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Cited by 61Multilevel Inverters and ConvertersPower Systems and Renewable EnergyAdvanced DC-DC Converters

Power converters for battery energy storage systems connected to medium voltage systems: a comprehensive review

Open access
Xavier, Lucas S., Amorim, William C. S., Cupertino, Allan F., Mendes, Victor F., do Boaventura, Wallace C., Pereira, Heverton A.·2019·BMC Energy
DOI 10.1186/s42500-019-0006-5
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Abstract

Recent works have highlighted the growth of battery energy storage system (BESS) in the electrical system. In the scenario of high penetration level of renewable energy in the distributed generation, BESS plays a key role in the effort to combine a sustainable power supply with a reliable dispatched load. Several power converter topologies can be employed to connect BESS to the grid. There is no defined and standardized solution, especially for medium voltage applications. This work aims to carry out a literature review on the main converter topologies used in BESS and highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of each one. The topologies used for each conversion stage are presented and their combinations are analyzed. In addition, the different services that BESS can carry out when connected to the distribution system are analyzed in order to demonstrate all the main contributions to the electrical systems. Finally, a case study is performed to compare and analyze the converter topologies for BESS, considering some aspects such as efficiency, power quality and number of components.

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  • The equality constraints for the ORPD problem are typical nonlinear power flow equations for three-phase unbalanced distribution networks.

    “The equality constraints for the ORPD problem are typical nonlinear power flow equations for three-phase unbalanced DNs [22,23].”

    From Dynamic Optimal Power Dispatch in Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Single-Phase Solar PV Units and BESS (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The BESS control strategies section discusses converter current control and reactive-power references, not equality constraints for optimal reactive power dispatch. Searches for ORPD and three-phase unbalanced distribution-network power-flow equations found no passage addressing the claim. The indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The hybrid PSOS-CGSA algorithm has demonstrated performance in solving various complex optimization problems such as distribution system state estimation, dynamic economic dispatch, and optimal power flow in distribution networks.

    “Its performance in terms of simplicity, efficiency and robustness has been demonstrated in solving various complex optimization problems such as distribution system state estimation [23], dynamic economic dispatch [26], and optimal power flow in DNs [12].”

    From Dynamic Optimal Power Dispatch in Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Single-Phase Solar PV Units and BESS (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The BESS control strategies section discusses converter power and current control, not the PSOS-CGSA algorithm. Searches for PSOS-CGSA, distribution system state estimation, dynamic economic dispatch, and optimal power flow found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed performance. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Xavier, L. S., Amorim, W. C. S., Cupertino, A. F., Mendes, V. F., do Boaventura, W. C., & Pereira, H. A.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
  • Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (BR)
  • Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BR)
Corresponding author
Pereira, Heverton A.
ORCID
Venue
BMC Energy
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-07-16
Volume
1
Issue
1
ISSN
2524-4469 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s42500-019-0006-5
OpenAlex
W2956601010
Cited by
61
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2
FWCI
1.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Cemig (1241)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
Keywords
battery energy storage, power converters, converter topology, medium-voltage grid connection, distribution systems, renewable energy integration, grid services, power quality, converter efficiency, component count

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