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Cited by 21Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsBirth, Development, and Health

The risk of diabetes after giving birth to a macrosomic infant: data from the NHANES cohort

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Miller, Corrie, Lim, Eunjung·2021·Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
DOI 10.1186/s40748-021-00132-8PMC PMC8114492
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Abstract

Aims: Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and thus warrants earlier and more frequent screening. Women who give birth to a macrosomic infant, as defined as a birthweight greater than 9 lbs. (or approximately 4000 g), are encouraged to also get early type 2 diabetes screening, as macrosomia may be a surrogate marker for GDM. This study investigates whether a macrosomic infant, as defined as 9lbs, apart from GDM, increases the risk for diabetes later in life. Methods: Data on parous women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016 were utilized. Rates of diabetes were compared in those with and without macrosomic infants in Rao-Scott’s chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the independent effect of macrosomia on type 2 diabetes controlling for the confounding covariates and adjusting for the complex sampling design. To investigate how onset time affects diabetes, we implemented Cox proportional hazard regressions on time to have diabetes. Results: Among 10,089 parous women, macrosomia significantly increased the risk of maternal diabetes later in life in the chi-square test and logistic regression. Independent of GDM, women who deliver a macrosomic infant have a 20% higher chance of developing diabetes compared to women who did not. The expected hazards of having type 2 diabetes is 1.66 times higher in a woman with macrosomic infant compared to counterparts. Conclusions: Women who gave birth to a macrosomic infant in the absence of GDM should be offered earlier and more frequent screening for type 2 diabetes.

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  • Delivery of a macrosomic child may increase the risk of both GDM and DM2 by up to 20%.

    “The delivery of a macrosomic child is another important factor that may increase the risk of both GDM and DM2 by up to 20% [15].”

    From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]

    The Abstract Results and Discussion report a 20% higher risk of later type 2 diabetes among women who delivered a macrosomic infant, independent of GDM. They do not report a 20% increase in the risk of GDM; the Discussion instead describes macrosomia as a possible marker of a pregnancy affected by GDM. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Authors
Miller, C., & Lim, E.
Affiliations
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Corresponding author
Miller, Corrie
ORCID
Venue
Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-05-12
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
12-12
ISSN
2054-958X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s40748-021-00132-8
PMC
PMC8114492
OpenAlex
W3161157327
Cited by
21
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
FWCI
3.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Maternal Health Neonatology and Perinatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • RMATRIX (U54MD007584)
  • OLA Hawaii (U54MD007601)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
macrosomia, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum diabetes risk, diabetes screening, birth weight, parous women, NHANES cohort

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