Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on the Antimony and Some Trace Element Release from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) into the Bottled Drinking Water
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Heavy metals are considered as one of the major contaminants that can enter into the bottled waters. Antimony (Sb) is a contaminant, which may leach from the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into the water. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of antimony and other trace elements in bottled waters which was kept in varied storage conditions and temperatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five time-temperature treatments were carried out on five different brands of commercially available bottled waters. Heavy metal measurement was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method. Analysis of the collected data was processed by SPSS software. RESULTS: Antimony concentration was the main concern in our study. The concentrations increased in each of the sample during storage period at all temperatures. The results for different conditions were as follow: at 40°C, in outdoor and at room temperature the Sb concentrations were below the MCLs, i e. 6 ppb. However, at 65°C and 80°C for longer storage times Sb concentration exceeded the MCLs, and variations between the samples were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Storage time and temperature effects on the content of some other trace elements such as Al, Fe were also significant (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: By increasing the duration of storage time and temperatures, antimony leaching from the PET bottles into the bottled water increased. The concentration of Al demonstrated an increase in higher temperatures and storage duration, whereas the content of Fe demonstrated no significant differences.
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Contaminants originating in the chemical composition of plastic bottles are often found in bottled water; contamination type and concentration depend on the container type and storage conditions.
“Contaminants originating in the chemical composition of plastic bottles are often found in bottled water. Contamination type and concentration depend on the container type [62] and storage conditions, which affect the rate at which the chemicals leach into the water [73-75].”
From Bottled Water: An Evidence-Based Overview of Economic Viability, Environmental Impact, and Social Equity (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
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Antimony and PET Bottles: Checking Facts
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- Authors
- Molaee Aghaee, E., Alimohammadi, M., Nabizadeh, R., Jahed khaniki, G., Naseri, S., Mahvi, A. H., Yaghmaeian, K., Aslani, H., Nazmara, S., Mahmoudi, B., & Ghani, M.
- Affiliations
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Center for Water Quality Research (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Alimohammadi, Mahmood
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering
- Published
- 2014-11-13
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-133
- ISSN
- 1735-1979 (ISSN-L)
- 2052-336X
- PMC
- PMC4245802
- OpenAlex
- W2149478593
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (93-01-46-25274)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- antimony leaching, PET bottles, bottled water, storage temperature, storage time, heavy metal contamination, trace elements, aluminum, iron, maximum contaminant levels
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