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Towards a standardised brief outcome measure: Psychometric properties and utility of the CORE–OM
Open accessAbstract
Background: An acceptable, standardised outcome measure to assess efficacy and effectiveness is needed across multiple disciplines offering psychological therapies. Aims: To present psychometric data on reliability, validity and sensitivity to change for the CORE–OM (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure). Method: A 34-item self-report instrument was developed, with domains of subjective well-being, symptoms, function and risk. Analysis includes internal reliability, test–retest reliability, socio-demographic differences, exploratory principal-component analysis, correlations with other instruments, differences between clinical and non-clinical samples and assessment of change within a clinical group. Results: Internal and test–retest reliability were good (0.75–0.95), as was convergent validity with seven other instruments, with large differences between clinical and non-clinical samples and good sensitivity to change. Conclusions: The CORE–OM is a reliable and valid instrument with good sensitivity to change. It is acceptable in a wide range of practice settings.
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“The CORE-OM is a well-validated, reliable, and widely used outcome measure of psychological treatments (Barkham et al. 2006;Barkham, Mullin, Leach, Stiles, & Lucock, 2007;Evans et al., 2002).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: A feasibility and proof of concept study. (2020) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both CORE-OM and CORE-10 have shown good psychometric properties [55, 56].”
From Measuring the Effect of the Early assessment Team (MEET) for patients referred to outpatient mental health care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The CORE-OM has excellent internal consistency in clinical samples (α=.94) and for each of its subscales (α=.75-.94); it also has good test-retest reliability (P=.83) [73].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
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“The CORE-OM has published evidence of reliability and validity [29,30] and has been used in previous UK mental health trials [31].”
From Development and evaluation of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions for under-served people in primary care (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
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de Beurs, E., Barendregt, M., de Heer, A., van Duijn, E., Goeree, B., Kloos, M., Kooiman, K., Lionarons, H., & Merks, A. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1954 · Cited by 29
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“ary mental health services (Evans et al., 2002).”
Self-citationQuantitative Approaches to Treatment Process, Change Process, and Process-Outcome Research
Gelo, O. C. G., & Manzo, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1382-0_13 · Cited by 31
The effects of psychological treatment in primary care in Sweden—A practice-based study
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Routine mental health outcome measurement in the UK
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“…measures used in the UK, and in particular normative data are published (Connell et al., 2007) and the test – retest reliability has been estimated (Evans et al., 2002) which allows the calculation of reliable and clinically signifi cant change using methods suggested by Jacobson & Truax…”
MethodThe Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ): a cross‐validation with a large clinical sample
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Victor, M., Lau, B., & Ruud, T. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4581-4 · Cited by 27
Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Piwowar, M., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, K. G. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.07.018 · Cited by 28
Outcome measurement in chronic mental illness
Trauer, T. (2010) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261003667525 · Cited by 26
“Two self-report instruments are the CORE-OM (Barkham, Gilbert, Connell, Marshall, & Twigg, 2005; Barkham, Mellor-Clark, Connell, & Cahill, 2006; Evans et al., 2002; Leach et al., 2005), comprising the domains of subjective well-being, symptoms, function and risk, and the OQ-45 (Lambert, Hansen, & Finch, 2001; Lambert…”
BackgroundInfluentialTestoni, I., Cecchini, C., Zulian, M., Guglielmin, M. S., Ronconi, L., Kirk, K., Berto, F., Guardigli, C., & da Cruz, A. S. M. R. (2017) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2017.12.007 · Cited by 27
Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing in England (RECOLLECT): rationale and protocol
Hayes, D., Henderson, C., Bakolis, I., Lawrence, V. C., Elliott, R. A., Ronaldson, A., Richards, G., Repper, J., Bates, P., Brewin, J., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04253-y · Cited by 29
The process of long-term art therapy: a case study combining artwork and clinical outcome
Greenwood, H., Leach, C., Lucock, M. P., & Noble, R. (2007) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300701227550 · Cited by 27
“The outcome measures included the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (COREOM: Barkham et al., 2001; Evans et al., 2002) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961).”
