Contribution of the cerebellum to predictive motor control and its evaluation in ataxic patients
Open accessAbstract
Goal-directed movements are predictive and multimodal in nature, especially for moving targets. For instance, during a reaching movement for a moving target, humans need to predict both motion of the target and movement of the limb. Recent computational studies show that the cerebellum predicts current and future states of the body and its environment using internal forward models. Sensory feedback signals from the periphery have delays in reaching the central nervous system, ranging between tens to hundreds of milliseconds. It is well known in engineering that feedback control based on time-delayed inputs can result in oscillatory and often unstable movements. In contrast, the brain predicts a current state from a previous state using forward models. This predictive mechanism most likely underpins stable and dexterous control of reaching movements. Although the cerebro-cerebellum has long been suggested as loci of various forward models, few methods are available to evaluate accuracy of the forward models in patients with cerebellar ataxia. Recently, we developed a non-invasive method to analyze receipt of motor commands in terms of movement kinematics for the wrist joint (Br/Kr ratio). In the present study, we have identified two components (F1 and F2) of the smooth pursuit movement. We found that the two components were in different control modes with different Br/Kr ratios. The major F1 component in a lower frequency range encodes both velocity and position of the moving target (higher Br/Kr ratio) to synchronize movement of the wrist joint with motion of the target in a predictive manner. The minor F2 component in a higher frequency range is biased to position control in order to generate intermittent small step-wise movements. In cerebellar patients, the F1 component shows a selective decrease in the Br/Kr ratio, which is correlated with decrease in accuracy of the pursuit movement. We conclude that the Br/Kr ratio of the F1 component provides a unique parameter to evaluate accuracy of the predictive control. We also discuss the pathophysiological and clinical implications for clinical ataxiology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cerebellar patients rely more importantly on visual feedback as compared to healthy controls as if they were missing an internal forward model.
“cerebellar patients rely more importantly on visual feedback as compared to healthy controls as if they were missing an internal forward model (Day et al., 1998; Bhanpuri et al., 2013; Kakei et al., 2019; Tanaka et al., 2020; Zimmet et al., 2020).”
From The Forward Model: A Unifying Theory for the Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Control and Sense of Agency (2021) · cites this paper as Kakei et al., 2019
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports impaired forward-model prediction in cerebellar patients while their corrective control based on sensory feedback remains intact; it also suggests that delayed prediction may force greater dependence on feedback control. The paper does not establish that patients rely more specifically on visual feedback than healthy controls. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome deficits observed in cerebellar patients could be explained by an impaired forward model resulting in increased dependence on delayed visual feedback.
“Altogether, this suggests that some of the deficits observed in cerebellar patients could be explained by an impaired forward model resulting in increased dependence on delayed visual feedback (Kakei et al., 2019; Cabaraux et al., 2020; Tanaka et al., 2020; Zimmet et al., 2020).”
From The Forward Model: A Unifying Theory for the Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Control and Sense of Agency (2021) · cites this paper as Kakei et al., 2019
The Introduction says cerebellar patients may have impaired forward-model prediction while retaining sensory-feedback control. The Discussion says delayed prediction may force them to depend on feedback control, destabilizing wrist movement. Although the task used a visible cursor and target (Materials and Methods), the paper does not specifically establish increased dependence on delayed visual feedback rather than sensory feedback more generally; no page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe prediction delayed by this amount is no longer predictive and may force patients to rely on pure feedback control, further destabilizing the ataxic wrist movement.
“The prediction delayed by this amount is no longer predictive and may force the patients to rely on the pure feedback control, further destabilizing the wrist movement ataxic (Kakei et al., 2019).”
From The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as Kakei et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An internal model for sensorimotor integration
Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z., & Jordan, M. I. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7569931 · Cited by 3,553 · see citing works
Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination
Todorov, E., & Jordan, M. I. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn963 · Cited by 3,081 · see citing works
Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning.
Kawato, M. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00028-8 · Cited by 2,685 · see citing works
Internal models in the cerebellum
Wolpert, D. M., Miall, R. C., & Kawato, M. (1998) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01221-2 · Cited by 2,469 · see citing works
Forward Models for Physiological Motor Control
Miall, R. C., & Wolpert, D. M. (1996) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(96)00035-4 · Cited by 2,260 · see citing works
Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control
Shadmehr, R., Smith, M. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135 · Cited by 1,869 · see citing works
Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements
Desmurget, M., & Grafton, S. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01537-0 · Cited by 1,300 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The computation of a forward model contributes to predictive control in the presence of considerable delays in sensory feedback (Desmurget and Grafton, 2000).”
