Overlooked Holmes’ clinical signs: reevaluation by recent physiological findings
Open accessAbstract
Holmes proposed not only the term ataxia, but also opposite clinical signs related to muscle recruitment, which have escaped clinical attention; (1) asthenia, representing delay in initiating muscle contraction and slowness in attaining exertion of full power, and (2) adventitiousness, representing adventitious movements. Recent physiological studies have shown that cerebellar outputs are modified by release or facilitation of Purkinje cell-mediated inhibition on dentate neurons. We believe that asthenia and adventitiousness, which correlate with deficits in the control of disinhibition and inhibition, respectively, deserve more attention in clinical examination.
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The delay in cerebellar ataxia patients may be explained by poor recruitment of facilitation in DN due to a decrease in the disinhibition of DNCs (asthenia).
“The delay may be explained as poor recruitment of facilitation in DN due to a decrease in the disinhibition of DNCs, i.e., asthenia (Ishikawa et al., 2015).”
From The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as Ishikawa et al., 2015
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THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE CEREBELLAR INJURIES DUE TO GUNSHOT INJURIES
Holmes, G. (1917) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/40.4.461 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: Revisiting the Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Syndrome
Bodranghien, F. C. A. A., Bastian, A. J., Casali, C., Hallett, M., Louis, E. D., Manto, M. U., Mariën, P., Nowak, D. A., Schmahmann, J. D., Serrao, M., et al. (2015) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0687-3 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Ishikawa, T., Tomatsu, S., Tsunoda, Y., Lee, J., Hoffman, D. S., & Kakei, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108774 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationLuciani's work on the cerebellum a century later
Manni, E., & Petrosini, L. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)10077-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Il cervelletto; nuovi studi di fisiologia normale e pathologica
Luciani, L., & Marchi, V. (1893) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1411918 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review
Tanaka, H., Ishikawa, T., Lee, J., & Kakei, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2020.00019 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationTsiortou, P., Alexopoulos, H., & Dalakas, M. C. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/17562864211003486 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
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Mitoma, H., Manto, M. U., & Hampe, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2017/2913297 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationContribution of the cerebellum to predictive motor control and its evaluation in ataxic patients
Kakei, S., Lee, J., Mitoma, H., Tanaka, H., Manto, M., & Hampe, C. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00216 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar Cortex as a Therapeutic Target for Neurostimulation
van Dun, K., Mitoma, H., & Manto, M. U. (2018) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-018-0976-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in the Treatment of Cerebellar Disorders
Mitoma, H., Manto, M. U., & Gandini, J. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10010011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in the Pathogenesis of Auto-antibody-Induced Cerebellar Synaptopathies
Mitoma, H., & Manto, M. U. (2022) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01359-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationHonda, T., Mitoma, H., Yoshida, H., Bando, K., Terashi, H., Taguchi, T., Miyata, Y., Kumada, S., Hanakawa, T., Aizawa, H., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00179 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar long-term depression and auto-immune target of auto-antibodies: the concept of LTDpathies
Mitoma, H., Honnorat, J., Yamaguchi, K., & Manto, M. U. (2021) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-020-00024-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiological and Morphological Principles Underpinning Recruitment of the Cerebellar Reserve
Kakei, S., Ishikawa, T., Lee, J., Honda, T., & Hoffman, D. S. (2018) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527317666180315164429 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of Rehabilitation for Upper Limb Ataxia
Kakei, S., Honda, T., Lee, J., Yoshida, H., Watanabe, M., Kondo, T., Mitoma, H., & Mizusawa, H. (2019) · リハビリテーション医学 : 日本リハビリテーション医学会誌 · doi:10.2490/jjrmc.56.94 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Ishikawa, T., Kakei, S., & Mitoma, H.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (JP)
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Mitoma, Hiroshi
- Venue
- Cerebellum & Ataxias
- Published
- 2015-11-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-13
- ISSN
- 2053-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4636821
- OpenAlex
- W2144924581
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cerebellum & Ataxias (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#26120003)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- cerebellar ataxia, asthenia, muscle recruitment, Purkinje cells, dentate nucleus, cerebellar inhibition, cerebellar output
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