CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 124Tryptophan and brain disordersInflammatory Bowel DiseaseNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 373 of the 373 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease

Open access
Craig, Colin F., Filippone, Rhiannon T., Stavely, Rhian, Bornstein, Joel C., Apostolopoulos, Vasso, Nurgali, Kulmira·2022·Journal of Neuroinflammation
DOI 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1PMC PMC8729103
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1

Cites

373 of 373 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction commonly seen in human IBD and animal models of colitis. Impaired mucous production and composition and/or impaired tight junction protein localisation and production result in luminal microbiota and toxin paracellularly translocating into the intestinal lamina propria layer. Immune cells in this region interacting with antigens trigger the production of inflammatory mediators, which facilitate the recruitment of other leukocytes and lymphocytes. Inflammatory mediators enter peripheral circulation whereby they may trigger distant immunological activation. FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain; IFN Interferon; IL Interleukin; MLC myosin light chain; MLCK myosin light-chain kinase; MMP metalloproteinase, P phosphate; PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ROCK Rho associated protein kinase; TJ tight junction; TLR toll-like receptor; TNF tumour necrosis factor; ZO zonula occludens
Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction commonly seen in human IBD and animal models of colitis. Impaired mucous production and composition and/or impaired tight junction protein localisation and production result in luminal microbiota and toxin paracellularly translocating into the intestinal lamina propria layer. Immune cells in this region interacting with antigens trigger the production of inflammatory mediators, which facilitate the recruitment of other leukocytes and lymphocytes. Inflammatory mediators enter peripheral circulation whereby they may trigger distant immunological activation. FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain; IFN Interferon; IL Interleukin; MLC myosin light chain; MLCK myosin light-chain kinase; MMP metalloproteinase, P phosphate; PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ROCK Rho associated protein kinase; TJ tight junction; TLR toll-like receptor; TNF tumour necrosis factor; ZO zonula occludensCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of neuroinflammatory changes seen in and postulated in human and animals with intestinal inflammation. Circulating inflammatory mediators enter into brain parenchyma through the suggested mechanisms whereby they may modulate local glia populations such as the microglia. Microglia can impact the various neurobiological correlates of depression including neurodegeneration, serotonin biosynthesis, and hippocampal neurogenesis. 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin); BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CCL2 chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2; CNS central nervous system; COX cyclooxygenase; CVO circumventricular organ; EC endothelial cells; Glu glutamate; IDO indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase; IL interleukin; NO nitric oxide; NOS nitric oxide synthase; PGE2 prostaglandin E2; PVN perivascular macrophages; QA quinolinic acid; ROS reactive oxygen species; TJ tight junction; TNF tumour necrosis factor; TNFR1 tumour necrosis factor receptor-1; TRP tryptophan
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of neuroinflammatory changes seen in and postulated in human and animals with intestinal inflammation. Circulating inflammatory mediators enter into brain parenchyma through the suggested mechanisms whereby they may modulate local glia populations such as the microglia. Microglia can impact the various neurobiological correlates of depression including neurodegeneration, serotonin biosynthesis, and hippocampal neurogenesis. 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin); BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CCL2 chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2; CNS central nervous system; COX cyclooxygenase; CVO circumventricular organ; EC endothelial cells; Glu glutamate; IDO indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase; IL interleukin; NO nitric oxide; NOS nitric oxide synthase; PGE2 prostaglandin E2; PVN perivascular macrophages; QA quinolinic acid; ROS reactive oxygen species; TJ tight junction; TNF tumour necrosis factor; TNFR1 tumour necrosis factor receptor-1; TRP tryptophanCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Schematic representation of neuroinflammatory-induced impairment of the HPA axis functioning. Resultant neuroinflammation associated with animal models of colitis may induce damage or neurobiological alteration in important regions associated with inhibition of the HPA axis. This may trigger the aberrant secretion of hippocampal, pituitary, or adrenal hormones triggering worsening of intestinal and cortical inflammation and depressive symptoms. ACTH adrenal corticotrophin-releasing hormone; CA1 cornu ammonis 1; CNS, central nervous system; CRH corticotrophin releasing hormone; HPA hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; PVN paraventricular nucleus
Fig. 3 Schematic representation of neuroinflammatory-induced impairment of the HPA axis functioning. Resultant neuroinflammation associated with animal models of colitis may induce damage or neurobiological alteration in important regions associated with inhibition of the HPA axis. This may trigger the aberrant secretion of hippocampal, pituitary, or adrenal hormones triggering worsening of intestinal and cortical inflammation and depressive symptoms. ACTH adrenal corticotrophin-releasing hormone; CA1 cornu ammonis 1; CNS, central nervous system; CRH corticotrophin releasing hormone; HPA hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; PVN paraventricular nucleusCC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Show all 373 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Koo JW, Duman RS. IL-1β is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105(2):751. · DOI · Paper page
  2. Walker JR, Ediger JP, Graff LA, Greenfeld JM, Clara I, Lix L, et al. The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study: A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence of Lifetime and 12-Month Anxiety and Mood Disorders. Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology | ACG. 2008;103(8). · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–124 of 124

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Craig, C. F., Filippone, R. T., Stavely, R., Bornstein, J. C., Apostolopoulos, V., & Nurgali, K.
Affiliations
  • Sunshine Hospital (AU)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AU)
Corresponding author
Nurgali, Kulmira
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-01-04
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
4-4
ISSN
1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1
PMC
PMC8729103
OpenAlex
W4206422593
Cited by
124
References
373
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9
FWCI
1.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Victoria University
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (1158952)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
neuroinflammation, depression, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal permeability, enterotoxin, blood-brain barrier permeability, enteric nervous system, colitis, gut-brain axis
MeSH terms
Brain-Gut Axis, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Depression, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review