The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Towards a standardised brief outcome measure: Psychometric properties and utility of the CORE–OM
Open accessAbstract
Background: An acceptable, standardised outcome measure to assess efficacy and effectiveness is needed across multiple disciplines offering psychological therapies. Aims: To present psychometric data on reliability, validity and sensitivity to change for the CORE–OM (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure). Method: A 34-item self-report instrument was developed, with domains of subjective well-being, symptoms, function and risk. Analysis includes internal reliability, test–retest reliability, socio-demographic differences, exploratory principal-component analysis, correlations with other instruments, differences between clinical and non-clinical samples and assessment of change within a clinical group. Results: Internal and test–retest reliability were good (0.75–0.95), as was convergent validity with seven other instruments, with large differences between clinical and non-clinical samples and good sensitivity to change. Conclusions: The CORE–OM is a reliable and valid instrument with good sensitivity to change. It is acceptable in a wide range of practice settings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The CORE-OM is a well-validated, reliable, and widely used outcome measure of psychological treatments (Barkham et al. 2006;Barkham, Mullin, Leach, Stiles, & Lucock, 2007;Evans et al., 2002).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: A feasibility and proof of concept study. (2020) · cites this paper as Evans et al., 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both CORE-OM and CORE-10 have shown good psychometric properties [55, 56].”
From Measuring the Effect of the Early assessment Team (MEET) for patients referred to outpatient mental health care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The CORE-OM has excellent internal consistency in clinical samples (α=.94) and for each of its subscales (α=.75-.94); it also has good test-retest reliability (P=.83) [73].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The CORE-OM has published evidence of reliability and validity [29,30] and has been used in previous UK mental health trials [31].”
From Development and evaluation of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions for under-served people in primary care (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
Cattell, R. B. (1966) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10 · Cited by 13,554
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644 · Cited by 5,637
Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing.
Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6522.746 · Cited by 2,014
What Works for Whom?: A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research
Roth, A. D., & Fonagy, P. (1996) · Cited by 1,382
National Service Framework for Mental Health
Thornicroft, G. (2000) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.24.6.203 · Cited by 639
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 1990, SAS/IML Software: Usage and Reference. Version 6
- 1996, FORMIC 3 for Windows
- Beck, 1996, Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory — Second Edition (BDI–II)
- Gardner, 1989, Confidence Interval Analysis (C.I.A.) Microcomputer Program Manual
- 1996, NHS Psychotherapy Services in England. Review of Strategic Policy
- 1998, CORE System (Information Management) Handbook
- Derogatis, 1983, SCL–90–R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures: Manual
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 930
Blainey, S. H., Rumball, F., Mercer, L., Evans, L. J., & Beck, A. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2108 · Cited by 11
Rieger, K., Rarra, M.-H., Hernandez, L. D., Hubl, D., & Koenig, T. W. (2018) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059418765810 · Cited by 12
Bani, M., Travagin, G., Monticelli, M., Valsecchi, M., Truisi, E., Zorzi, F., Strepparava, M. G., Clerici, M., Mazza, U., & Rezzonico, G. (2019) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.12.008 · Cited by 13
Taylor, J., Thompson, D. M., Hall, D. A., Walker, D., McMurran, M., Casey, A., Featherstone, D., MacDonald, C., Stockdale, D., & Hoare, D. J. (2020) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2020.1788730 · Cited by 12
Lorentzen, V., Handegård, B. H., Moen, C. M., Solem, K. M., Lillevoll, K. R., & Skre, I. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00459-5 · Cited by 16
The role of the working alliance in psychological treatment of substance use disorder outpatients
Gidhagen, Y., Holmqvist, R., Philips, B., & Falkenström, F. (2020) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2020.1807639 · Cited by 12
“The clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measure (CORE-OM; Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodDevelopment of IAT-12, a reduced Spanish version of the internet addiction test
Osuna, M. J. P., Herruzo, J., Raya, A., Ruiz‐Olivares, R., & Herruzo, C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01167-4 · Cited by 14
Spontaneity as predictive factor for well-being
Testoni, I., Wieser, M. A., Armenti, A., Ronconi, L., Guglielmin, M. S., Cottone, P., & Zamperini, A. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie · doi:10.1007/s11620-015-0307-8 · Cited by 12
“In the Italian sample, the internal consistency of the CORE-OM was 0.90 (Cronbach’s Alpha), a score very similar to that reported by Evans et al. (2002), of 0.94.”