MethodMcFetridge, M. A., Milner, R., Gavin, V., & Levita, L. (2015) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000117 · Cited by 27
Broglia, E., Millings, A., & Barkham, M. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2070 · Cited by 27
Self-citationEloranta, A., Närhi, V. M., Ahonen, T. P. S., & Aro, T. I. (2019) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2018.1561698 · Cited by 28
Andersson, C., Bergsten, K. L., Lilliengren, P., Norbäck, K., Rask, K., Einhorn, S., & Osika, W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23092 · Cited by 34
Héðinsson, H., Kristjánsdóttir, H., Ólason, D. Þ., & Sigurðsson, J. F. (2012) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000136 · Cited by 26
Mokken scaling and principal components analyses of the CORE‐OM in a large clinical sample
Bedford, A., Watson, R. A., Lyne, J. D., Tibbles, J., Davies, F., & Deary, I. J. (2009) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.649 · Cited by 26
“17, 51–62 (2010) DOI: 10.1002/cpp taken by Evans et al. (2002) gave three factors: these were risk, positively worded items and negatively worded items, but this model also resulted in a poor fi t to the data.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEarly maladaptive schema, social functioning and distress in psychosis: A preliminary investigation
Taylor, C. D. J., & Harper, S. F. (2015) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12082 · Cited by 26
“Table 2 Spearman’s bivariate correlations (two-tailed probabilities) between early maladaptive schema, social functioning, and distress YSQ-S SFS total score CORE mean distress score”
BackgroundInfluentialAlves, P., Sales, C. M. D., & Ashworth, M. J. (2016) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-016-0070-5 · Cited by 26
“Two were standardised measures, namely, Treatment Outcomes Profile (TOP; [28]) and Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; [29]); and two were individualised, Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS, [30]) and Personal Questionnaire (PQ; [31]) (see Table 1 for more Alves et al.”
MethodBarkham, M., Gilbert, N. L., Richards, A., & Cameron, I. (2005) · Mental Health in Family Medicine · Cited by 26
Self-citationHiggins, C., Smith, B. H., & Matthews, K. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14768 · Cited by 26
Biolcati, R., Agostini, F., & Mancini, G. (2017) · Research in psychotherapy · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2017.272 · Cited by 27
“Clinically significant change is what moves a person from a score most characteristic of a clinical population to a score more typical of a non-clinical population (Jacobson & Truax, 1991; Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialForsell, E., Kraepelien, M., Blom, K., Isacsson, N. H., Jernelöv, S., Svanborg, C., Rosén, A., & Kaldo, V. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.057 · Cited by 25
Schilling, V. N. L. S., Zimmermann, D., Rubel, J. A., Boyle, K. S., & Lutz, W. (2020) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-020-02664-6 · Cited by 27
Elliott, R., & Zucconi, A. (2006) · Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) · Cited by 25
Team consultancy using cognitive analytic therapy: a controlled study in assertive outreach
Kellett, S., Wilbram, M., Davis, C., & Hardy, G. E. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12123 · Cited by 34
Bhui, K. S., Owiti, J. A., Palinski, A., Ascoli, M., Jongh, B. D., Archer, J., Staples, P., Ahmed, N., & Ajaz, A. (2015) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.992303 · Cited by 25
“When we compare the average score on the CORE-10 at baseline (mean 23.5, SD 11.3) and follow-up (mean 20.8, SD 11.8), there is a suggestion that scores do improve.”
BackgroundInfluentialFalkenström, F., Kuria, M. W., Othieno, C. J., & Kumar, M. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000363 · Cited by 25
“Method: In this study, 345 outpatients seeking care at the 2 public psychiatric hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya, filled out the Session Alliance Inventory (SAI) and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure (CORE–OM) during each session.”
InfluentialGonzalez, M. L. S., McCord, C., Dopp, A. R., Tarlow, K. R., Dickey, N. J., McMaughan, D. J., & Elliott, T. R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22719 · Cited by 27
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Waiting times for primary care psychological therapy and counselling services
Trusler, K., Doherty, C., Mullin, T., Grant, S., & McBride, J. (2006) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140600581358 · Cited by 25
“The CORE System utilises three forms: The CORE Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Barkham et al, 2001 2005 ; Cahill et al, in press; Evans et al, 2002 ), Therapy Assessment Form and End of Therapy Form (Mellor-Clark et al, 1999 ; Mellor-Clark & Barkham, 2006 ).”
