The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome
Open accessAbstract
The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, although proposed criteria have been published by Jordan [46], Victoroff [47], and Montenigro and colleagues [21].”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There are no agreed upon clinical criteria for diagnosis, although sets of criteria have been proposed for research purposes.”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005 · Cited by 18,657
The Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Brief Overview
Langlois, J., Rutland-Brown, W., & Wald, M. (2006) · The journal of head trauma rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00001199-200609000-00001 · Cited by 3,893
Weıntraub, S. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530120075013 · Cited by 3,018
McCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313 · Cited by 2,669
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury
McKee, A. C., Cantu, R. C., Nowinski, C. J., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Gavett, B. E., Budson, A. E., Santini, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Kubilus, C. A., & Stern, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181a9d503 · Cited by 2,295
Self-citationMcCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.002 · Cited by 2,141
The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Nowinski, C. J., Stern, R. A., Daneshvar, D. H., Alvarez, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Hall, G., Wojtowicz, S. M., Baugh, C. M., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws307 · Cited by 2,098
Self-citationJack, C. R., Albert, M. S., Knopman, D. S., McKhann, G. M., Sperling, R. A., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., & Phelps, C. H. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.004 · Cited by 2,042
Goldstein, L. E., Fisher, A. M., Tagge, C. A., Zhang, X.-L., Velisek, L., Sullivan, J. A., Upreti, C., Kracht, J. M., Ericsson, M., Wojnarowicz, M. W., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003716 · Cited by 958
Self-citationMcCrory, P. R., Meeuwisse, W. H., Aubry, M., Cantu, R. C., Dvořák, J., Echemendía, R. J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K. M., Kutcher, J. S., Raftery, M., et al. (2013) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.02.012 · Cited by 922
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Millspaugh JA: Dementia pugilistica. US Naval Med Bulletin. 1937, 35: 297-361.
- Ravina A: Traumatic encephalitis or punch drunk. Presse Med. 1937, 45: 1362-1364.
- La Cava G: The injuries of boxing. Deutscher Sportéirzte Kongress. 1952, 79: 817-
- Critchley M: Punch-Drunk Syndromes: The Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy of Boxers. Hommage a Clovis Vincent. 1949, Maloin, Paris
- Jokl E, Guttmann E: Neurological and psychiatric examinations of boxers. Münch med Wschr. 1933, 80: 560-562.
- Herzog K: Neurologic-psychiatric examinations of boxers. MD Thesis. 1938, Medicine Department, Hamburg University
- Knoll W, Stille G, Herzog K: Injuries and their prevention. Arch Klin Chir. 1938, 191: 36-42.
- Roberts AH: Brain Damage in Boxers: A Study of the Prevalence of Traumatic Encephalopathy among Ex-Professional Boxers. 1969, Pitman Medical and Scientific Publishing Co., London
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 374
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Diagnostic updates and advances
Pierre, K., Molina, V., Shukla, S., Avila, A., Fong, N., Nguyen, J., & Lucke-Wold, B. P. (2022) · AIMS neuroscience · doi:10.3934/neuroscience.2022030 · Cited by 33
A quantitative study of tau pathology in 11 cases of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Armstrong, R. A., McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Alvarez, V. E., & Cairns, N. J. (2016) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12323 · Cited by 31
Riley, D., Robbins, C. A., Cantu, R. C., & Stern, R. A. (2015) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.965215 · Cited by 32
Self-citationThe sound of Passion and Indifference
Truesdale, D. M., & Pell, M. D. (2018) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2018.03.007 · Cited by 30
Risk of Misdiagnosing Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Men With Depression
Iverson, G. L., & Gardner, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19010021 · Cited by 30
Symptoms of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome are common in the US general population
Iverson, G. L., & Gardner, A. J. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab001 · Cited by 30
Shively, S. B., Priemer, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Perl, D. P. (2021) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2021.04.003 · Cited by 32
