The RooPfs study to assess whether improved housing provides additional protection against clinical malaria over current best practice in The Gambia: study protocol for a randomized controlled study and ancillary studies
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In malaria-endemic areas, residents of modern houses have less malaria than those living in traditional houses. This study will determine if modern housing provides incremental protection against clinical malaria over the current best practice of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and prompt treatment in The Gambia, determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of the interventions, and analyze the housing market in The Gambia. METHODS/DESIGN: A two-armed, household, cluster-randomized, controlled study will be conducted to assess whether improved housing and LLINs combine to provide better protection against clinical malaria in children than LLINs alone in The Gambia. The unit of randomization will be the household, defined as a house and its occupants. A total of 800 households will be enrolled and will receive LLINs, and 400 will receive improved housing before clinical follow-up. One child aged 6 months to 13 years will be enrolled from each household and followed for clinical malaria using active case detection to estimate malaria incidence for two malaria transmission seasons. Episodes of clinical malaria will be the primary endpoint. Study children will be surveyed at the end of each transmission season to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection, parasite density, and the prevalence of anemia. Exposure to malaria parasites will be assessed using light traps, followed by detection of Anopheles gambiae species and sporozoite infection. Ancillary economic and social science studies will undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis and use qualitative and participatory methods to explore the acceptability of the housing modifications and to design strategies for scaling-up housing interventions. DISCUSSION: The study is the first of its kind to measure the efficacy of housing on reducing clinical malaria, assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of improved housing, and identify mechanisms for scaling up housing interventions. Trial findings will help inform policy makers on improved housing for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN02622179 . Registered on 23 September 2014.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The study was powered to detect a 50% reduction in mosquito density, requiring seven houses per cluster for human landing catch captures.
“For the entomological sampling, we powered the study to detect a 50% reduction in mosquito density, consistent with semi-field testing of Eave Tubes19, 20 and other randomised controlled trials evaluating the entomological effect of house modifications.12, 29 On the basis of baseline data, this sample size calculation required seven houses per cluster for the human landing catch captures.”
From Impact and cost-effectiveness of a lethal house lure against malaria transmission in central Côte d'Ivoire: a two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment
Wang, C., & Burris, M. A. (1997) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019819702400309 · Cited by 5,551 · see citing works
The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015
Bhatt, S., Weiss, D. J., Cameron, E., Bisanzio, D., Mappin, B., Dalrymple, U., Battle, K. E., Moyes, C. L., Henry, A., Eckhoff, P. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15535 · Cited by 3,225 · see citing works
Identification of Single Specimens of the Anopheles Gambiae Complex by the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Scott, J. A., Brogdon, W. G., & Collins, F. H. (1993) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.520 · Cited by 1,626 · see citing works
Ranson, H., N’Guessan, R., Lines, J., Moiroux, N., Nkuni, Z., & Corbel, V. (2011) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2010.08.004 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
The evidence for improving housing to reduce malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tusting, L. S., Ippolito, M. M., Willey, B. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Dorsey, G., Gosling, R. D., & Lindsay, S. W. (2015) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0724-1 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE IMPORTANCE OF MOSQUITO BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATIONS TO MALARIA CONTROL IN AFRICA
Gatton, M. L., Chitnis, N., Churcher, T., Donnelly, M. J., Ghani, A. C., Godfray, H. C. J., Gould, F., Hastings, I., Marshall, J., Ranson, H., et al. (2013) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.12063 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Malaria in African Infants and Children in Southern Nigeria
Bruce-Chwatt, L. J. (1952) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1952.11685522 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Kirby, M. J., Ameh, D., Bottomley, C., Green, C., Jawara, M., Milligan, P. J., Snell, P. C., Conway, D. J., & Lindsay, S. W. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60871-0 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Multiple-Insecticide Resistance in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Mosquitoes, Southern Côte d’Ivoire
Edi, C. V. A., Koudou, B. G., Jones, C. M., Weetman, D., & Ranson, H. (2012) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1809.120262 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Reducing malaria by mosquito-proofing houses
Lindsay, S. W., Emerson, P. M., & Charlwood, J. D. (2002) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02382-6 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Huho, B., Briët, O., Seyoum, A., Sikaala, C., Bayoh, N. M., Gimnig, J. E., Okumu, F. O., Diallo, D. A., Abdulla, S., Smith, T. A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys214 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Malaria in Europe: An Ecological Study
(1938) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1938.02790340080028 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Risk factors for house-entry by malaria vectors in a rural town and satellite villages in The Gambia
Kirby, M. J., Green, C. K., Milligan, P. J., Sismanidis, C., Jasseh, M., Conway, D. J., & Lindsay, S. W. (2008) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-2 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Snow, R. W., Nahlen, B. L., Palmer, A., Donnelly, C. A., Gupta, S., & Marsh, K. (1998) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/517818 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Importance of Eaves to House Entry by Anopheline, But Not Culicine, Mosquitoes
Njie, M., Dilger, E., Lindsay, S. W., & Kirby, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/033.046.0314 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationDo untreated bednets protect against malaria?
