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Cited by 33Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsDental materials and restorationsDental Trauma and Treatments

Torque differences due to the material variation of the orthodontic appliance: a finite element study

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Papageorgiou, Spyridon N., Keilig, Ludger, Vandevska-Radunovic, Vaska, Eliades, Theodore, Bourauel, Christoph·2017·Progress in Orthodontics
DOI 10.1186/s40510-017-0161-5PMC PMC5326743
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Torque of the maxillary incisors is crucial to occlusal relationship and esthetics and can be influenced by many factors. The aim of this study was to assess the relative influence of the material of the orthodontic appliance (adhesive, bracket, ligature, and wire) on tooth displacements and developed stresses/strains after torque application. METHODS: A three-dimensional upper right central incisor with its periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolus was modeled. A 0.018-in. slot discovery® (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) bracket with a rectangular 0.018 x 0.025-in. wire was generated. The orthodontic appliance varied in the material of its components: adhesive (composite resin or resin-modified glass ionomer cement), bracket (titanium, steel, or ceramic), wire (beta-titanium or steel), and ligature (elastomeric or steel). A total of 24 models were generated, and a palatal root torque of 5° was applied. Afterwards, crown and apex displacement, strains in the PDL, and stresses in the bracket were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: The labial crown displacement and the palatal root displacement of the tooth were mainly influenced by the material of the wire (up to 150% variation), followed by the material of the bracket (up to 19% variation). The magnitude of strains developed in the PDL was primarily influenced by the material of the wire (up to 127% variation), followed by the material of the bracket (up to 30% variation) and the ligature (up to 13% variation). Finally, stresses developed at the bracket were mainly influenced by the material of the wire (up to 118% variation) and the bracket (up to 59% variation). CONCLUSIONS: The material properties of the orthodontic appliance and all its components should be considered during torque application. However, these in silico results need to be validated in vivo before they can be clinically extrapolated.

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  • Biomechanical differences in applied force magnitude, torque expression, and frictional resistance have been reported between elastomeric and steel ligatures.

    “Biomechanically, differences in applied force magnitude, torque expression, and frictional resistance have been reported between elastomeric and steel ligatures [60–62].”

    From Influence of elastomeric and steel ligatures on periodontal health during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [61]

    The Results (Table 3; page unavailable) show differences in tooth displacement and periodontal-ligament strain between elastomeric and steel ligatures after torque application. The Methods describe a fixed bracket–wire friction coefficient, but the paper does not report a comparison of applied force magnitude or frictional resistance between the ligatures. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Papageorgiou, S. N., Keilig, L., Vandevska-Radunovic, V., Eliades, T., & Bourauel, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author
Papageorgiou, Spyridon N.
ORCID
Venue
Progress in Orthodontics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-02-27
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
6-6
ISSN
  • 1723-7785 (ISSN-L)
  • 2196-1042
DOI
10.1186/s40510-017-0161-5
PMC
PMC5326743
OpenAlex
W2584965956
Cited by
33
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4
FWCI
2.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Progress in Orthodontics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
Forschungsgemeinschaft Dental (FGD) (N/A)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Dental Trauma and Treatments
Keywords
maxillary incisors, bracket material, beta-titanium wire, composite resin adhesive, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, elastomeric ligatures, tooth displacement, finite element analysis
MeSH terms
Alveolar Process, Models, Dental, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Incisor, Orthodontic Appliances, Orthodontic Wires, Periodontal Ligament, Orthodontic Brackets, Torque, Finite Element Analysis

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