Bischof, G. N., & Cross, D. J. (2023) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.263293 · Cited by 35
Hu, W. H., Tung, Y. C., Zhang, Y., Liu, F., & Iqbal, K. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180177 · Cited by 30
Hiskens, M. I., Schneiders, A. G., Vella, R. K., & Fenning, A. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251315 · Cited by 32
Neuroimaging in the Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review
Sparks, P., Lawrence, T. P., & Hinze, S. (2017) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000541 · Cited by 32
Alzheimer’s Disease: From Amyloid to Autoimmune Hypothesis
Arshavsky, Y. I. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420908189 · Cited by 28
Traumatic brain injury and the pathways to cerebral tau accumulation
Flavin, W. P., Hosseini, H. C., Ruberti, J. W., Kavehpour, H. P., Giza, C. C., & Prins, M. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1239653 · Cited by 33
Rubenstein, R., McQuillan, L. E., Wang, K., Robertson, C. S., Chang, B., Yang, Z., Xu, H., Williamson, J. B., & Wagner, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0479 · Cited by 26
Evaluation of Tau Radiotracers in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Varlow, C., & Vasdev, N. (2022) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.122.264404 · Cited by 23
Finkel, A. M., & Bieniek, K. F. (2018) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1456899 · Cited by 27
Retired National Football League Players are Not at Greater Risk for Suicide
Iverson, G. L. (2019) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acz023 · Cited by 30
The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Alosco, M. L., & Stern, R. A. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00018-2 · Cited by 28
Self-citationAdams, J. W., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Alvarez, V. E., Huber, B. R., Tripodis, Y., Adler, C. H., Kubilius, C., Cormier, K., Mathais, R., et al. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-020-02206-x · Cited by 29
Self-citationAlosco, M. L., Culhane, J. E., & Mez, J. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01028-3 · Cited by 32
Self-citationPrevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the Sydney Brain Bank
McCann, H., Bahar, A. Y., Burkhardt, K., Gardner, A. J., Halliday, G. M., Iverson, G. L., & Shepherd, C. E. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac189 · Cited by 29
Alosco, M. L., Su, Y., Stein, T. D., Protas, H. D., Cherry, J. D., Adler, C. H., Balcer, L. J., Bernick, C. B., Pulukuri, S. V., Abdolmohammadi, B., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05963-x · Cited by 28
Self-citationDeveloping Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Promise and Progress of CNS-Derived Exosomes
Vaughn, M. N., Winston, C. N., Levin, N., Rissman, R. A., & Risbrough, V. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.698206 · Cited by 28
Gaetz, M. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.023 · Cited by 28
Motor Function in Former Professional Football Players with History of Multiple Concussions
Tarazi, A., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R. A., Ebraheem, A., Green, R., Colella, B., Saverino, C., Khodadadi, M., Misquitta, K., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5290 · Cited by 30
Traumatic Brain Injury, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, and Alzheimer Disease
Al‐Dahhak, R., Khoury, R., Qazi, E., & Grossberg, G. T. (2018) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2018.06.008 · Cited by 26
Risk for Misdiagnosing Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Men With Anger Control Problems
Iverson, G. L., & Gardner, A. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00739 · Cited by 25
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Football Players—Reply
McKee, A. C., Mez, J. B., & Abdolmohammadi, B. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16687 · Cited by 25
Self-citationDallmeier, J., Meysami, S., Merrill, D. A., & Raji, C. A. (2019) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20180925 · Cited by 25
Krishnadas, N., Doré, V., Lamb, F., Groot, C., McCrory, P. R., Guzman, R., Mulligan, R. S., Huang, K., O'Donnell, M. L., Ponsford, J. L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.598980 · Cited by 25
Schaffert, J., Didehbani, N., LoBue, C., Hart, J., Rossetti, H. C., Lacritz, L. H., & Cullum, C. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.617526 · Cited by 25
Predictors and Correlates of Depression in Retired Elite Level Rugby League Players
Iverson, G. L., Patten, R. V., Terry, D. P., Levi, C. R., & Gardner, A. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.655746 · Cited by 26
Decreased myelin proteins in brain donors exposed to football-related repetitive head impacts
