Cited by 1,084Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychiatric care and mental health servicesMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Stepped care in psychological therapies: access, effectiveness and efficiency: Narrative literature review

Open access

Bower, Peter, Gilbody, Simon·2005·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background: There is a significant gap between the demand for psychological therapy services and the available supply. One proposal to overcome this problem is to increase efficiency of provision through the adoption of briefer ‘minimal interventions' within stepped care models. Aims: To examine the theoretical underpinnings of stepped care, together with the practicalities of the adoption of this system of care. Method: Narrative literature review. Results: The potential clinical and economic benefits of stepped care are dependent upon underlying assumptions of equivalence in terms of clinical outcomes, efficiency in terms of resource use and costs, and acceptability of ‘minimal interventions' to patients and therapists. Illustrative studies of these issues are considered. Conclusions: Although psychological services might benefit from the adoption of the stepped care model, a substantial research agenda needs to be fulfilled before a judgement can be made as to whether stepped care might be an efficient method of delivering psychological services.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
Collaborative Care Management of Late-Life Depression in the Primary Care Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Unützer, J., Katon, W., Callahan, C. M., Williams, Jr., Hunkeler, E., Harpole, L., Hoffing, M., Della Penna, R. D., Noël, P. H., Lin, E. H. B., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.22.2836 · Cited by 2,405
Design Sensitivity: Statistical Power for Experimental Research.
Eliason, S. R., & Lipsey, M. W. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072167 · Cited by 1,038
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health
Veale, D. M. (2006) · Research Portal (King's College London) · Cited by 941
Design Sensitivity: Statistical Power for Experimental Research.
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Lipsey, M. W. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289636 · Cited by 781
Educational and Organizational Interventions to Improve the Management of Depression in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Gilbody, S., Whitty, P., Grimshaw, J., & Thomas, R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3145 · Cited by 749
Self-citation
Stepped Collaborative Care for Primary Care Patients With Persistent Symptoms of Depression
Katon, W. J., Korff, M. V., Lin, E., Simon, G., Walker, E., Unützer, J., Bush, T. M., Russo, J. E., & Ludman, E. J. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1109 · Cited by 658
Using significance tests to evaluate equivalence between two experimental groups.
Rogers, J. L., Howard, K. I., & Vessey, J. T. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.553 · Cited by 568
Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: Randomised controlled trial
Proudfoot, J., Ryden, C., Everitt, B., Shapiro, D. A., Goldberg, D., Mann, A., Tylee, A., Marks, I., & Gray, J. A. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.1.46 · Cited by 516 · cited 1×
“…where a number of less intensive treatments (or ‘minimal interventions’) have been developed, for example brief therapies (Scott et al, 1997), group treatments (Dowrick et al, 2000) and self-help approaches such as bibliotherapy (Cuijpers, 1997) and computerised treatments (Proudfoot et al, 2004).”
Background
Treating depression in primary care in low-income women in Santiago, Chile: a randomised controlled trial
Araya, R., Rojas, G., Fritsch, R., Gaete, J., Rojas, M., Simon, G., & Peters, T. J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12825-5 · Cited by 450

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 66 references

1 of the 66 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

2003, Depression – Core Interventions in the Management of Depression in Primary and Secondary Care (National Clinical Practice Guideline – Draft for Consultation)
2001, Treatment Choice in Psychological Therapies and Counselling: Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guideline