A computational neuroanatomy for motor control
Shadmehr, R., & Krakauer, J. W. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1280-5 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Is the cerebellum a Smith predictor?
Miall, R. C., Weir, D. J., Wolpert, D. M., & Stein, J. F. (1993) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1993.9942050 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Sensory prediction errors drive cerebellum-dependent adaptation of reaching
Tseng, Y.-W., Diedrichsen, J., Krakauer, J. W., Shadmehr, R., & Bastian, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00266.2007 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2136 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning to predict the future: the cerebellum adapts feedforward movement control
Bastian, A. J. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.08.016 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
The cerebellum is involved in predicting the sensory consequences of action
Blakemore, S.-J., Frith, C. D., & Wolpert, D. M. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200107030-00023 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Methodological aspects of SEMG recordings for force estimation – A tutorial and review
Staudenmann, D., Roeleveld, K., Stegeman, D. F., & van Dieën, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.08.005 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Primary motor cortex underlies multi-joint integration for fast feedback control
Pruszynski, J. A., Kurtzer, I. L., Nashed, J. Y., Omrani, M., Brouwer, B. J., & Scott, S. H. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10436 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Disruption of state estimation in the human lateral cerebellum
Miall, R. C., Christensen, L. O. D., Cain, O., & Stanley, J. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050316 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of cerebellar ataxia
Diener, H., & DICHGANS, J. (1992) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870070202 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Widespread access to predictive models in the motor system: a short review
Davidson, P. R., & Wolpert, D. M. (2005) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/2/3/s11 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Internal forward models in the cerebellum: fMRI study on grip force and load force coupling
Kawato, M., Kuroda, T., Imamizu, H., Nakano, E., Miyauchi, S., & Yoshioka, T. (2003) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)42013-x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Intermittency in Human Manual Tracking Tasks
Miall, R. C., Weir, J. P., & Stein, J. F. (1993) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1993.9941639 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Koike, Y., & Kawato, M. (1995) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00199465 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Mannard, A., & Stein, R. B. (1973) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010138 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The Cerebellum Updates Predictions about the Visual Consequences of One's Behavior
Synofzik, M., Lindner, A., & Thier, P. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.071 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
ANALYSIS OF CEREBELLAR MOTOR DISORDERS BY VISUALLY-GUIDED ELBOW TRACKING MOVEMENT
Beppu, H., Nagaoka, M., & Tanaka, R. (1987) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/110.1.1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Cerebellum, Predictions and Errors
Popa, L. S., & Ebner, T. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00524 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Cerebellar Ataxias
Mitoma, H., Adhikari, K., Aeschlimann, D. P., Chattopadhyay, P. P., Hadjivassiliou, M., Hampe, C. S., Honnorat, J., Joubert, B., Kakei, S., Lee, J., et al. (2015) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0664-x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellum Predicts the Future Motor State
Ebner, T. J., & Pasalar, S. (2008) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-008-0059-3 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Force field effects on cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge with implications for internal models
Pasalar, S., Roitman, A. V., Durfee, W. K., & Ebner, T. J. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1783 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Sensorimotor transformations in cortical motor areas
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (2003) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(03)00031-2 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationEncoding of sensory prediction errors in the human cerebellum
Schlerf, J., Ivry, R. B., & Diedrichsen, J. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4504-11.2012 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The mechanical behavior of the human forearm in response to transient perturbations
Lacquaniti, F., Licata, F., & Soechting, J. F. (1982) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00353954 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Feedback control during voluntary motor actions
Scott, S. H., Cluff, T., Lowrey, C. R., & Takei, T. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.03.006 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The cerebro-cerebellum: Could it be loci of forward models?
