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Cited by 445Aging and Gerontology ResearchFrailty in Older AdultsGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

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Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, successful aging, and mortality: the PolSenior study

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Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, Monika, Owczarz, Magdalena, Wieczorowska-Tobis, Katarzyna, Nadrowski, Pawel, Chudek, Jerzy, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Skalska, Anna, Jonas, Marta, Franek, Edward, Mossakowska, Malgorzata·2016·Immunity & Ageing
DOI 10.1186/s12979-016-0076-xPMC PMC4891873
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the elderly, chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) is a risk factor for the development of aging-related diseases and frailty. Using data from several thousand Eastern Europeans aged 65 years and older, we investigated whether the serum levels of two proinflammatory factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were associated with physical and cognitive performance, and could predict mortality in successfully aging elderly. RESULTS: IL-6 and CRP levels systematically increased in an age-dependent manner in the entire study group (IL-6: n = 3496 individuals, p < 0.001 and CRP: n = 3632, p = 0.003), and in the subgroup of successfully aging individuals who had never been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, type 2 diabetes, or cancer, and had a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥24 and a Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score ≥5 (IL-6: n = 1258, p < 0.001 and CRP: n = 1312, p < 0.001). In the subgroup of individuals suffering from aging-related diseases/disability, only IL-6 increased with age (IL-6: n = 2238, p < 0.001 and CRP: n = 2320, p = 0.249). IL-6 and CRP levels were lower in successfully aging individuals than in the remaining study participants (both p < 0.001). Higher IL-6 and CRP levels were associated with poorer physical performance (lower ADL score) and poorer cognitive performance (lower MMSE score) (both p < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, lipids, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and smoking status. Longer survival was associated with lower concentrations of IL-6 and CRP not only in individuals with aging-related diseases/disability (HR = 1.063 per each pg/mL, 95 % CI: 1.052-1.074, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.020 per each mg/L, 95 % CI: 1.015-1.025, p < 0.001, respectively) but also in the successfully aging subgroup (HR = 1.163 per each pg/mL, 95 % CI: 1.128-1.199, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.074 per each mg/L, 95 % CI: 1.047-1.100, p < 0.001, respectively). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, lipids and smoking status. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed similar results (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both IL-6 and CRP levels were good predictors of physical and cognitive performance and the risk of mortality in both the entire elderly population and in successfully aging individuals.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12979-016-0076-x

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Fig. 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the elderly population that was classified according to quartiles of IL-6 concentrations. a. In the successfully aging subgroup, the 1-year mortality rates were 1.0 % for the <1st quartile, 0.6 % for the 1st-2nd quartile, 4.1 % for the 2nd-3rd quartile, and 6.8 % for the >3rd quartile. The differences between the <1st quartile and all of the other quartiles were significant (all p < 0.001). b. In the subgroup of individuals who suffered from aging-related diseases/disability, the 1-year mortality rates were 2.9 % for the <1st quartile, 5.7 % for the 1st-2nd quartile, 10.0 % for the 2nd-3rd quartile, and 15.8 % for the >3rd quartile. The differences between the <1st quartile and all of the other quartiles were significant (all p < 0.001)
Fig. 1 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the elderly population that was classified according to quartiles of IL-6 concentrations. a. In the successfully aging subgroup, the 1-year mortality rates were 1.0 % for the <1st quartile, 0.6 % for the 1st-2nd quartile, 4.1 % for the 2nd-3rd quartile, and 6.8 % for the >3rd quartile. The differences between the <1st quartile and all of the other quartiles were significant (all p < 0.001). b. In the subgroup of individuals who suffered from aging-related diseases/disability, the 1-year mortality rates were 2.9 % for the <1st quartile, 5.7 % for the 1st-2nd quartile, 10.0 % for the 2nd-3rd quartile, and 15.8 % for the >3rd quartile. The differences between the <1st quartile and all of the other quartiles were significant (all p < 0.001)CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the elderly population that was classified according to CRP concentrations. a. In the successfully aging subgroup, the 1-year mortality rates were 1.6 % for ≤3 mg/L, 2.8 % for 3.1–10 mg/L, and 8.8 % for >10 mg/L. The differences between ≤3 mg/L and the other concentration ranges were significant (all p < 0.001). b. In the subgroup of individuals who suffered from aging-related diseases/disability, the 1-year mortality rates were 6.3 % for ≤3 mg/L, 10.3 % for 3.1–10 mg/L, and 19.2 % for >10 mg/L. The differences between ≤3 mg/L and other concentration ranges were significant (all p < 0.001)
Fig. 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the elderly population that was classified according to CRP concentrations. a. In the successfully aging subgroup, the 1-year mortality rates were 1.6 % for ≤3 mg/L, 2.8 % for 3.1–10 mg/L, and 8.8 % for >10 mg/L. The differences between ≤3 mg/L and the other concentration ranges were significant (all p < 0.001). b. In the subgroup of individuals who suffered from aging-related diseases/disability, the 1-year mortality rates were 6.3 % for ≤3 mg/L, 10.3 % for 3.1–10 mg/L, and 19.2 % for >10 mg/L. The differences between ≤3 mg/L and other concentration ranges were significant (all p < 0.001)CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, M., Owczarz, M., Wieczorowska-Tobis, K., Nadrowski, P., Chudek, J., Slusarczyk, P., Skalska, A., Jonas, M., Franek, E., & Mossakowska, M.
Affiliations
  • International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (PL)
  • Medical University of Silesia (PL)
  • Jagiellonian University (PL)
  • Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
ORCID
Venue
Immunity & Ageing
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-06-03
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
21-21
ISSN
1742-4933 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12979-016-0076-x
PMC
PMC4891873
OpenAlex
W2416122254
Cited by
445
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 4
FWCI
48.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Immunity & Ageing (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (PBZ-MEiN-9/2/2006 – K143/P01/2007/1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords
interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, inflammaging, successful aging, mortality, older adults, physical performance, activities of daily living, cognitive performance, Mini-Mental State Examination, frailty, age-related diseases, Eastern Europe, aging biomarkers, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, smoking, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index

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