].”
BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Larsson, S. C., Orsini, N., & Wolk, A. (2005) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/dji375 · Cited by 1,038
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 728: Müllerian Agenesis: Diagnosis, Management, And Treatment
(2017) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002458 · Cited by 239
Serrano, B., de Sanjosé, S., Tous, S., Quirós, B., Muñóz, N., Bosch, X. F., & Alemany, L. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.001 · Cited by 237
A population-based study of the incidence of müllerian aplasia in Finland
Aittomäki, K., Eroila, H., & Kajanoja, P. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01963-x · Cited by 154 · cited 1×
“Neovaginal construction/reconstruction is indicated for cases of congenital vaginal agenesis which is an uncommon genital tract anomaly that is reported to occur in 1 per 4000–5000 newborn females [1, 2], as well as genetic sexual ambiguity, vaginal loss resulting from gynecologic cancer, or post-traumatic injury and…”
BackgroundMayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: a review
Londra, L., Chuong, F. S., & Kolp, L. A. (2015) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s75637 · Cited by 118
Committee Opinion No. 355: Vaginal Agenesis: Diagnosis, Management, and Routine Care
(2006) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-200612000-00059 · Cited by 96
Hoffmeister, M., Schmitz, S., Karmrodt, E., Stegmaier, C., Haug, U., Arndt, V., & Brenner, H. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.07.004 · Cited by 89
Kälble, T., Tricker, A. R., Friedl, P., Waldherr, R., Hoang, J., Staehler, G., & Möhring, K. (1990) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39670-2 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“5-fold increased risk of colon carcinoma compared to the general population [24].”
BackgroundHiroi, H., Yasugi, T., Matsumoto, K., Fujii, T., Watanabe, T., Yoshikawa, H., & Taketani, Y. (2001) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.1067 · Cited by 79 · cited 1×
“[11] performed total resection of the neovagina and bilateral salpingooophorectomy.”
BackgroundVaginal reconstruction: An algorithm approach to defect classification and flap reconstruction
Pusic, A. L., & Mehrara, B. J. (2006) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.20489 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“Multiple vaginal reconstructive techniques have been reported, including bowel flaps, skin grafts, peritoneal grafts, and musculofasciocutaneous flaps [5].”
BackgroundDaraï, É. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg443 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“Moreover, its thicker mucosa is less vulnerable to trauma induced by coitus [6, 7].”
BackgroundSchober, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Urology · doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.07.010 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“summarized the 30 cases of neovaginal carcinoma reported worldwide; of these, eight were adenocarcinomas arising from the intestinal grafts, and 17 were squamous cell carcinoma arising from the skin and the skin graft [18].”
BackgroundCarcinogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Herszényi, L., Miheller, P., & Tulassay, Z. (2007) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000103898 · Cited by 67
LAPAROSCOPIC VAGINAL RECONSTRUCTION USING A SIGMOID COLON SEGMENT: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Urbanowicz, W., Starzyk, J., & Sulisławski, J. (2004) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000111342.92168.42 · Cited by 51 · cited 1×
“Moreover, its thicker mucosa is less vulnerable to trauma induced by coitus [6, 7].”
BackgroundHacker, N. F., Eifel, P. J., & van der Velden, J. (2012) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60022-8 · Cited by 49
Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Colorectal Polyp Detection in the Screening Setting
Hassan, C., Pickhardt, P. J., Marmo, R., & Choi, J.-Y. (2010) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181e10daa · Cited by 48
Bowel vaginoplasty in children: A retrospective review
O’Connor, J. L., DeMarco, R. T., POPE, J. C. I., Adams, M. C., & Brock, J. W. I. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.04.003 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“Neovaginal construction/reconstruction is indicated for cases of congenital vaginal agenesis which is an uncommon genital tract anomaly that is reported to occur in 1 per 4000–5000 newborn females [1, 2], as well as genetic sexual ambiguity, vaginal loss resulting from gynecologic cancer, or post-traumatic injury and…”
BackgroundHacker, N. F., Eifel, P. J., & van der Velden, J. (2015) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.003 · Cited by 38
Kita, Y., Mori, S., Baba, K., Uchikado, Y., Arigami, T., Idesako, T., Okumura, H., Ishigami, S., Nakagawa, M., & Natsugoe, S. (2015) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/s12957-015-0636-0 · Cited by 29 · cited 1×
“[14] initially planned to remove only the neovagina, but switched to posterior pelvic exenteration due to substantial adhesion of the neovagina to the rectum and bladder.”
