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The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: With technological developments and modernised sedentary lifestyles has come an increase in diseases associated with inactivity such as obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that time spent sedentary may also interact with mental health. This systematic review examined the associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health problems among adolescents. METHODS: This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and applied a quality assessment tool for quantitative studies to identity best available evidence. Following stringent search strategy of the databases; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Health Source: Nursing and Academic Edition, MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES and PsycINFO, we identified 32 articles eligible for review. RESULTS: All studies reported leisure screen time among adolescents, and two thirds of identified studies examined depressive symptomatology. Other mental health measures were; anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, suicide ideation, loneliness, stress, and psychological distress. Strong consistent evidence was found for the relationship between both depressive symptomatology and psychological distress, and time spent using screens for leisure. Moderate evidence supported the relationship between low self-esteem and screen use. Poorer mental health status was found among adolescents using screen time more than 2-3 h per day, and gender differences exist. Essential information was missing for quality of evidence including heterogeneity in mental health and screen time-based measures, and self-report data collection methods. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are of particular significance given the global public health concern of lifestyle-attributed diseases and the possibility for novel approaches to mental health. Future research should examine the psychological impact of reducing time spent using screens for leisure among adolescents, whilst accounting for possible confounding factors such as physical activity and dietary behaviours. It is critical that the reciprocal relationship between lifestyle behaviours and mental health is represented in both the psychiatric and public health forum.
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“More screen time has been associated with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in several systematic reviews [11, 12, 43–50].”
From Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“The results of the current review largely align with past systematic reviews, which have concluded that there is a positive association between screen time and depressive symptoms (Hoare et al., 2016;Liu et al., 2016;Stiglic & Viner, 2019;Wang et al., 2019), and a weak association between screen time and both anxiety and self-esteem (Stiglic & Viner, 2019).”
From The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies (2021) · cites this paper as Hoare et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Hoare et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“However, the accumulation of as little as 2 h of screen-time per day can be associated with depressive or anxiety (emotional) disorder symptoms in youth (Kremer et al., 2014; Hoare et al., 2016; Katon et al., 2010)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Hoare et al., 2016
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Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
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The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
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Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
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Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y · Cited by 4,980
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Biddle, S. J. H., & Asare, M. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185 · Cited by 2,447
Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085
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Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851 · Cited by 1,909
Biddle, S. J. H., Ciaccioni, S., Thomas, G., & Vergeer, I. (2019) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.011 · Cited by 1,454
Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., Molina-García, P., Henriksson, H., Mena-Molina, A., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., et al. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5 · Cited by 1,360
Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191 · Cited by 1,259
“Only Hoare et al 20 reported on associations with anxiety, and found moderate evidence for a positive association between screentime duration and severity of anxiety symptoms.”
BackgroundTeenagers, screens and social media: a narrative review of reviews and key studies
Orben, A. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4 · Cited by 706
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoare, E., Milton, K., Foster, C., & Allender, S.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hoare, Erin
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2016-10-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-108
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5055671
- OpenAlex
- W2529138009
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, adolescent mental health, leisure screen time, depressive symptoms, psychological distress, self-esteem, suicidal ideation, loneliness, anxiety, gender differences, lifestyle-related diseases
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Computers, Depression, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Mental Health, Self Concept, Stress, Psychological, Television, Exercise, Video Games, Internet, Sedentary Behavior
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