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Cited by 186Food Security and Socioeconomic DynamicsFood Security and Health in Diverse PopulationsChild Nutrition and Water Access

A systematic literature review of indicators measuring food security

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Manikas, Ioannis, Ali, Beshir M., Sundarakani, Balan·2023·Agriculture & Food Security
DOI 10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7PMC PMC10161169
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Abstract

Measurement is critical for assessing and monitoring food security. Yet, it is difficult to comprehend which food security dimensions, components, and levels the numerous available indicators reflect. We thus conducted a systematic literature review to analyse the scientific evidence on these indicators to comprehend the food security dimensions and components covered, intended purpose, level of analysis, data requirements, and recent developments and concepts applied in food security measurement. Data analysis of 78 articles shows that the household-level calorie adequacy indicator is the most frequently used (22%) as a sole measure of food security. The dietary diversity-based (44%) and experience-based (40%) indicators also find frequent use. The food utilisation (13%) and stability (18%) dimensions were seldom captured when measuring food security, and only three of the retrieved publications measured food security by considering all the four food security dimensions. The majority of the studies that applied calorie adequacy and dietary diversity-based indicators employed secondary data whereas most of the studies that applied experience-based indicators employed primary data, suggesting the convenience of collecting data for experience-based indicators than dietary-based indicators. We confirm that the estimation of complementary food security indicators consistently over time can help capture the different food security dimensions and components, and experience-based indicators are more suitable for rapid food security assessments. We suggest practitioners to integrate food consumption and anthropometry data in regular household living standard surveys for more comprehensive food security analysis. The results of this study can be used by food security stakeholders such as governments, practitioners and academics for briefs, teaching, as well as policy-related interventions and evaluations.

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  • The multidimensional approach provides a strong analytical foundation for quantitative research that seeks to explain how climate-induced water stress and migration pressures translate into measurable institutional strain.

    “This multidimensional approach provides a strong analytical foundation for quantitative research that seeks to explain how climate-induced water stress and migration pressures translate into measurable institutional strain (Manikas et al., 2023).”

    From Climate Security, Water Governance, and Resilience How Climate-Induced Water Stress and Migration Challenge State Capacity (2026) · cites this paper as Manikas et al., 2023

    The Introduction describes food security as multidimensional and discusses indicators and methods for measuring it; the Results also describe quantitative models of food security and resilience. Those passages support the general idea of a multidimensional approach to quantitative research, but they do not establish how climate-induced water stress and migration pressures produce measurable institutional strain. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Manikas, I., Ali, B. M., & Sundarakani, B.
Affiliations
University of Wollongong in Dubai (AE)
Corresponding author
Ali, Beshir M.
ORCID
Venue
Agriculture & Food Security
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-05-05
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
10-10
ISSN
2048-7010 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7
PMC
PMC10161169
OpenAlex
W4372348199
Cited by
186
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 59 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 10
FWCI
6.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Agriculture & Food Security (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates (1733833)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
Keywords
food security indicators, food security measurement, dietary diversity, food utilization, food security dimensions, anthropometry

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