MethodResultInfluentialEvans, C., Paz, C., & Mascialino, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695893 · Cited by 12
Self-citationElliott, R., & Zucconi, A. (2006) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2006.9688398 · Cited by 12
Young, C. Y. F. (2009) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069880903161377 · Cited by 12
“The measure shows good reliability and convergent validity with other measures commonly used in psychiatric or psychological settings, has small gender effects, shows large differences between clinical and non-clinical populations and is sensitive to change (Evans et al., 2002; Evans et al., 2000).”
BackgroundFalkenström, F., Kumar, M., Zahid, A., Kuria, M. W., & Othieno, C. J. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0260-1 · Cited by 13
“A difference in the modeling approach compared to the British ones [3, 7] was that the Norwegian authors [8] treated the CORE-OM response scale as ordinal, while the British ones treated it as continuous.”
InfluentialRosenström, T. H., Mylläri, S., Malkki, V. K., & Saarni, S. E. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2074807 · Cited by 12
“We verified that one factor sufficed to capture item correlations of CORE-10 using a parallel analysis test for factor number, applied to polychoric correlation matrices (Garrido et al., 2013, 2016).”
MethodSaavedra, J., Brzeska, J., Matías-García, J. A., & Sánchez, S. Á. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12451 · Cited by 15
Dittner, A. J., Rimes, K. A., Russell, A., & Chalder, T. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0248-1 · Cited by 11
“most widely used outcomes for psychological therapies in primary and secondary care in the UK [34].”
BackgroundSimple methods for enhancing patient outcome in routine care: Measuring, monitoring, and feedback
Lambert, M. J., & Coco, G. L. (2014) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2013.147 · Cited by 11
“M. Lambert et al. 99 strategies to provide outcome monitoring feedback to clinicians and patients (i.e., the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure in the United Kingdom; see Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSandhu, S., Killaspy, H. T., Krotofil, J., McPherson, P., Harrison, I., Dowling, S., Arbuthnott, M., Curtis, S. E., King, M., Leavey, G., et al. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0755-3 · Cited by 11
“Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important in the monitoring of patient experiences and the development of services in mental health care [1].”
BackgroundShalaby, R., Spurvey, P., Knox, M., Rathwell, R., Vuong, W., Surood, S., Urichuk, L., Snaterse, M., Greenshaw, A. J., Li, X., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073798 · Cited by 13
“The scale shows a good convergent validation against a battery of existing measures and clinician ratings of risk as well as good sensitivity to change [39].”
BackgroundBoyd, N., & Alexander, D. (2022) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1840 · Cited by 15
Barnicot, K., Welsh, M., Kalwarowsky, S., Stevens, E., Iles, J. E., Parker, J., Miele, M., Lawn, T., O’Hanlon, L., Sundaresh, S., et al. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12388 · Cited by 10
“This was assessed using the parent- rated 10- item Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE- 10, Evans et al., 2002) assessing subjective well- being, mental health problems, life functioning, and risk to self/others.”
MethodStefana, A., Vieta, E., Fusar‐Poli, P., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/55369 · Cited by 11
“The primary outcome measure of the trial is the “Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure” (CORE-OM) [32], while the secondary outcomes are the “Real Relationship Inventory-Client-Short Form” (RRI-C-SF) [33], the “Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised” (WAI-SR) [34], and the…”
BackgroundMethodSpurgeon, P. C., Hicks, C., Barwell, F., Walton, I., & Spurgeon, T. (2005) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642530500367753 · Cited by 11
“CORE – outcome measures (Barkham et al., 1998, 2001; Evans et al., 2002): this questionnaire is a standardized and widely used scale for measuring the outcome of psychological therapies.”