MethodBewick, B. M., Trusler, K., Mullin, T., Grant, S., & Mothersole, G. (2006) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140600581432 · Cited by 25
“The CORE Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Barkham et al, 2001 , 2005 ; Cahill et al, in press ; Evans et al, 2002 ) comprises 34 items tapping the four domains of subjective well-being; symptoms (anxiety, depression, physical problems, trauma); functioning (general functioning, close relationships, social relationships); and…”
MethodKellett, S., Bickerstaffe, D., Purdie, F., Dyke, A., Filer, S., Lomax, V., & Tomlinson, H. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x502330 · Cited by 24
“, 2002) measures general psychological distress and well-being and has been demonstrated to have good concurrent (Evans et al., 2002) and discriminant validity (Connell et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUji, M., Sakamoto, A., Adachi, K., & Kitamura, T. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.09.006 · Cited by 24
“The risk subscale showed a relatively lower correlation with other subscales, similar to results obtained by Evans et al [3].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAttachment to God as mediator of the relationship between God Representations and mental health
Tung, E. S., Ruffing, E. G., Paine, D. R., Jankowski, P. J., & Sandage, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2017.1396197 · Cited by 28
“Evans et al. (2000, 2002) developed the 34-item Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) to assess three domains of mental health: subjective well-being (WB; 4 items; e.g., “I have felt O.K. about myself”), life functioning (LF; 12 items; e.g., “I have felt able to cope…”
MethodSaraiva, S., Guthrie, E., Walker, A., Trigwell, P. J., West, R. M., Shuweihdi, F., Crawford, M., Fossey, M. J., Hewison, J., Czoski‐Murray, C., et al. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05165-x · Cited by 24
Taking computerized CBT beyond primary care.
Learmonth, D., & Rai, S. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466507x248599 · Cited by 30
Brooks, S. K., Gerada, C., & Chalder, T. (2013) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2012.734647 · Cited by 23
“Patients completed the CORE-OM (Evans et al., 2002).”
Distress and resilience associated with workload of medical students
Kiziela, A., Viliūnienė, R., Friborg, O., & Navickas, A. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1521922 · Cited by 23
“In this study, the scale “Clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measure” (CoreOM) (Evans et al., 2002) was utilized to track changes in distress levels.”
MethodPrediction of treatment outcome in psychotherapy by patient initial symptom distress profiles.
Uckelstam, C.-J., Philips, B., Holmqvist, R., & Falkenström, F. (2019) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000345 · Cited by 23
Long, P. S., & Lepper, G. (2008) · British Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0118.2008.00090.x · Cited by 23
Kontunen, J., Timonen, M., Muotka, J. S., & Liukkonen, T. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.032 · Cited by 25
Bucuță, M. D., Dima, G., & Testoni, I. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01518 · Cited by 23
“The CORE-OM contains 34 simply worded items answered on a five-point scale ranging from “not at all” to “most or all the time,” covering four areas: wellbeing, commonly experienced problems or symptoms, life or social functioning, and risk to self and others.”
MethodInfluentialTelehealth videoconferencing psychotherapy in rural primary care.
Gonzalez, G. E., & Brossart, D. F. (2015) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000037 · Cited by 25
Metacognitive interpersonal therapy in group: a feasibility study
Popolo, R., MacBeth, A. M., Brunello, S., Canfora, F., Ozdemir, E., Rebecchi, D., Toselli, C., Venturelli, G., Salvatore, G., & Dimaggio, G. (2018) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2018.338 · Cited by 25
Paz, C., Mascialino, G., & Evans, C. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00443-z · Cited by 32
Self-citationVideoconference Grief Group Counseling in Rural Texas: Outcomes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned
Chang, J. E., Sequeira, A., McCord, C., & Garney, W. R. (2016) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2016.1146376 · Cited by 27
“B is an 18-item self-report measure developed specifically for use in tracking a client’s progression through therapy and has 5 domains: Well-being, Problems, Risk, Functioning, and Global Distress (Evans et al., 2002).”