Clarke, S. E., Bøgh, C., Brown, R. C., Pinder, M., Walraven, G. E. L., & Lindsay, S. W. (2001) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90001-x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants.
MacDonald, G. F. (1950) · PubMed · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Pinder, M., Jawara, M., Jarju, L. B. S., Salami, K., Jeffries, D. J., Hamid‐Adiamoh, M., Bojang, K., Correa, S., Kandeh, B., Kaur, H., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61007-2 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
ELISA method for detecting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite antibody.
Wirtz, R. A., Duncan, J. F., Njelesani, E., Schneider, I., Brown, A. E., Oster, C. N., Were, J. B. O., & Webster, H. K. (1989) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Risk of malaria attacks in Gambian children is greater away from malaria vector breeding sites
Clarke, S. E., Bøgh, C., Brown, R. C. D., Walraven, G. E. L., Thomas, C., & Lindsay, S. W. (2002) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90419-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Manual on environmental management for mosquito control with special emphasis on malaria vectors.
(1982) · PubMed · Cited by 62 · see citing works
An analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants: 40 years after Macdonald.
Brabin, B. J. (1990) · Tropical Diseases Bulletin · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Airflow attenuation and bed net utilization: observations from Africa and Asia
von Seidlein, L., Ikonomidis, K., Bruun, R. L., Jawara, M., Pinder, M., Knols, B. G., & Knudsen, J. (2012) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-200 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lindsay, S. W., Adiamah, J. H., & Armstrong, J. R. M. (1992) · Bulletin of Entomological Research · doi:10.1017/s0007485300051488 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Economic analysis of the health impacts of housing improvement studies: a systematic review
Fenwick, E. A. L., Macdonald, C., & Thomson, H. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202124 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Stocktaking of the housing sector in Sub-Saharan Africa : challenges and opportunities
Parby, J. I. (2015) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Boyd, M. F. (1926) · The American journal of tropical medicine. · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1926.s1-6.157 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Measuring morbidity from malaria
Snow, R. W., Menon, A., & Greenwood, B. M. (1989) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1989.11812350 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Stocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
World Bank Group (2015) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/23358 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mackenzie, G. A., Usuf, E. A., Jasseh, M., Nsekpong, D. E., Ikumapayi, N. U., Badji, H., Saha, D., Ameh, D., Uchendu, U. S., Corrah, T., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1548 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 31 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [31]Macdonald G The analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants Trop Dis Bull 1950 47 915 38 14798657
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morakinyo, O. M., Balogun, F. M., & Fagbamigbe, A. F. (2018) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2463-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Affordable house designs to improve health in rural Africa: a field study from northeastern Tanzania
von Seidlein, L., Ikonomidis, K., Mshamu, S., Nkya, T. E., Mukaka, M., Pell, C. L., Lindsay, S. W., Deen, J. L., Kisinza, W. N., & Knudsen, J. (2017) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30078-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Expanding the Vector Control Toolbox for Malaria Elimination: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Williams, Y. A., Tusting, L. S., Hocini, S., Graves, P. M., Killeen, G. F., Kleinschmidt, I., Okumu, F. O., Feachem, R. G., Tatarsky, A., & Gosling, R. D. (2018) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2018.01.003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sternberg, E. D., Cook, J., Alou, L. P. A., Assi, S. B., Koffi, A. A., Doudou, D. T., Aoura, C. J., Wolie, R. Z., Oumbouke, W. A., Worrall, E., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00250-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lindsay, S. W., Jawara, M., Mwesigwa, J., Achan, J., Bayoh, N. M., Bradley, J., Kandeh, B., Kirby, M. J., Knudsen, J., Macdonald, M., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43816-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Impact of partially and fully closed eaves on house entry rates by mosquitoes