MethodChange processes in residential cognitive therapy for bulimia nervosa
Hoffart, A., Lysebo, H., Sommerfeldt, B., & Rø, Ø. (2010) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.980 · Cited by 11
Sickness absence and presence among employees in treatment for common mental disorders
Lau, B., Victor, M., & Ruud, T. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494815621418 · Cited by 13
“[29] evans C, Connell j, Barkham M, et al.”
BackgroundA Xhosa language translation of the CORE-OM using South African university student samples
Campbell, M., & Young, C. Y. F. (2016) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461516661643 · Cited by 11
“…high internal reliability in UK general (n¼ 1,106) and clinical (n¼ 890) samples (a¼ .94 for the overall scale and a> .75 across all domains) and test–retest stability (rs¼ .90 for the overall scale and rs .86 across all domains except the risk domain where rs¼ .64; Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVictor, M., Lau, B., & Ruud, T. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-017-9747-5 · Cited by 11
Stephenson, L., & Hale, B. (2020) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167817719178 · Cited by 9
“EPT, as routinely delivered in this NHS setting, produced RCSC (Evans et al., 2002; Jacobson & Truax, 1991) for some patients presenting with distressing symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMONITORIZACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y FEEDBACK EN PSICOTERAPIA
Gimeno-Peón, A., Barrio-Nespereira, A., Prado-Abril, J., Práctica privada, G., de Asturias, S. D. S. D. P., & de Salud-Osasunbidea, S. N. (2018) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · doi:10.23923/pap.psicol2018.2872 · Cited by 11
Evaluating integrative services in edge-of-care work
McPherson, S., Andrews, L., Taggart, D., Cox, P., Pratt, R., Smith, V., & Thandi, J. (2018) · Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law · doi:10.1080/09649069.2018.1493651 · Cited by 11
“The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM) covers a range of psychological difficulties within four domains of problems, risk, well-being and functioning (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodHandscomb, L., Shorter, G. W., Hoare, D. J., & Hall, D. A. (2019) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000826 · Cited by 11
Zúñiga-Salazar, E., Valdiviezo‐Oña, J., Ruiz-Cordoba, O., Baldus-Andrade, D., & Paz, C. (2021) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082021000300353 · Cited by 11
Translating the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) into Lithuanian
nienė, R. V., Evans, C., Hilbig, J., Pakalniškienė, V., Danilevičiūtė, V., Laurinaitis, E., & Navickas, A. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2012.745599 · Cited by 11
Self-citationIssues in brief counselling with postgraduate research students
Wright, T. (2006) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070601043203 · Cited by 11
“Many students seek counselling at a time when they are struggling with these tasks and Erikson (1968) described a classification of failure to resolve what he famously entitled the adolescent identity crisis.”
BackgroundMannerström, R., Muotka, J. S., Leikas, S., & Lönnqvist, J. (2020) · Politiikka · doi:10.37452/politiikka.83247 · Cited by 11
Kellett, S., Easton, K., Cooper, M., Millings, A., Simmonds‐Buckley, M., & Parry, G. D. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/19888 · Cited by 10
“The measure has good concurrent [28] and discriminant validity [29], sound internal and test-retest reliabilities [28], and is sensitive to psychotherapeutic change [29].”