Bettencourt, E., Pinto, E., Abraul, E., Dinis, M., & Oliveira, C. F. D. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Leach, C., Lucock, M. P., Barkham, M., Noble, R., Clarke, L., & Iveson, S. (2005) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.29.11.419 · Cited by 23
“Accordingly, we focused on the HoNOS and a widely used selfreport measure, the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Barkham et al, 2001, 2005; Evans et al, 2002).”
MethodSelf-citationAttachment style among outpatients with substance use disorders in psychological treatment
Gidhagen, Y., Holmqvist, R., & Philips, B. (2018) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12172 · Cited by 21
Practice‐based research networks: Origins, overview, obstacles, and opportunities
Barkham, M. (2014) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2014.929414 · Cited by 22
Self-citationAssessing the risk of self-harm in an adult offender population: an incidence cohort study
Horton, M., Wright, N. M. J., Dyer, W., Wright-Hughes, A. M., Farrin, A. J., Bi-Mohammad, Z., Smith, J. B., Heyes, T., Gilbody, S. M., & Tennant, A. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18640 · Cited by 22
“It is, however, argued that this lower correlation is unsurprising given the situational and reactive nature of the items within this domain.(61) Within the analysis, the mean item score was generated where < 10% of items were missing (i.”
BackgroundDetecting and Explaining Aberrant Responding to the Outcome Questionnaire–45
Conijn, J. M., Emons, W. H. M., de Jong, K., & Sijtsma, K. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114560882 · Cited by 22
“, 2004), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1993), and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodRogers, K., Evans, C., Campbell, M., Young, A. M., & Lovell, K. (2013) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12078 · Cited by 22
Self-citationHonkalampi, K., Laitila, A. A., Juntunen, H., Lehmus, K., Piiparinen, A., Törmänen, I., Inkinen, M., & Evans, C. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2017.1365378 · Cited by 23
“Compared to the earlier Italian [16], Finnish [35], Norwegian [21], Icelandic [15] and the referential UK data [3], the internal consistency of the Finnish CORE-OM and its sub domains was mainly very good.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationKristjánsdóttir, H., Sigurðsson, B. H., Salkovskis, P. M., Ólason, D. Þ., Sigurðsson, E., Evans, C., Gylfadóttir, E. D., & Sigurðsson, J. F. (2013) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1874 · Cited by 22
Self-citationThe complexity of treatment-resistant depression: A data-driven approach
Rost, F., Booker, T., Gonsard, A., de Felice, G., Asseburg, L., Castillo, J. M., Koutoufa, I., Ridsdale, H., Johnson, R., Taylor, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.093 · Cited by 23
“Standardized scores, indicating clinical thresholds and distress intensities for the total and all sub-scores, were adopted as described in the official guidelines (Evans et al., 2002).”
Testoni, I., Bonelli, B., Biancalani, G., Zuliani, L., & Nava, F. A. (2020) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2020.101650 · Cited by 21
Everyday evidence: Outcomes of psychotherapies in Swedish public health services.
Werbart, A., Levin, L., Andersson, H., & Sandell, R. (2013) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0031386 · Cited by 21
“The correlation between SCL-90 and CORE-OM (all items) was reported as r .88, whereas the correlation with CORE-OM subset “well-being” had an r .68 (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodBeck, A., Burdett, M., & Lewis, H. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12072 · Cited by 21
Saxon, D. H., Ashley, K., Bishop‐Edwards, L., Connell, J., Harrison, P., Ohlsen, S., Hardy, G. E., Kellett, S., Mukuria, C., Mank, T., et al. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1834-6 · Cited by 25
“2 SPIRIT diagram of assessments at enrolment, allocation, weekly sessions, and 6- and 12-month time points Legend: BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory II, CD-RISC Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CIS-R Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised, CSRI Client Service Receipt Inventory, CSQ Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, CORE…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationFalkenström, F., & Larsson, M. H. (2017) · Psychoanalytic Inquiry · doi:10.1080/07351690.2017.1285186 · Cited by 24
“Additionally, it is notable that the only outcome measure tested was a relatively pure symptom measure (the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure; Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundStrepparava, M. G., Bani, M., Zorzi, F., Mazza, U., Barile, F., & Rezzonico, G. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2096 · Cited by 22
Barkham, M., Moller, N. P., & Pybis, J. (2017) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12141 · Cited by 24
“These studies, as well as the publicly available evidence from NHS Digital, confirm the findings of earlier studies using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation measure (CORE-OM; Evans et al., 2002).”
