The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer
Open accessAbstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) play an essential role in mediating response to chemotherapy and improving clinical outcomes in all subtypes of breast cancer. Triple negative breast cancers (TN) are most likely to have tumors with >50 % lymphocytic infiltrate, termed lymphocyte predominant breast cancer, and derive the greatest survival benefit from each 10 % increase in TIL. The majority of HER2+ breast cancers have similar level of immune infiltrate as TN breast cancer yet the presence of TILs has not shown the same survival benefit. For HER2+ breast cancers, type 1 T-cells, either increased TBET+ tumor infiltration or increased type 1 HER2-specific CD4+ T-cells in the peripheral blood, are associated with better outcomes. Hormone receptor positive HER2 negative tumors tend to have the least immune infiltrate yet are the only breast cancer subtype to show worse prognosis with increased FOXP3 regulatory T-cell infiltrate. Notably, all breast cancer subtypes have tumors with low, intermediate, or high TIL infiltrate. Tumors with high TILs may also have increased PD-L1 expression which might be the reason that TN breast cancer seems to demonstrate the most robust clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy but further investigation is needed. Tumors with intermediate or low levels of pre-treatment immune infiltrate, on the other hand, may benefit from an intervention that may increase TIL, particularly type 1 T-cells. Examples of these interventions include specific types of cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or vaccine therapy. Therefore, the systematic evaluation of TIL and specific populations of TIL may be able to both guide prognosis and the appropriate sequencing of therapies in breast cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti–PD-1 antibody in cancer
Topalian, S. L., Hodi, F. S., Brahmer, J. R., Gettinger, S. N., Smith, D. C., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Atkins, M. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200690 · Cited by 12,628
Apetoh, L., Ghiringhelli, F., Tesniere, A., Obeid, M., Ortiz, C., Criollo, A., Mignot, G., Maiuri, M. C., Ullrich, E., Saulnier, P., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1622 · Cited by 3,056 · cited 2×
“[44].”
BackgroundType I interferons in anticancer immunity
Zitvogel, L., Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., Smyth, M. J., & Kroemer, G. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3845 · Cited by 1,305
Stagg, J., Loi, S., Divisekera, U., Ngiow, S. F., Duret, H., Yagita, H., Teng, M. W., & Smyth, M. J. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1016569108 · Cited by 496
Immune changes in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with taxanes
Tsavaris, N., Kosmas, C., Vadiaka, M., Kanelopoulos, P., & Boulamatsis, D. (2002) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600347 · Cited by 343
Wan, S., Pestka, S., Jubin, R. G., Lyu, Y. L., Tsai, Y.-C., & Liu, L. F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032542 · Cited by 295
West, N. R., Kost, S. E., Martin, S. D., Milne, K., deLeeuw, R. J., Nelson, B. H., & Watson, P. H. (2013) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.524 · Cited by 268
Shi, Y., Fan, X., Deng, H., Brezski, R. J., Rycyzyn, M., Jordan, R. E., Strohl, W. R., Zou, Q., Zhang, N., & An, Z. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1402891 · Cited by 195
Cited by
Dirix, L. Y., Takacs, I., Jerusalem, G., Nikolinakos, P., Arkenau, H.-T., Forero-Torres, A., Boccia, R., Lippman, M. E., Somer, R., Smakal, M., et al. (2018) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4537-5 · Cited by 746
Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: What Are We Missing?
Vonderheide, R. H., Domchek, S. M., & Clark, A. S. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2569 · Cited by 233
Lampert, E. J., Zimmer, A., Padget, M., Cimino-Mathews, A., Nair, J. R., Liu, Y., Swisher, E. M., Hodge, J. W., Nixon, A. B., Nichols, E., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0056 · Cited by 220
Ogier du Terrail, J., Leopold, A., Joly, C., Béguier, C., Andreux, M., Maussion, C., Schmauch, B., Tramel, E. W., Bendjebbar, E., Zaslavskiy, M., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02155-w · Cited by 217
Li, Y., Dong, B., Wu, W., Wang, J., Jin, H., Chen, K., Huang, K., Huang, S., & Yao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.865121 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Stanton, S. E., & Disis, M. L.
- Venue
- Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-10-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-59
- ISSN
- 2051-1426 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2521963431
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 11.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s40425-016-0165-6
- The paper
- Stanton, S. E., & Disis, M. L. (2016). Clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-016-0165-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