Alosco, M. L., Ly, M. T., Mosaheb, S., Saltiel, N. A., Uretsky, M., Tripodis, Y., Martin, B. M., Palmisano, J. N., Delano‐Wood, L., Bondi, M. W., et al. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad019 · Cited by 25
Self-citationModeling Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Way Forward for Future Discovery
Turner, R. C., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Logsdon, A. F., Robson, M. J., Lee, J. M., Bailes, J. E., Dashnaw, M. L., Huber, J. D., Petraglia, A. L., & Rosen, C. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00223 · Cited by 25
Management of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Cantu, R. C., & Budson, A. E. (2019) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1633916 · Cited by 23
Self-citationIverson, G. L., Kissinger-Knox, A. M., Huebschmann, N. A., Castellani, R. J., & Gardner, A. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1214814 · Cited by 22
Emotional Lability as a Unique Presenting Sign of Suspected Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Yuan, S. H., & Wang, S. G. (2018) · Case Reports in Neurological Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/2621416 · Cited by 21
Iverson, G. L., & Terry, D. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.812604 · Cited by 24
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Turk, K. W., & Budson, A. E. (2019) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000686 · Cited by 23
Self-citationChronic traumatic encephalopathy: fluid biomarkers
Zetterberg, H., & Blennow, K. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63954-7.00030-6 · Cited by 23
Anti-Phospho-Tau Gene Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Sacramento, C. B., Sondhi, D., Rosenberg, J. B., Chen, A., Giordano, S., Pey, E. P., Lee, V., Stiles, K. M., Havlicek, D. F., Leopold, P. L., et al. (2019) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2019.174 · Cited by 22
Yang, C., Nag, S., Xing, G., Aggarwal, N. T., & Schneider, J. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00042 · Cited by 21
Tucker, L. B., Winston, B. S., Liu, J., Velosky, A. G., Fu, A. H., Grillakis, A. A., & McCabe, J. T. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222153 · Cited by 20
Evolving concepts of chronic traumatic encephalopathy as a neuropathological entity
Ling, H., Neal, J., & Révész, T. (2017) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12425 · Cited by 19
Ventresca, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9127-0_4 · Cited by 19
Molecular mechanisms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
van den Bedem, H., & Ellen Kuhl, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2017.02.003 · Cited by 21
Albayram, Ö., Albayram, S., & Mannix, R. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01111-x · Cited by 20
Querzola, G., Lovati, C., Mariani, C. B., & Pantoni, L. (2019) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-019-03853-z · Cited by 18
Asken, B. M., Tanner, J. A., Gaynor, L. S., VandeVrede, L. A., Mantyh, W. G., Casaletto, K. B., Staffaroni, A. M., Fonseca, C. S., Shankar, R. P., Grant, H. E., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01275-w · Cited by 24
McAllister, T. W. (2016) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20160025 · Cited by 21
The utility of clinical criteria in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Laffey, M., Darby, A. J., Cline, M. G., Teng, E., & Mendez, M. F. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-182452 · Cited by 18
Recent Preclinical Insights Into the Treatment of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Breen, P., & Krishnan, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00616 · Cited by 19
Fortington, L. V., Cassidy, J. D., Castellani, R. J., Gardner, A. J., McIntosh, A. S., Austen, M., Kerr, Z. Y., & Quarrie, K. L. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02102-4 · Cited by 20
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Hugon, J., Hourrègue, C., Cognat, E., Lilamand, M., Porte, B., Mouton‐Liger, F., Dumurgier, J., & Paquet, C. (2021) · Neurochirurgie · doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.02.003 · Cited by 21
Iverson, G. L., Merz, Z. C., & Terry, D. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.632618 · Cited by 21
Taghdiri, F., Khodadadi, M., Sadia, N., Mushtaque, A., Scott, O. F. T., Hirsch‐Reinshagen, V., Tator, C. H., Wennberg, R. A., Kovács, G. G., & Tartaglia, M. C. (2024) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16259 · Cited by 16
Master, C. L., Mayer, A. R., Quinn, D. K., & Grady, M. F. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc201807030 · Cited by 15
Agoston, D. V., Arun, P., Bellgowan, P. S. F., Broglio, S. P., Cantu, R. C., Cook, D. G., da Silva, U. O., Dickstein, D. L., Elder, G. A., Fudge, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5220 · Cited by 15