Ishikawa, T., Tomatsu, S., Izawa, J., & Kakei, S. (2015) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.12.003 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar rTMS disrupts predictive language processing
Lesage, E., Morgan, B. E., Olson, A. C., Meyer, A. S., & Miall, R. C. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.006 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Shin, D., Kim, J., & Koike, Y. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00584.2007 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Goal-Dependent Modulation of Fast Feedback Responses in Primary Motor Cortex
Pruszynski, J. A., Omrani, M., & Scott, S. H. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4520-13.2014 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.1.319 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Dynamic multisensory integration: somatosensory speed trumps visual accuracy during feedback control
Crevecoeur, F., Munoz, D. P., & Scott, S. H. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0184-16.2016 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Soechting, J. F., & Lacquaniti, F. (1988) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.4.1296 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The role of the cerebellum for predictive control of grasping
Nowak, D. A., Topka, H. R., Timmann, D., Boecker, H., & Hermsdörfer, J. (2007) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1080/14734220600776379 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Menegoni, F., Milano, E., Trotti, C., Galli, M., Bigoni, M., Baudo, S., & Mauro, A. (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02396.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Ishikawa, T., Tomatsu, S., Tsunoda, Y., Lee, J., Hoffman, D. S., & Kakei, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108774 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural evidence of the cerebellum as a state predictor
Tanaka, H., Ishikawa, T., & Kakei, S. (2019) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-018-0996-4 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationRapid visuomotor feedback gains are tuned to the task dynamics
Franklin, S., Wolpert, D. M., & Franklin, D. W. (2017) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00748.2016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Long-latency reflexes for inter-effector coordination reflect a continuous state feedback controller
Crevecoeur, F., & Kurtzer, I. L. (2018) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00205.2018 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cerebellar ataxia: quantitative assessment and cybernetic interpretation.
Sanguineti, V., Morasso, P., Baratto, L., Brichetto, G., Mancardi, G. L., & Solaro, C. (2003) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(02)00159-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Canonical Correlation Analysis
(2004) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods · doi:10.4135/9781412950589.n83 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fractionation of the visuomotor feedback response to directions of movement and perturbation
Franklin, D. W., Franklin, S., & Wolpert, D. M. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00377.2013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A New Method for Functional Evaluation of Motor Commands in Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia
Lee, J., Kagamihara, Y., & Kakei, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132983 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Functional Role of the Cerebellum in Visually Guided Tracking Movement
Lee, J., Kagamihara, Y., Tomatsu, S., & Kakei, S. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-012-0370-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationManto, M. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000117289 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative evaluation of movement disorders in neurological diseases based on EMG signals
Lee, J.-H., Kagamihara, Y., & Kakei, S. (2008) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2008.4649120 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationOverlooked Holmes’ clinical signs: reevaluation by recent physiological findings
Ishikawa, T., Kakei, S., & Mitoma, H. (2015) · Cerebellum & Ataxias · doi:10.1186/s40673-015-0033-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation[A quantitative analysis of ataxia in the upper limbs].
Nakanishi, R., Yamanaga, H., Okumura, C., Murayama, N., & IDETA, T. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Quantitative evaluation of cerebellar ataxia based on pathological patterns of the muscle activities
Lee, J., Kagamihara, Y., & Kakei, S. (2013) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6609647 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review
Tanaka, H., Ishikawa, T., Lee, J., & Kakei, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2020.00019 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationConsensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders
Mitoma, H., Buffo, A., Gelfo, F., Guell, X., Fucà, E., Kakei, S., Lee, J., Manto, M. U., Petrosini, L., Shaikh, A. G., et al. (2019) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01091-9 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationWelniarz, Q., Worbe, Y., & Gallea, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.644059 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward
Manto, M. U., Adamaszek, M., Apps, R., Carlson, E. S., Guarque‐Chabrera, J., Heleven, E., Kakei, S., Khodakhah, K., Kuo, S., Lin, C.-Y. R., et al. (2024) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-024-01702-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationAntonioni, A., Raho, E. M., Straudi, S., Granieri, E., Koch, G., & Fadiga, L. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105830 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dysmetria and errors in predictions: the role of internal forward model
Cabaraux, P., Gandini, J., Kakei, S., Manto, M., Mitoma, H., & Tanaka, H. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186900 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationKakei, S., Manto, M. U., Tanaka, H., & Mitoma, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.694653 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Human Cerebellum as a Hub of the Predictive Brain