Chaplin, E., Chester, R., Tsakanikos, E., McCarthy, J. M., Craig, T., & Bouras, N. (2013) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2012.670367 · Cited by 10
Zech, E., Brison, C., Elliott, R., Rodgers, B. C., & Cornelius‐White, J. H. D. (2018) · Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies · doi:10.1080/14779757.2018.1473788 · Cited by 10
Paz, C., Aguilera, M., Salla, M., Compañ, V., Medina, J. C., Bados, A., García‐Grau, E., Castel, A., Cañete, J., Montesano, A., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s235161 · Cited by 10
Åström, E., Sundström, A. E., & Lyrén, P. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2808 · Cited by 10
Carlisle, S., Bunce, A., Prina, M. A., Cook, E. A., Barbosa, E. C., McManus, S., Feder, G. S., & Lewis, N. V. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074452 · Cited by 12
The barriers and facilitators of supporting self care in Mental Health NHS Trusts
Gillard, S., Edwards, C., White, S., White, R. J., Adams, K., Davies, L., Green, K., Kettle, T., Lathlean, J., Lucock, M. P., et al. (2010) · Research Repository (Kingston University London) · Cited by 10
Military veteran use of visual journaling during recovery
Mims, R. (2015) · Journal of Poetry Therapy · doi:10.1080/08893675.2015.1008737 · Cited by 10
“34 Evans et al. (2002) found that 31 or more of the 34 questions on the CORE–OM were completed by 98% of the nonclinical sample, and 97% of the clinical sample. Internal reliability for all domains was found. Test-retest reliability was highest for the domains; of these the lowest level found was for risk. Evans et al…”
BackgroundMoorhead, S. (2012) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x13000019 · Cited by 10
“A single case methodology was used to produce qualitative feedback, and a Clinical Outcomes in Research Evaluation (CORE-OM; Evans et al. 2002) measure to anchor the idiosyncratic item measurement.”
MethodReducing outcome measures in mental health: a systematic review of the methods
Smith, W., Patel, A. K., McCrone, P., Jin, H., Osumili, B., & Barrett, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1101058 · Cited by 10
“They also give reference to a previous study (Evans et al., 2002) examining the structure of the CORE-OM using EFA.”
ResultPsychometric Properties of the 25-Item Work Limitations Questionnaire in Japan
Kono, Y., Matsushima, E., & Uji, M. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000082 · Cited by 11
Alves, P., Sales, C. M. D., Ashworth, M. J., & Faísca, L. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9985-6 · Cited by 10
Barrowcliff, A. L., Oathamshaw, S. C., & Evans, C. (2018) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12551 · Cited by 10
“The Clinical Outcomes in Routine EvaluationOutcome Measure (CORE-OM) (Evans et al. 2000) is a pan-theoretical measure of psychological distress that is widely used as a routine outcome measure in mental health services across the UK and has good psychometric properties (Evans et al. 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLessons learned while integrating patient-reported outcomes in a psychiatric hospital.
Fowler, J. C., Madan, A., Frueh, B. C., Bradshaw, M. R., Flack, J. N., & Weinstein, B. L. (2018) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000174 · Cited by 10
Lau, B., Shiryaeva, O., Ruud, T., & Victor, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215354 · Cited by 12
Hall, P., Dix, J., & Cartin, C. (2020) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2020.1751364 · Cited by 10
“The 34 items of the measure cover four dimensions: The CORE-OM comprises 4 domains: Well-being (4 items) Problem Solving (12 items) Life Functioning (12 items) Risk (6 items).”
BackgroundInfluentialMontesano, A., Medina, J. C., Paz, C., García‐Mieres, H., Niño‐Robles, N., García‐Grau, E., Cañete, J., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Alabèrnia-Segura, M., & Feixas, G. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05809-1 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of a primary care adult mental health service: Year 2.
McHugh, P., Brennan, J. M., Galligan, N., McGonagle, C., & Byrne, M. (2013) · PubMed Central · Cited by 10
Newsom, C., Schut, H., Stroebe, M., Wilson, S., & Birrell, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164005 · Cited by 9
Examining response shifts in the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation- Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)
Murray, A. L., McKenzie, K., Murray, K. R., & Richelieu, M. (2018) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2018.1483007 · Cited by 10
“Past studies have supported the reliability, acceptability, sensitivity to change and convergent validity of the scale as used in counselling (Evans et al., 2002; Connell et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBaronian, R., & Leggett, S. J. (2019) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463719858119 · Cited by 10
A Case Series Study of Help-Seeking among Younger and Older Men in Suicidal Crisis
Saini, P., Chopra, J., Hanlon, C. A., & Boland, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147319 · Cited by 9
“The measure shows good reliability and convergent validity with other measures used in psychiatric or psychological settings [53,54].”