Mburu, M. M., Juurlink, M., Spitzen, J., Moraga, P., Hiscox, A., Mzilahowa, T., Takken, W., & McCann, R. S. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2977-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chilot, D., Mondelaers, A., Alem, A. Z., Asres, M. S., Yimer, M. A., Toni, A. T., & Ayele, T. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285265 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Jawara, M., Jatta, E., Bell, D., Burkot, T. R., Bradley, J., Hunt, V. M., Kandeh, B., Jones, C. O. H., Manjang, A. M., Pinder, M., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0660 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
House modifications for preventing malaria
Furnival-Adams, J., Olanga, E. A., Napier, M., & Garner, P. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013398.pub3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pinder, M., Bradley, J., Jawara, M., Affara, M., Conteh, L., Correa, S., Jeffries, D. J., Jones, C. O. H., Kandeh, B., Knudsen, J., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00002-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sternberg, E. D., Cook, J., Ahoua Alou, L. P., Aoura, C. J., Assi, S. B., Doudou, D. T., Koffi, A. A., N’Guessan, R., Oumbouke, W. A., Smith, R. A., et al. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5746-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nguela, R. L., Bigoga, J. D., Tedjou, A. N., Tallah, E., Line, D., Njeambosay, B., Tchouine, F., Kazi, R., Williams, P., Mbacham, W. F., et al. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03232-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dlamini, N., Hsiang, M. S., Ntshalintshali, N., Pindolia, D. K., Allen, R. L., Nhlabathi, N., Novotny, J. M., Dufour, M. K., Midekisa, A. A., Gosling, R. D., et al. (2017) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx071 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
House modifications for preventing malaria
Furnival-Adams, J., Olanga, E. A., Napier, M., & Garner, P. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013398.pub2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Measuring ventilation in different typologies of rural Gambian houses: a pilot experimental study
Knudsen, J., Pinder, M., Jatta, E., Jawara, M., Yousuf, M. A., Søndergaard, A. T., & Lindsay, S. W. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03327-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dabira, E. D., Soumaré, H., Lindsay, S. W., Conteh, B., Ceesay, F., Bradley, J., Kositz, C., Broekhuizen, H., Kandeh, B., Fehr, A. E., et al. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/20904 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Human behavior determinants of exposure to Anopheles vectors of malaria in Sumba, Indonesia
Rozi, I. E., Syahrani, L., Permana, D. H., Asih, P. B. S., Hidayati, A. P. N., Kosasih, S., Dewayanti, F. K., Risandi, R., Zubaidah, S., Bangs, M. J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276783 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Alegana, V. A., Kigozi, S. P., Nankabirwa, J. I., Arinaitwe, E., Kigozi, R. N., Mawejje, H. D., Kilama, M., Ruktanonchai, N., Ruktanonchai, C. W., DRAKELEY, C. J., et al. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1917-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chisanga, B., Bulte, E., Kassie, M. B., Mutero, C. M., Saili, K., Masaninga, F., & Sangoro, O. P. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115778 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Asale, A., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Teshager, A., Belay, A. K., Kassie, M. B., & Mutero, C. M. (2021) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03996-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Asifat, O., Adenusi, A., Adebile, T. V., Aderinto, N., Azu, E. U., Ivey-Waters, A., & Kersey, J. X. (2025) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-025-05340-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bah, M. S. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/17625877 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sangoro, O. P., Fillinger, U., Saili, K., Nkya, T. E., Marubu, R. M., Masaninga, F., Trigo, S. C., Tarumbwa, C., Hamainza, B., Candrinho, B. N., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05768-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
House screening for malaria control: views and experiences of participants in the RooPfs trial
Jones, C. O. H., Matta, A. C. Z., Pinder, M., D’Alessandro, U., Knudsen, J., & Lindsay, S. W. (2022) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04321-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Erhabo, O., Abdullahi, A. G., Tosan, E., & Charles, A. T. (2019) · Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal · doi:10.15406/ogij.2019.10.00454 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Asale, A., Kassie, M. B., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Belay, A. K., Sangoro, O. P., Tchouassi, D. P., & Mutero, C. M. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12919-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Household structure is independently associated with malaria risk in rural Sussundenga, Mozambique