Self-citationQi, B., Tan, J., Feng, D., Guan, L., Li, J., Cao, M., & Zou, Y. F. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70047 · Cited by 17
Ge, X., Guo, M., Li, M., Zhang, S., Qiang, J., Zhu, L., Cheng, L., Li, W., Wang, Y., Yu, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1052765 · Cited by 12
Concussion in Female Athletes of Contact Sports: A Scoping Review
Fahr, J., Kraff, O., Deuschl, C., & Dodel, R. C. (2024) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671241276447 · Cited by 15
Defining traumatic encephalopathy syndrome — advances and challenges
Cullum, C. M., & LoBue, C. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00500-0 · Cited by 14
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Biomarker for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Alosco, M. L., Jarnagin, J., Rowland, B. C., Liao, H. V., Stern, R. A., & Lin, A. P. (2017) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608764 · Cited by 14
Self-citationChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Mez, J. B., Stern, R. A., & McKee, A. C. (2020) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715824 · Cited by 14
Self-citationAdams, J. W., Kirsch, D. A., Calderazzo, S. M., Tuz‐Zahra, F., Tripodis, Y., Mez, J., Alosco, M. L., Alvarez, V. E., Huber, B. R., Kubilus, C. A., et al. (2024) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.2166 · Cited by 14
Self-citationCavum Septum Pellucidum in Former American Football Players
Arciniega, H., Jung, L., Tuz‐Zahra, F., Tripodis, Y., John, O., Kim, N., Carrington, H., Knyazhanskaya, E. E., Chamaria, A., Breedlove, K. M., et al. (2024) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200324 · Cited by 13
Self-citationHiskens, M. I., Vella, R. K., Schneiders, A. G., & Fenning, A. S. (2021) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1909139 · Cited by 15
Iverson, G. L., Terry, D. P., Luz, M., ZAFONTE, R. D., McCrory, P. R., Solomon, G. S., & Gardner, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18110280 · Cited by 14
Pieper, J., Chang, D. G., Mahasin, S., Robb, A., Angeles‐Quinto, A., Nichols, S., Diwakar, M., Huang, C. W., Swan, J., Lee, R. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000492 · Cited by 17
Joyce, J. M., Monchi, O., Ismail, Z., Kibreab, M., Cheetham, J., Kathol, I., Sarna, J. R., Martino, D., & Debert, C. T. (2019) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2019.1656177 · Cited by 13
Nicks, R., Shah, A., Stathas, S., Kirsch, D. A., Horowitz, S. M., Saltiel, N. A., Calderazzo, S. M., Butler, M. L. M. D., Cormier, K., Aytan, N., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-024-02833-8 · Cited by 14
Self-citationMohamed, A. Z., Cumming, P. D., Nasrallah, F. A., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12070876 · Cited by 12
Brett, B. L., Wilmoth, K., Cummings, P., Solomon, G. S., McCrea, M., & Zuckerman, S. L. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181058 · Cited by 12
Lee, B. G., Bennett, L. L., Bernick, C. B., Shan, G., & Banks, S. J. (2019) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000495 · Cited by 12
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Comparison with Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
Lesman‐Segev, O. H., Edwards, L., & Rabinovici, G. D. (2020) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715134 · Cited by 13
Terry, D. P., Jo, J., Williams, K. L., Davis, P. J., Iverson, G. L., & Zuckerman, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0601 · Cited by 11
Brain pathology and symptoms linked to concussion history: beyond chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Taskina, D., Zhu, C., Schwab, N., & Hazrati, L. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad314 · Cited by 10
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review
Asken, B. M., Brett, B. L., Barr, W., Banks, S. J., Wethe, J. V., Dams-O’Connor, K., Stern, R. A., & Alosco, M. L. (2025) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2025.2454047 · Cited by 12
Self-citationKleven, B. C., Chien, L.-C., Labus, B., Cross, C. L., Ritter, A. R., Randall, R., Montes, A., & Bernick, C. B. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207594 · Cited by 11
Eyolfson, E., Yamakawa, G. R., Griep, Y., Collins, R., Carr, T. H., Wang, M., Lohman, A. W., & Mychasiuk, R. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa002 · Cited by 12
Hiskens, M. I., Vella, R. K., Schneiders, A. G., & Fenning, A. S. (2021) · Trauma Care · doi:10.3390/traumacare1010003 · Cited by 11
Caccese, J. B., Schmidt, J. D., Moody, J. N., Broglio, S. P., McAllister, T. W., McCrea, M., Pasquina, P. F., Buckley, T. A., & CARE Consortium Investigators (2021) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438627.2021.1966008 · Cited by 12
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: what do parents of youth athletes know about it?