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,001

Dynamics of depression and diabetes
Bot, M. (2012) · Research portal (Tilburg University)
‘Your teeth you are in control’
Marshman, Z., Noble, F., & RODD, H. D. (2018) · Dental Nursing · doi:10.12968/denn.2018.14.6.292
The Development and Refinement of Web-based Interventions to Reduce Distress among Survivors of Interpersonal Violence
Nguyen‐Feng, V. N. (2016) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
No man’s land: Making a map. The contribution of child psychotherapy to decision-making for Looked After Children in transition
Bradley, M. A. (2014) · Staff Publications Online (The Tavistock and Portman)
interventions for anxiety disorders: systematic review Efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of self-help
Lewis, C., Pearce, J., & Bisson, J. I. (2013)
Optimising how information is received by patients using e-health technology
Heath, J. (2018) · Journal of Aesthetic Nursing · doi:10.12968/joan.2018.7.1.30
Low Sexual Desire Disorder
Newlands, R. T., & O’Donohue, W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_21
Models for Managing Complex Cases in Both Inpatient and Outpatient Settings
Leary, W. C., Frankel, S. A., & Bourgeois, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61214-0_4
Psychosocial Intervention with Women
Markward, M. J. (2014) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0128
Feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a brief mindfulness intervention for college students with posttraumatic stress symptoms and problem drinking
Valenstein-Mah, H. R. (2017) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)
A naturalistic pilot study assessing the impact of assessment pathways and intake methods within Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services
Steen, S., Hemmings, A., Foster, J., Bedford, J., & Gorbing, S. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12242
The Effectiveness of Psychoeducation and Brief Treatments in the Aftermath of Sexual Assault
Vechiu, C., & Zimmermann, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_30
Screening and Assessment in Integrated Primary Care Settings
Goodie, J. L., & Wilfong, K. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235433.032
The Social Mandate to Deal With Mental Health
Mazzola, A. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch034
Enhancing Self-Management of Distressing Voices Hearing Experiences Using Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention
Bell, I. (2019) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Care Model in Health Services with Individual Dual Diagnosis: Misuse of Drugs and Mental Disorders in Indonesia
Raya, M., Susanti, H., & Wardani, I. Y. (2020) · Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa · doi:10.32584/jikj.v3i3.626
“Model ini, perawatan intensitas yang rendah seperti biaya keuangan dan waktu minimum untuk individu, dokter dan pelayanan (Bower & Gilbody, 2005; Van Hoeven, Janssen, Roes, & Koffijberg, 2015).”
Background
Perceptions and experiences of patients and clinicians in anal cytology screening and high resolution anoscopy : a hermeneutic phenomenological study
Sirpath, A. M. (2020) · Bucks New University Repository (Bucks New University)
Stepped care model and depression in primary care
McIntosh, S. (2020) · Primary Health Care · doi:10.7748/phc.2020.e1685
Improving Access to Psychological Services in Remote Australia with a Patient-Led Clinic
Funnell, S., Carey, T. A., Tai, S., & Lampshire, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_38-1
Treatment: Context and content
Humphreys, K. N., & Lingford-Hughes, A. R. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316258057.009
Two steps forward, one step back
Krepel, N. (2021) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20210618nk
Aceitação e viabilidade de uma intervenção psicossocial colaborativa para idosos com depressão realizada por não especialistas da atenção primária.
Henrique, M. G. (2021) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2021.tde-23072021-110631
The Behavioral Health Wellness Visit
Zimmermann, M., & O’Donohue, W. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83469-2_2
Avaliação da articulação dos componentes atenção básica e atenção especializada das Redes de Atenção Psicossocial dos municípios de Campinas e Fortaleza
Amaral, C. E. M. (2018) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2018.1045350
Evidence-Based Interventions for Posttraumatic Disorder in Primary Healthcare Settings
Are, F. G., Espeleta, H. C., Newman, C., Ridings, L. E., Wallis, E., & Hanson, R. F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83469-2_8
Prevention Strategies for Unhealthy Alcohol Use
Hunley, B. T., Willis, B., & Zepeda, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83469-2_13
Counselling
Sanders, D. (2012) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0164
Introduction
Paris, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811421-6.00020-x
Depression
Mikeal, C. W., & Gillaspy, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_14
Common factors
Wissow, L. (2006) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.10.001
Bibliography
(2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398269-8.16001-6
Sleep
Savard, M., & Savard, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77432-9_13
Optimizing Patient Care in Psychiatry – OCD and Habit Disorders
Siddiqui, J. A., & Qureshi, S. F. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429030260-29
Preferences for sleep tip information
Torsein, A. S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14668446
Preferences for sleep tip information
Torsein, A. S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14668446.v1
Literatur
(2022) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666408076.156