Searle, K. M., Earland, D. E., Bibe, A. F., Muhiro, V., Novela, A., & Ferrao, J. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Epidemiology · doi:10.3389/fepid.2023.1137040 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Saili, K., de Jager, C., Masaninga, F., Chisanga, B., Sinyolo, A., Chiwaula, J., Chirwa, J., Hamainza, B., Chanda, E., Bakyaita, N. N., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17750-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Burden, challenges, and control of malaria among under-5s in Nigeria
Okoro, L. N., Ayesiga, I., Yeboah, M. O., Bulus, N. G., Gmanyami, J. M., Ismaila, E. L., Ahgu, O., Otokpa, E. O., Edet, E. N., Dogo, J. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmag014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agweibab, F., & Agweibab, F. (2023) · Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences · doi:10.4314/jcas.v19i1.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Balew, S., Bulte, E., Abro, Z., Asale, A., Mutero, C. M., & Kassie, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103407 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Asale, A., Kassie, M. B., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Belay, A. K., Sangoro, O. P., Tchouassi, D. P., & Mutero, C. M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-558964/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluating Multi-level Risk Factors for Malaria and Arboviral Infections in Regions of Tanzania
Homenauth, E. (2016) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-590
Evidence of high bed net usage from a list randomization experiment in rural Gambia
Brew, J., Pinder, M., D’Alessandro, U., Lindsay, S. W., Jones, C. O. H., & Sicuri, E. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03322-5
Asale, A., Kassie, M. B., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Belay, A. K., Sangoro, O. P., Tchouassi, D. P., & Mutero, C. M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-523580/v1
House screening for malaria control: views and experiences of participants in the RooPfs trial.Preprint
Jones, C. H. D., Matta, A., Pinder, M., D’Alessandro, U., Knudsen, J., & Lindsay, S. W. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1361259/v1
Firmansyah, Y. W., Parulian, A. A., Kristiawan, H., Prasaja, B. J., Fikri, E., & Noya, L. Y. J. (2024) · Healthcraft Frontiers · doi:10.56578/hf020201
Respiratory rates among rural Gambian children: a community-based cohort study
Mogeni, P., Amima, S., Gunther, J., Pinder, M., Tusting, L. S., D’Alessandro, U., Cousens, S., Lindsay, S. W., & Bradley, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70796-7
Knudsen, J., Pinder, M., Jatta, E., Jawara, M., Yousuf, M. A., Søndergaard, A. T., & Lindsay, S. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12750485
Asale, A., Kassie, M. B., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Belay, A. K., Sangoro, P. O., Tchouassi, D. P., & Mutero, C. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19745080
Knudsen, J., Pinder, M., Jatta, E., Jawara, M., Yousuf, M. A., Søndergaard, A. T., & Lindsay, S. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12750482
Asale, A., Kassie, M. B., Abro, Z., Enchalew, B., Belay, A. K., Sangoro, P. O., Tchouassi, D. P., & Mutero, C. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19745083
Responsibilities and Challenges of Models of Hope in the HIV/AIDS Care-giving Continuum in Ghana
Opoku, A. S., Manu, E., Dwomoh, F., & Tarkang, E. E. (2026) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/23259582261467820
- Authors
- Pinder, M., Conteh, L., Jeffries, D., Jones, C., Knudsen, J., Kandeh, B., Jawara, M., Sicuri, E., D’Alessandro, U., & Lindsay, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- MRC Unit the Gambia (GM)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Royal Danish Academy – Architecture, Design, Conservation (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Lindsay, Steve W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Trials
- Published
- 2016-06-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 275-275
- ISSN
- 1745-6215 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4891825
- OpenAlex
- W2415720269
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Trials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Architecture, Design and Conservation (Aarhus School of Architecture, Design School Kolding, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation (KADK)) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- MRC-DfID-Wellcome Trust (MR/M007383/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Keywords
- improved housing, clinical malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, long-lasting insecticidal nets, malaria control, children, cost-effectiveness, housing market, Anopheles gambiae, sporozoite infection, parasite density, anemia, home modification, scaling up interventions, Gambia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Anemia, Child, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Gambia, Housing, Humans, Infant, Male, Mosquito Control, Research Design, Risk Factors, Seasons, Time Factors, Incidence, Prevalence, Malaria, Falciparum, Health Care Costs, Insecticide-Treated Bednets
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