BackgroundCore outcomes in psychosexual therapy: A feasibility study of the CORE-OM
Branney, P., & Barkham, M. (2006) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681990500281414 · Cited by 10
“(2002) did find gender differences and as sexual functioning has gender-specific presentations, this should be investigated.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPaine, D. R., Sandage, S. J., Ruffing, E. G., & Hill, P. C. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0612-4 · Cited by 13
Rosan, C., Dijk, K. A., Darwin, Z. J., Babalis, D. S., Cornelius, V. R., Phillips, R., Richards, L., Wright, H., Pilling, S., Fearon, P. R. M., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07194-3 · Cited by 12
“1 or more as their average score on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-10 (CORE-10; [29]) or score 1 or more as their average score on the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; [30]).”
BackgroundMental Health and Lifestyle Factors Among Higher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
de Almeida, R. S., Rodrigues, A., Tavares, S., Barreto, J. F., Marques, A. J., & Trigueiro, M. J. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15030253 · Cited by 9
“The Cronbach’s α values were 0.90 both for the original and Portuguese versions of the CORE-OM (Evans et al., 2002; Sales et al., 2012).”
InfluentialCraig, F., Colella, G. M., Tenuta, F., Mauti, M., Gravina, A., Calomino, M. L., Plastina, R., Polito, A., & Costabile, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1602009 · Cited by 15
O’Donnell, J., Pybis, J., & Bacon, J. (2021) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12393 · Cited by 9
“The CORE- OM is a 34- item outcome measure of psychological distress comprised of four domains: well- being, symptoms, functioning and risk (Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodCarter, R., Wigington, S., O-Mahony, B., Coates, R., & Crisp, S. (2023) · International Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/17454832.2023.2226722 · Cited by 9
“Accordingly, a second aggregated overall score, titled All Items, was also removed from the analysis as it included the Risk subscale.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTurner, M. A., & Hammond, N. (2016) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x15000768 · Cited by 9
“It has been reported to have good sensitivity to therapeutic change, good internal and test–retest reliability, and good convergent validity (Evans et al. 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundUji, M., & Kawaguchi, M. (2021) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2021.123024 · Cited by 10
Avdi, E., Paraskevopoulos, E., Lagogianni, C., Kartsidis, P. E., & Plaskasovitis, F. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24040517 · Cited by 14
“At the end of therapy, Demetra’s CORE-OM score decreased to the cut-off point for clinical distress (<10), and Costas’ showed clinically significant change (>5 clinical score points) [77].”
BackgroundMethodVirtual-self Identity Construal in Online Video Games: A Repertory Grid Study Protocol
Gabarnet, A., Montesano, A., & Feixas, G. (2022) · Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport Blanquerna · doi:10.51698/aloma.2022.40.1.9-21 · Cited by 9
“Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM): Developed by Evans et al. (2002), this 34-item questionnaire will be used, along with its Spanish version (Trujillo et. al.,2016), depending on the preferred language, to measure participants’ level of psychological distress.”
MethodNordh, E. W., Grip, K. K., Thorvaldsson, V., Priebe, G., Afzelius, M., & Axberg, U. (2022) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16555 · Cited by 9
Horneland, M., Børnes, D. S., Høbye, K., Knutsen, H., & Lorentzen, S. (2012) · Group Analysis · doi:10.1177/0533316411424370 · Cited by 9
“Another way to fill the gap is to furnish clinicians with test batteries that can be used in monitoring their own practice, for example the CORE-OM (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluations; Evans et al., 2002), American Group Associations Core battery (AGPA CORE-R Battery; Burlingame et al.”