ResultSelf-citationDevelopment and validation of the relational depth frequency scale
Malta, G. D., Evans, C., & Cooper, M. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1585590 · Cited by 21
“42 clients, Wiggins (2012) found that depth of relating accounted for 10–30% of the variance in improvement, as assessed by the CORE-OM measure of psychological distress (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodSelf-citationPocobello, R., el Sehity, T. J., Negrogno, L., Minervini, C., Guida, M., & Venerito, C. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12681 · Cited by 21
“We assessed users’ mental health conditions using a routine clinical assessment, CORE-OM (Evans et al. 2002), to control for a potential clinical selection bias at the co-produced mental health centre.”
MethodInfluentialO’Halloran, P. D., Noble, H. R., Norwood, K., Maxwell, P., Murtagh, F. E., Shields, J., Mullan, R. N., Matthews, M., Cardwell, C. R., Clarke, M. J., et al. (2020) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-020-02129-5 · Cited by 21
Cozzolino, M., Cocco, S., Piezzo, M., Celia, G., Costantini, S., Abate, V., Capone, F., Barberio, D., Girelli, L., Cavicchiolo, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10010136 · Cited by 21
“As regards the assessment of psychological variables, the exploratory results have shown an increase in well-being (measured with the wellbeing scale of the CORE-OM) and a reduction in the levels of depression and anxiety (measured with HADS scale) in patients in the experimental condition, as compared to participants…”
MethodMurphy, D., & Cramer, D. (2014) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2013.874051 · Cited by 22
“The psychometric properties of the CORE- OM show that it correlates highly with the BDI (.85) and has high internal consistency of .75 to .94 with 1-week test retest reliabilities of .60 to .91 (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodThe relationship between cognitive flexibility, coping and symptomatology in psychotherapy
Johnson, B. T. (2016) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) · Cited by 21
Cattivelli, R., Usubini, A. G., Manzoni, G. M., Riboni, F. V., Pietrabissa, G., Musetti, A., Franceschini, C., Varallo, G., Spatola, C. A. M., Giusti, E. M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189558 · Cited by 22
“The Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) [32].”
MethodInfluentialPatel, M., Lee, J. Y., & Scior, K. (2023) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.13018 · Cited by 27
“…designed for the general population (for example, the CORE-LD and IES-IDs), normative data may be found in the published papers assessing the psychometric properties of the general population measures, for example the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Evans et al .”
BackgroundScruggs, R., Broglia, E., Barkham, M., & Duncan, C. (2023) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12640 · Cited by 20
Self-citationNattrass, A., Kellett, S., Hardy, G. E., & Ricketts, T. (2014) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246581400006x · Cited by 20
“The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Short Form (CORE-SF; Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodAndrews, W. P., Twigg, E., Minami, T., & Johnson, G. (2011) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2010.02004.x · Cited by 20
“90 (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodInfluentialShepherd, M. A., Ashworth, M. J., Evans, C., Robinson, S. I., Rendall, M. J., & Ward, S. L. (2005) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140600571326 · Cited by 20
“Its psychometric properties have been documented and it has been well validated for use in primary care (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodSelf-citationLucock, M., Kirby, R., & Wainwright, N. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x520231 · Cited by 23
“The 34-item CORE-OM (Evans et al., 2002) was used as the outcome measure in this study.”