Adenocarcinoma in a sigmoid neovagina 22 years after Wertheim-Meigs operation. Case report.
Uršič-Vrščaj, M., Lindtner, J., Lamovec, J., & Novák, J. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Andryjowicz, E., Qizilbash, A. H., DePetrillo, A. D., O'Connell, G. J., & Taylor, M. H. (1985) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/0090-8258(85)90258-6 · Cited by 22
Jf, D., & De Grandi, P. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Metachronous colorectal malignancies: “don't forget the neo vagina” A case report
van der Velden, A. P. S., de Hingh, I. H. J. T., Schijf, C. P. T., Bonenkamp, H. J., & Wobbes, T. (2005) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.12.025 · Cited by 20
Bogliolo, S., Gaggero, C. R., Nadalini, C., Iacobone, A. D., Musacchi, V., Cassani, C., & Carus, A. P. (2014) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/01443615.2014.987112 · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“[13] performed subtotal vaginectomy and total radical hysterectomy with left salpingo-ovariectomy.”
Adenocarcinoma of a neovagina constructed according to the Baldwin-Mori technique.
Borruto, F., & Ferraro, F. J. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Ivil, K. D., Jenkins, S. A., Doak, S. H., Hawizy, A., Kynaston, H., Parry, E. M., Jenkins, G. J. S., Parry, J. M., & Stephenson, T. P. (2007) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.1121 · Cited by 12 · cited 1×
“Moreover, p53 mutations, which are indicative of genetic instability, are known to occur at the ileovesical anastomosis site in patients who have undergone clam ileocystoplasty, which results in neoplasia after ureterosigmoidostomy at uroenteric anastomosis sites [25].”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 · Cited by 3,018
Sterling, J., & Garcia, M. M. (2020) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau-20-954 · Cited by 117
“There have been 7 reported cases of neovagina adenocarcinoma following colon transplantation and 1 case with a small intestine transplant; none of these cases were in transgender individuals (72,73).”
Skerritt, C., Dajusta, D. G., Fuchs, M., Pohl, H. G., Gomez‐Lobo, V., & Hewitt, G. D. (2020) · Seminars in Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150987 · Cited by 25
Laparoscopic Intestinal Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women
van der Sluis, W. B., Tuynman, J. B., Meijerink, W. J. H. J., & Bouman, M. (2019) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2019.07.007 · Cited by 24
Sterpetti, A. V., & Sapienza, P. (2019) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2019.05.012 · Cited by 18
“(2018) [62] 73 Agenesy/53 Sigmoid Resection 2 months.”
Alaniz, V., Wilcox, D. T., Arnold, M., Bodmer, J. L., Torre, L. D. L., Peña, A., & Bischoff, A. (2021) · Pediatric Surgery International · doi:10.1007/s00383-020-04838-2 · Cited by 14
“[25] MRKH Sigmoid 23 76 Vaginal bleeding Well differentiated AC”
BackgroundRefinement of recto-sigmoid colon vaginoplasty using a three-dimensional laparoscopic technique
Kim, J.-K., Na, W., Cho, J., Ahn, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Song, I.-G., Han, E. C., Lee, D. W., Park, B. K., Park, Y., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027042 · Cited by 12
Lee, D. W. G., Butler, G. E., Carmichael, P., Rashid, T. G., Yasmin, E., Morley, R., Barrett, J. R., Christopher, N. A., & Sangster, P. (2022) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2022.11.002 · Cited by 12
Dawson-Gore, C. C., Evans, L. L., Vincent, S. A., Colbert, M.-T. C., Harnke, B., Moyer, A. M., Alaniz, V., Torre, L. D. L., & Bischoff, A. (2025) · Pediatric Surgery International · doi:10.1007/s00383-025-06081-z · Cited by 8
Gender-Affirming Care for Older Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults
Radix, A. E., Schechter, L. S., Harris, A. B., & Goldstein, Z. G. (2023) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2023.12.002 · Cited by 7
Christophe, M., Heinemann, M., Piana, J. T., Lelong, B., Houvenaeghel, G. F., & Lambaudie, É. (2021) · Gynecologic Oncology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.gore.2021.100712 · Cited by 7
“The type of cancer seems to be related to the type of tissue used in the reconstruction (Schober, 2007; Yamada et al., 2018; Hiroi et al., 2001).”