Long-term conditions within a Primary Care Psychology/IAPT service
Hawkes, L., Ruddle, G., & Freeman, J. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Forum · doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2012.1.237.16
Theoretical Paper Exploring the effective length of therapy in a healthcare organisation
Noble, J. (2015) · Counselling Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpscpr.2015.30.4.57
Urbanization Impact Arising from the Behavioral Shift of Citizens and Consumers in a Post-pandemic World
Maiti, T., Maiti, A., Maiti, B., & Singh, T. (2023) · Footprints of regional science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21983-2_9
Exploring current perceptions and experiences of working with older adults within an IAPT service: Barriers and ways to overcome
Porter, R., & Devlin, K. (2023) · FPOP Bulletin Psychology of Older People · doi:10.53841/bpsfpop.2023.1.162.24
Psychische Gesundheit: Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze in der dezentralen Versorgung von Geflüchteten
Schmid, S., & Utler, A. (2023) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666408663.193
First, do no harm: Cautionary reflections on the assessment and diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders
Gibbard, W. B., Ryce, A., & Lanphear, N. E. (2023) · Developments in neuroethics and bioethics · doi:10.1016/bs.dnb.2023.06.001
Acceptability and Usability of a Theory-Driven Intervention via Email to Promote Physical Activity in Women Who Are Overweight or Obese: Substudy Within a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brunet, J., Sharma, S., Price, J., & Black, M. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/48301
“Accordingly, a stepped care model [57] may be a solution, that is, a fully automated intervention could be initiated first, followed by increased human involvement as needed (eg, stepping up the level of provider involvement to more intensive coaching or other forms of support).”
Chapter 1. The Benefits of ACT in Psychiatric Practice
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks01
Chapter 6. The Art and Science of Functional Psychopharmacology
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks06
Chapter 10. Teaching ACT in Residency, Institutional, and Programmatic Settings
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks10
Chapter 4. Learning to Treat Your Patient With CARE
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks04
Chapter 5. ACT Dancing
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks05
Chapter 7. ACT in Outpatient Psychiatric Practice
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks07
Chapter 3. The Practice of Functional Psychiatry
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks03
Chapter 9. ACT in the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks09
Chapter 2. An Overview of ACT
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks02
Chapter 8. ACT in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
(2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375325.ks08
Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Interventions
Jin, H., Jalali, A., Wijnen, B. F. M., & Bao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-3692-6
Psychology service model redesign: direct to psychology and stepped care in the multidisciplinary sleep service
Winter, S. (2023) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2023.2279121
“…refers to a service delivery model allowing a relatively scarce healthcare expertise (e.g., specialist psychologist with expertise in the assessment and management of sleep disorders) to be applied in a cost-effective way to achieve timely and high quality clinical care (Bower & Gilbody, 2005).”
Background
Oil and Water: Why the Legal Risk Paradigm Conflicts with Good Therapy
Sidman, K., & Jacques, J. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-45206-2_12
A new deal for dynamic psychotherapies: The psychoanalyst as street‐level bureaucrat
Clarke, J. C. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies · doi:10.1002/aps.1848
Evaluation of a Two-Tiered Coaching Programme for Parents of Young Autistic Children
van Noorden, L. E. (2024) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.25303966 · Cited by 1
ADDRESSING MENTAL HEALTH IN PRIMARY CARE: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES
Alqarafi, A. H., Aloufi, M. S., Mosly, A. F., Alsharari, W. N., Alsharari, M. F., Alraddadi, R. A., Alraddadi, S. A., Arishi, N. H., & Alshahrani, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5769
Recommendation: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R1/PR5
Contreras, C. C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr5
Author comment: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R1/PR4
Contreras, C. C. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr4
Decision: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R1/PR6
Contreras, C. C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr6
Decision: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R0/PR3
Contreras, C. C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr3
Recommendation: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R0/PR2
Contreras, C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr2
Decision: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R2/PR9
Contreras, C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr9
Recommendation: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R2/PR8
Contreras, C. C., Cruz, J. S., Galea, J. T., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr8
Author comment: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R0/PR1
Contreras, C. C. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr1
Author comment: Programmatic implementation of depression screening and remote mental health support sessions for persons recently diagnosed with TB in Lima, Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic — R2/PR7