Daugherty, J., & Sarmiento, K. (2018) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1530801 · Cited by 11
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Bailes, J. E., Turner, R. C., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Patel, V. A., & Lee, J. M. (2015) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000000811 · Cited by 11
Blood-brain barrier disruption, traumatic encephalopathy, and cognitive decline in retired athletes
Greene, C., Brennan, D., Mirloo, S., Connolly, R., O’Callaghan, J., Reddy, A., Henderson, J., Porkoláb, G., McGlinchey, A. S., Hanley, N., et al. (2026) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adu6037 · Cited by 11
Pulukuri, S. V., Fagle, T. R., Trujillo‐Rodriguez, D., van Amerongen, S., Bernick, C. B., Geda, Y. E., Wethe, J. V., Peskind, E. R., Katz, D. I., Alosco, M. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230133 · Cited by 10
Self-citationChronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes, players, boxers and military: systematic review
Barbosa, M. G. D. S., Francisco, G. G. D. O. A., de Souza, R. L. V., de Souza, J. M. A., Carneiro, R. A., Rabelo, N. N., & Chaurasia, B. K. (2024) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000002693 · Cited by 14
Recent Advances in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Babcock, K. J., Abdolmohammadi, B., & McKee, A. C. (2025) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2025.07.008 · Cited by 14
Co-occurrence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and prion disease
Nemani, S. K., Notari, S., Calì, I., Alvarez, V. E., Kofskey, D., Cohen, M. L., Stern, R. A., Appleby, B. S., Abrams, J. Y., Schonberger, L. B., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0643-9 · Cited by 12
Self-citationAn exhaustive analysis of post-traumatic brain injury dementia using bibliometric methodologies
Sang, X., Wang, C.-Q., Chen, W., Rong, H., & Hou, L.-J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1165059 · Cited by 11
Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players
Manor, B. D., Zhou, J., Lo, O., Zhu, H., Gouskova, N., Yu, W., ZAFONTE, R. D., Lipsitz, L. A., Travison, T. G., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25638 · Cited by 10
POINT/COUNTER-POINT—Links between traumatic brain injury and dementia remain poorly defined
Barr, W. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acz075 · Cited by 10
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: understanding the facts and debate
LoBue, C., Schaffert, J., & Cullum, C. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000580 · Cited by 10
Fesharaki‐Zadeh, A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123158 · Cited by 8
Guan, L., Tan, J., Qi, B., Chen, Y., Tong, E., Pan, J., & Zou, Y. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1294125 · Cited by 10
An Autopsy Proven Child Onset Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Lee, K., Kim, S., Lee, Y., Won, J., & Park, S. (2017) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2017.26.3.172 · Cited by 10
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Horse Is Still Chasing the Cart
Asken, B. M., & Bauer, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0612 · Cited by 9
Hearn, R., Selfe, J., Cordero, M. I., & Dobbin, N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271213 · Cited by 9
Advances and Gaps in Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Rabinovici, G. D. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.9353 · Cited by 9
Olsen, A., Babikian, T., Bigler, E. D., Caeyenberghs, K., Conde, V., Dams-O’Connor, K., Dobryakova, E., Genova, H. M., Grafman, J. H., Haberg, A. K., et al. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jnsb2 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Montenigro, P. H., Baugh, C. M., Daneshvar, D. H., Mez, J., Budson, A. E., Au, R., Katz, D. I., Cantu, R. C., & Stern, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stern, Robert A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2014-09-24
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5-8
- Pages
- 68-68
- ISSN
- 1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4288217
- OpenAlex
- W2156511539
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH, W81XWH-13-2-, W81XWH1320064, W81XWH-13)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (AG13846, P30 AG13846)
- National Institutes of Health (W81XWH, AG13846)
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (BAA-11-65)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG013846, R01AG008122)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA129769)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01NS086659)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, clinical subtypes, Research Diagnostic Criteria, repetitive head impacts, concussion, boxers, American football players, military veterans, cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, neurodegenerative diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