BackgroundMethodPessimism and failure in 6-part stories: indicators of borderline personality disorder?
Dent‐Brown, K., & Wang, M. (2004) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2004.09.001 · Cited by 9
Responding to the embodiment of distress in individuals defined as obese: Implications for research
Meekums, B. (2005) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/17441690500317119 · Cited by 9
An investigation into the psychometric properties of the CORE‐OM in patients with eating disorders
Jenkins, P. E., & Turner, H. M. (2013) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2013.782057 · Cited by 9
“In terms of the structure of the measure, a four-subscale scoring matrix was originally proposed (Barkham et al., 2001; see also Uji, Sakamoto, Adachi, & Kitamura, 2012), and a three-component model has also been suggested (Evans et al., 2002).”
InfluentialBarkham, M., Saxon, D. H., Hardy, G. E., Delgadillo, J., & Lutz, W. (2025) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2025.2541710 · Cited by 8
“…measures that assess a broader psychological experience by incorporating such domains as interpersonal aspects of functioning (e.g., CORE-OM, Evans et al., 2002) and quality of life (e.g., Recovering Quality of Life; ReQoL-20; Keetharuth et al., 2018), with each of these measures being able…”
Self-citationPaz, C., Pucurull, O., & Feixas, G. (2015) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2014.943914 · Cited by 8
Kono, Y., Uji, M., & Matsushima, E. (2015) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2015.615195 · Cited by 11
Malta, G. D., Cooper, M., Vos, J., & van der Veer, C. G. (2020) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167820962626 · Cited by 8
“The scaling was aligned with the Likert-type scale of the well-validated Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation used to assess psychological distress in mental health services in the United Kingdom (CORE-OM; Evans et al., 2002).”
MethodAltimir, C., Mantilla, C., & Serralta, F. B. (2022) · Studies in Psychology Estudios de Psicología · doi:10.1080/02109395.2022.2139998 · Cited by 10
“The CORE system was designed based on the CORE-OM (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation — Outcome Measure; Evans, 2000; Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodEvaluation of a pilot primary care adult mental health practitioner – delivered service
Bourke, M., & Byrne, M. (2012) · Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) · Cited by 8
Gillard, S., White, R., Miller, S., & Turner, K. J. (2014) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12031 · Cited by 8
Predictors of Functional Disability in Disability Welfare Claimants
Purdie, F., Kellett, S., & Bickerstaffe, D. (2012) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-012-9368-y · Cited by 8
“The CORE-OM has been demonstrated to have good concurrent [43] and discriminant validity [44], sound internal and test–retest reliability [43] and be sensitive to psychotherapeutic change [44].”
MethodBeginning therapy: clinical outcomes in brief treatments by psychiatric trainees
Mace, C. J., Beeken, S., & Embleton, J. (2005) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.30.1.7 · Cited by 8
Greaves, A. E., McKenzie, H., O’Brien, R., Roberts, A., & Alexander, K. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000673 · Cited by 8
“The CORE-34 has been found to have strong reliability (0.75–0.95) and convergent validity, and good sensitivity to change (Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialDogmanas, D., Arias, M. A., Gago, F., de Álava, L., & Roussos, A. (2022) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12579 · Cited by 8
Session-by-session outcome monitoring in CAMHS: clinicians’ beliefs
James, K., Elgie, S., Adams, J., Henderson, T., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2015) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x15000653 · Cited by 10
“Although important across all services, the use of ROM has traditionally tended to be stronger within adult populations, for example, as demonstrated by the interval between the development of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM; Barkham et al. 2001; Evans et al. 2002) and the Young…”
Joice, A., & Mercer, S. W. (2010) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x10000012 · Cited by 8
“45) (Evans et al. 2002), but would not be regarded as ‘clinical’.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAlemohammad, M., Wood, J. L., Tapp, J., Moore, E., & Skelly, A. (2016) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2008 · Cited by 8
“95) and good test–retest reliability with clinical samples (ICC>0.87; Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEvaluating outcomes of therapies offered by occupational therapists in adult mental health
Samsonraj, R. S. P., Loughran, M., & Secker, J. (2012) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.638000 · Cited by 8
“There has been a growing literature on instrument selection (Andrews et al., 1994), development (Blankertz & Cook, 1998) and testing (Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMcKay, J. (2010) · City Research Online (City University London) · Cited by 8
Lucock, M., Padgett, K., Noble, R., Westley, A., Atha, C., Horsefield, C., & Leach, C. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004591 · Cited by 11
“Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is widely used as a clinical outcome measure within psychological therapies services, particularly in the UK (Barkham et al., 2001; Evans et al., 2002).”