BackgroundFedele, F., Bulfoni, A., Parazzini, F., & Busnelli, A. (2023) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-023-07086-6 · Cited by 6
“More precisely, in ten cases the sigmoid tissue was used [16, 27, 34–37, 39, 42–44], in three cases the ileum tissue [6, 20, 22], and in 1 case the rectal tissue [9].”
Fernández-Ruiz, M., Pantoja‐Garrido, M., Sánchez, Z. F., Rodríguez-Jiménez, I., & Martín, M. V. A. (2019) · Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.18597/rcog.3328 · Cited by 5
Hodan, R., Rodgers, L., Chittenden, A. B., Dominguez–Valentin, M., Ferriss, J. S., Gima, L., Hamnvik, O. R., Idos, G., Kline, K., Koeller, D. R., et al. (2023) · Familial Cancer · doi:10.1007/s10689-023-00341-4 · Cited by 5
Sun, X., Miao, X.-X., Li, B.-X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.912236 · Cited by 4
“, 2018 (16) MRKH Sigmoid 23/76 Vaginal bleeding Residual vaginal and sigmoid anastomotic lesions (Age 45)Uterine myoma underwent hysterectomy AC Operation”
BackgroundFeasibility and Outcomes After Robot-Assisted Sigmoid Vaginoplasty for Gender Dysphoria
Sljivich, M., Torres, C., Chen, D., Yatsenko, T., Wiklund, P. N., Djordjević, M. L., & Purohit, R. S. (2025) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2025.06.003 · Cited by 2
Cancer Screening for Transgender Individuals
Sterling, J., Carbonella, J., Jones, T., Hanchuk, S., Kelly, P., & Garcia, M. M. (2023) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2023.06.014 · Cited by 2
Intravaginal Mesalamine Administration: A Novel Technique for Neovaginal Colitis
Lupo, A. M., Lawson, A. A., Rentea, R. M., Kapalu, C. L., & Rosen, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2023.08.006 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of Post-Menopausal Bleeding in Two Patients with Sigmoid Neovaginoplasty
Song, J. Y., & Patel, Y. (2023) · CRSLS Journal of the Society of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeons · doi:10.4293/crsls.2022.00068 · Cited by 1
Postoperative Care from the Primary Care Perspective
Radix, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29093-1_22
Care of Transgender Patients: Oncological Concerns
Scott, K. A., Bratslavsky, G., & Ferry, E. K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18533-6_14
Gender-Affirming Surgery: Perioperative Care for the Primary Care Clinician
Radix, A., & Shin, S. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94632-6_15
Weimer, A. K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69997-9_3
Wan, D., Dong, W., Yang, L., Tang, L., Jiang, X., Yang, S., Chen, Z., & Liu, T. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6769599/v1
Overview of Feminizing Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery
McCracken, M., & Mishra, K. (2026) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2026.01.002
Primary sigmoid vaginoplasty in gender affirmation surgery: technique and outcomes
Arjun, N., Nataraj, Y. S., Anne, D., Shetty, B., & Nagaraj, H. K. (2026) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/sexmed/qfag007
“However, due to short follow-up, we didn’t have long term complications related to dilation, diversion colitis, cancer [35].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Yamada, K., Shida, D., Kato, T., Yoshida, H., Yoshinaga, S., & Kanemitsu, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Center Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yamada, Kazunosuke
- ORCID
- Venue
- World Journal of Surgical Oncology
- Published
- 2018-04-27
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-88
- ISSN
- 1477-7819 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5924482
- OpenAlex
- W2799724655
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- World Journal of Surgical Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas
- Keywords
- neovagina, sigmoid colon, vaginal agenesis, adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, anastomotic site, total pelvic exenteration, vaginal bleeding, transvaginal ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, p16, human papillomavirus
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Prognosis, Colon, Sigmoid, Vagina, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Surgically-Created Structures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