MethodPaley, G., Cahill, J., Barkham, M., Shapiro, D. A., Jones, J., Patrick, S., & REID, E. (2008) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608307x270889 · Cited by 20
Self-citationBarr, W., Kirkcaldy, A., Horne, A., Hodge, S., Hellin, K., & Göpfert, M. (2010) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638230903469145 · Cited by 20
“…the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4) (Hyler et al., 1988), the Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) (Evans et al., 2002), the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) (Tyrer et al., 2005), the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) (Gratz, 2001) and the…”
MethodInfluentialMaking the case for using personalised outcome measures to track progress in psychotherapy
Green, D. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642537.2015.1130075 · Cited by 22
“One simple strategy is to try to get the ‘best of both worlds’ by employing a nomothetic measure such as the COrE-OM at the beginning and end of therapy to evaluate outcomes but to use an idiographic instrument such as a personal questionnaire to monitor the process of treatment (Sales & Alves, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychological advocacy toward healing (PATH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Brierley, G., Agnew-Davies, R., Bailey, J., Evans, M. A., Fackrell, M., Ferrari, G., Hollinghurst, S. P., Howard, L. M., Howarth, E., Malpass, A., et al. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-221 · Cited by 19
“It was designed to assess efficacy and effectiveness across multiple disciplines offering psychological therapies [26].”
BackgroundCooper, M., & Xu, D. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23344 · Cited by 20
Taccini, F., Rossi, A. A., & Mannarini, S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060672 · Cited by 21
Thoth: An intelligent model for assisting individuals with suicidal ideation
Heckler, W. F., Feijó, L. P., de Carvalho, J. V., & Barbosa, J. L. V. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120918 · Cited by 19
The Individualised Patient‐Progress System: A decade of international collaborative networking
Sales, C. M. D., Alves, P., Evans, C., Elliott, R., & On Behalf of Ipha Group (2014) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2014.929417 · Cited by 19
Self-citationAttitudes of Austrian Psychotherapists Towards Process and Outcome Monitoring
Kaiser, T., Schmutzhart, L., & Laireiter, A. (2018) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-018-0862-1 · Cited by 19
A relational perspective on the association between working alliance and treatment outcome
Uckelstam, C.-J., Holmqvist, R., Philips, B., & Falkenström, F. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1516306 · Cited by 19
“CORE-OM (Evans et al., 2002) is a self-report measure consisting Table I.”
MethodInfluentialGonzález, A.-J., Martins, P., & de Lima, M. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01662 · Cited by 22
Randal, C., Bucci, S., Morera, T., Barrett, M., & Pratt, D. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1966 · Cited by 20
Barr, W., Hodge, S., Leeven, M., Bowen, L., & Knox, P. C. (2012) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2012.663776 · Cited by 19
“Comparisons were made between service users’ CORE Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) scores at baseline and post-intervention to assess the impact of the services on psychological wellbeing (Evans et al, 2002 ).”
Davis, D., Corrin-Pendry, S., & Savill, M. (2008) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140802007863 · Cited by 19
“The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation questionnaire (CORE; Barkham et al, 2001 ) is used to assess the outcomes of psychological therapies (Evans et al, 2002 ).”
MethodATIC: Developing a recovery-based art therapy practice
Allan, J., Barford, H., Horwood, F., Stevens, J., & Tanti, G. (2014) · International Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/17454832.2014.968597 · Cited by 19
Self-referrals to a doctors' mental health service over 10 years
Meerten, M., Rost, F., Bland, M., & Garelick, A. I. (2014) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqt177 · Cited by 19
Using Benchmarks and Benchmarking to Improve Quality of Practice and Services
Lueger, R. J., & Barkham, M. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470687994.ch9 · Cited by 19
Self-citationAuthenticity, Well-Being, and Minority Stress in LGB Individuals: A Scoping Review
Roberts, E. R., Lee, M. F., Simpson, K., Kelley, N. J., Sedikides, C., & Angus, D. J. (2024) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2378738 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, C., Connell, J., Barkham, M., Margison, F., McGrath, G., Mellor-Clark, J., & Audin, K.
- Affiliations
- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Chris
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-60
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2114350740
- Cited by
- 934
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Leeds
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- CORE-OM, outcome measures, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, validity, sensitivity to change, psychotherapy, subjective well-being, clinical symptoms, functioning, risk, self-report measures
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome
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