Measuring Healing and Recovery After Gender-Based Violence: A Scoping Review
Šinko, L., Dubois, C., & Þorvaldsdóttir, K. B. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241229745 · Cited by 10
Milligan, G., Bernard, A., Dowthwaite, L., Vallejos, E. P., Davis, J. N., Salhi, L., & Goulding, J. (2024) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12766 · Cited by 7
Price, A. D., Mukherjee, R., Webster, A., Tate, D., Allely, C. S., Brown, S., Buckard, J., Burd, L., Butcher, S., Shields, J. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02637-6 · Cited by 9
“Its internal consistency has been shown to be excellent, with a Cronbach ’ s alpha of .94 in both clinical and non-clinical populations (Evans et al., 2002).”
Zimmermann, R., Konjufca, J., Sakejo, P., Kilonzo, M. N., Quevedo, Y., Blum, K., Biba, E., Mosha, T., Cottin, M., Hernández, C., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05201-0 · Cited by 7
“O u t c o m e M e a s u r e [ 39 ] , L P F S B F 2 .”
MethodCientanni, F., Power, K., Sani, F., Wright, C., Baty, F. J., Hustings, K., Morgan, D., & Tanner, G. (2017) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12210 · Cited by 7
“Internal reliability across all subscales has been reported to show alpha levels between .75 and .95, with an alpha level of .94 for all items in a clinical sample (Evans et al., 2002).”
BackgroundResultMarks, E. M., Hallsworth, C. A., & McKenna, L. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3778-5 · Cited by 7
What Happens When Individuals Answer Questionnaires in Two Different Languages
Paz, C., Hermosa‐Bosano, C., & Evans, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688397 · Cited by 8
“The psychometric properties of the Spanish version offered to an Ecuadorian sample (Paz et al., 2020b) indicated that these properties are similar to those reported for the scores of the original version in United Kingdom (Evans et al., 2002) and to the Spanish version in Spain.”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationAaltonen, K. I., Saarni, S. E., Holi, M. M., & Paananen, M. (2022) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2022.2061047 · Cited by 6
“Main outcome of the study was reported psychic wellbeing and distress rated by the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) for the last seven days [24].”
MethodYang, F. B., Wangen, K. R., Victor, M., Solbakken, O. A., & Holman, P. A. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08877-4 · Cited by 8
“The variable of being at “risk-to-self ” was similarly defined based on a set of four risk questions (see Supplementary Table 1, Additional File).”
MethodInfluentialWagner, A. P., Galante, J., Dufour, G., Barton, G., Stochl, J., Vainre, M., & Jones, P. B. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071724 · Cited by 7
“17 The CORE-OM has been found to have strong convergent validity, internal and test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change, 18 and has been extensively used with UK university students.”
MethodBarr, W., BROWN, A., QUINN, B., McFarlane, J., McCabe, R., & Whittington, R. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01886.x · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, C., Connell, J., Barkham, M., Margison, F., McGrath, G., Mellor-Clark, J., & Audin, K.
- Affiliations
- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Evans, Chris
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-60
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2114350740
- Cited by
- 934
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Leeds
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- CORE-OM, outcome measures, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, validity, sensitivity to change, psychotherapy, subjective well-being, clinical symptoms, functioning, risk, self-report measures
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
