Effects of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro
Open accessAbstract
The standard procedure for the osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells is treatment of a confluent monolayer with a cocktail of dexamethasone (Dex), ascorbic acid (Asc) and β-glycerophosphate (β-Gly). This review describes the effects of these substances on intracellular signaling cascades that lead to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stroma-derived stem cells. We conclude that Dex induces Runx2 expression by FHL2/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation and that Dex enhances Runx2 activity by upregulation of TAZ and MKP1. Asc leads to the increased secretion of collagen type I (Col1), which in turn leads to increased Col1/α2β1 integrin-mediated intracellular signaling. The phosphate from β-Gly serves as a source for the phosphate in hydroxylapatite and in addition influences intracellular signaling molecules. In this context we give special attention to the differences between dystrophic and bone-specific mineralization.
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Silk fibroin can trigger Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway-dependent Runx2 expression in osteoprogenitor cells without dexamethasone additives.
“These results indicate that silk fibroin can trigger Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-dependent Runx2 expression in osteoprogenitor cells without dexamethasone additives [34].”
From Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
The Dexamethasone section (page unavailable) describes Wnt/β-catenin-dependent Runx2 expression in osteogenic differentiation. It attributes the mechanism to dexamethasone-induced FHL2 activity, however, and does not report that silk fibroin triggers it without dexamethasone. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSignificant mineral deposition was observed when silk fibroin was co-cultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro for 12 days.
“Significant mineral deposition was observed when silk fibroin was co-cultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro for 12 days.”
From Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
The Introduction and β-Glycerophosphate section discuss osteogenic differentiation and mineralization generally, but do not describe the claimed experiment. Searches for silk fibroin, rat BMSCs, and 12-day mineral deposition found no passage addressing that result in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Sharma, A. K., Roberts, R. L., Benson, R. D., Pierce, J. L., Yu, K., Hamrick, M. W., & McGee-Lawrence, M. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00354 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“…that is commonly added to osteogenic cultures at low dosages (e.g., 100 nM) to enhance osteoblastic differentiation (Yamanouchi et al., 2001; Langenbach and Handschel, 2013; Yuasa et al., 2015), but can also affect osteoblastic cell metabolism and apoptosis particularly at higher…”
BackgroundLi, X., Liang, T., Dai, B., Chang, L., Zhang, Y., Hu, S., Guo, J., Xu, S., Zheng, L., Yao, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci166795 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review
Zhu, S., Zhang, Q., Xu, X., Liu, Z., Cheng, G., Long, D., Cheng, L., & Dai, F. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17060772 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“These results indicate that silk fibroin can trigger Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway-dependent Runx2 expression in osteoprogenitor cells without dexamethasone additives [34].”
Ghosh, S., Shajahan, F., Adhikari, J., Bera, A. K., Ghosh, A., & Pati, F. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c22349 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Langenbach, F., & Handschel, J.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Langenbach, Fabian
- ORCID
- Langenbach, Fabian
- Venue
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2013-09-30
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 117-117
- ISSN
- 1757-6512 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3854789
- OpenAlex
- W2033524865
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Keywords
- osteogenic differentiation, dexamethasone, vitamin C, beta-glycerophosphate, mesenchymal stem cells, Runx2, FHL2, β-catenin, TAZ, MKP-1, type I collagen, hydroxyapatite, intracellular signaling
- MeSH terms
- Ascorbic Acid, Bone Marrow Cells, Dexamethasone, Glycerophosphates, Humans, Osteogenesis, Signal Transduction, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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