Gatti, D., Rinaldi, L., Ferreri, L., & Vecchi, T. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111492 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Neurophysiology of cerebellar ataxias and gait disorders
Manto, M. U., Serrao, M., Castiglia, S. F., Timmann, D., Tzvi, E., Pan, M., Kuo, S., & Ugawa, Y. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cnp.2023.07.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in the Treatment of Cerebellar Disorders
Mitoma, H., Manto, M. U., & Gandini, J. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10010011 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationThe underpinnings of cerebellar ataxias
Manto, M. U. (2022) · Clinical Neurophysiology Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cnp.2022.11.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in the Pathogenesis of Auto-antibody-Induced Cerebellar Synaptopathies
Mitoma, H., & Manto, M. U. (2022) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01359-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationShared internal models for feedforward and feedback control of arm dynamics in non‐human primates
Maeda, R. S., Kersten, R., & Pruszynski, J. A. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15056 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Moumdjian, L., Feys, P., Moens, B., Manto, M. U., Cabaraux, P., Weijmeersch, B. V., Kotz, S. A., Leman, M., & Rosso, M. (2025) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebellar long-term depression and auto-immune target of auto-antibodies: the concept of LTDpathies
Mitoma, H., Honnorat, J., Yamaguchi, K., & Manto, M. U. (2021) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-020-00024-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationBogaert, A., Romanò, F., Cabaraux, P., Feys, P., & Moumdjian, L. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2248886 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Choi, W., Lee, J., & Li, L. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10020621 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, Y., Zhang, M., Wu, H., Jing, S., Zhou, T., & Masahiro Todoh, A. (2024) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-023-04796-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The cerebellum monitors errors and entrains executive networks
André, P., Cantore, N., Lucibello, L., Migliaccio, P., Rossi, B., Carboncini, M. C., Aloisi, A. M., Manzoni, D., & Arrighi, P. (2023) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148730 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Is inferior olive central to the pathophysiology of essential tremor? No
Manto, M. U. (2022) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFish couple forecasting with feedback control to chase and capture moving prey
Martin, B. T., Sparks, D., Hein, A. M., & Liao, J. C. (2024) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.1463 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Choi, W., Yanagihara, N., Li, L., Kim, J., & Lee, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251371 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, S., Min, K., Kim, Y., Igarashi, S., Kim, D., Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23239443 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen direction matters: Neural correlates of interlimb coordination of rhythm and beat
Mårup, S. H., Kleber, B., Møller, C. M., & Vuust, P. (2023) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Matsugi, A., Nishishita, S., Bando, K., Kikuchi, Y., Tsujimoto, K., Tanabe, Y., Yoshida, N., Tanaka, H., Douchi, S., Honda, T., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41088-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Input-Output Organization of the Cerebrocerebellum as Kalman Filter
Kakei, S., Tanaka, H., Ishikawa, T., Tomatsu, S., & Lee, J. (2021) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75817-2_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMoumdjian, L., Moens, B., Manto, M., Cabaraux, P., Wijmeersch, B. V., Kos, D., Leman, M., & Feys, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12316-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMultidimensional Functional Phenotyping in Children with Joubert Syndrome: A Pilot Case Series
Mański, Ł., Moluszys, A., Góra, A., Wasilewska, E., Rosa, A., Szczałuba, K., Szymańska, K., & Wierzba, J. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16030305 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Graciani, Z., de Moraes, Í. A. P., Alberissi, C. A. D. O., Prado‐Rico, J. M., da Silva, T. D., Martinez, J. P., de Araújo, L. V., Pontes, R. G., Fernandes, S. M. D. S., Barbosa, R. C. C., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312705 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cerebellar Reserve: From Theoretical Framework to Therapeutic Strategy
Mitoma, H., & Manto, M. U. (2021) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75817-2_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationKakei, S., Manto, M. U., Tanaka, H., & Mitoma, H. (2023) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26128-2_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatosensory rhythms and cerebellar-basal ganglia beta-band dynamics in Parkinson’s diseasePreprint
Pando‐Naude, V., & Andersen, L. M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.653735
Gao, H., Fukuda, S., Futamura, M., Kawasaki, T., Hamada, N., Mori, N., Hosomi, K., & Hiraoka, K. (2026) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-026-01992-6
- Authors
- Kakei, S., Lee, J., Mitoma, H., Tanaka, H., Manto, M., & Hampe, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (JP)
- Komatsu University (JP)
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JP)
- University of Mons (BE)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kakei, Shinji
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-06-26
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 216-216
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6608258
- OpenAlex
- W2953987795
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (16ek0109048h0003)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17K01496)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- cerebellum, predictive motor control, forward model, cerebellar ataxia, smooth pursuit eye movements, position control, speed control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