Contreras, C. C. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.21.pr7
Formative development and evaluation of intervention components within a transdiagnostic school mental health programme for adolescents in New Delhi, India
Parikh, R. (2023) · doi:10.5463/thesis.200
Unterstützung für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene in und nach gesellschaftlichen Krisen
Fegert, J. M., Erlewein, K., & Gossmann, E. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_130
Using a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, case management and eHealth components for patients with depression or panic disorders in primary care practices in Hesse, Germany: an exploration of healthcare professionals’ lived experiences
Hanf, M., Körner, C., Lukaschek, K., Gensichen, J. S., Lezius, S., Zapf, A., Heider, D., König, H., Hansen, S., van den Akker, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-024-00121-9
“Research on approaches such as Balint groups [54, 55], stepped care [56, 57], and collaborative care [17] (which are often part of stepped care strategies) found that specific training and supervision for MAs, as well as for GPs, are essential to meet the complex demands of the carer-patient…”
Background
Whose Job is it Anyway? A Qualitative Study of Providers’ Perspectives on Diagnosing Anxiety Disorders in Integrated Health Settings
Chen, P. V., Singh, H., Hundt, N. E., Kunik, M. E., Stanley, M. A., Plasencia, M., & Fletcher, T. L. (2024) · Feminist Issues · doi:10.1007/s11414-024-09909-z
“20 Stepped care models are used to address over-burdened health care systems through the conscientious allocation of treatment resources (i.e., personnel) 21 .”
Brief Interventions for Anxiety
Caporino, N. E. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.04.019
Stepped Care Model in Integrated Evidence-Based Practice Relational Psychotherapy
Compare, A., Poletti, B., Pievani, L., Stringo, J., & Tona, A. L. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71904-2_22
Low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy interventions (guided self-help)
Chellingsworth, M. (2025) · doi:10.1093/med/9780192864048.003.0013
D.R.E.A.M. App to Promote the Mental Health in Higher Education Students
Vaz, C. B., Galvão, A. M., Pais, C., & Pinheiro, M. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83435-6_22
Predicting Outcomes from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Bayesian Network AnalysisPreprint
Rogerson, E., Simmonds‐Buckley, M., Kellett, S., & Delgadillo, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5253427
Commentary: Moving from research to clinical support for caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate
Cooke, F., & Sharkey, C. M. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf046
From Challenges to Change: Reflections on Integrated Care and Australian Rural Mental Health
Dalton, H. E., & Perkins, D. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25376-8_110-1
The RISE Protocol: A Proposed Framework to Reduce Time-to-Intervention in AI-Driven Mental Health Risk Detection (Preprint)Preprint
Roychowdhury, P. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.82983
Transdiagnostic Effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula DEP‐2306 on Improving Sleep and Mood in Adults With Depressive Episode With Insufficient Symptoms: A Real‐World Study
Tang, H. T., Zong, Q., Fang, H., Wang, R., Yeung, A., Yu, D. J., & Bian, Z. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70104
“…treatments show a moderate effect size of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.23–0.60) in improving depressive symptoms among the DEIS population (Cuijpers et al. 2007), the lack of trained professionals restricts access to timely non‐pharmacological interventions (Bower and Gilbody 2005; Lovell and Richards 2000).”
Influential
Artificial Intelligence and Human Psychology
Karahan, F. Ş. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1479-2.ch003
Development of Virtual Mental Health Stepped Care Service for a Heart Failure Remote Management Program: Qualitative Study (Preprint)Preprint
Shah, A., Feroz, A. S., Sheehan, K., Wright, S., Nolan, R. P., Strudwick, G., Sockalingam, S., & Seto, E. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.82139
Safely Integrating AI Powered Therapy Chatbots Into ADHD Care: A Nurse Led, Risk Tiered Policy Framework for Therapy Chatbots and Virtual Companions (Preprint)Preprint
Kubota, K., & Ishibashi, S. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.86237
Psicopatologia dell'adolescenza e risposta clinico-organizzativa: l'esperienza del Centro Diurno Aïda di Reggio Emilia
Poletti, M., Iannuzzi, V., & Daolio, O. (2025) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2025-002006
From Challenges to Change: Reflections on Integrated Care and Australian Rural Mental Health
Dalton, H. E., & Perkins, D. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96286-8_110
The World of E-Therapy And Mental Health Digital Applications
(2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-594-320251003
Status of Technologies
(2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-594-320251004
Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine on improving sleep and mental health in adults: Study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Tang, H. T., Wong, H. K., Luo, J., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Zhai, L., Chan, N. Y., Wing, Y., Li, S. X., Yeung, W.-F., et al. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.163698.1
The effectiveness of the Moms’ Empowerment Program (MEP) in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms among Iranian mothers surviving intimate partner violence
Isanejad, O., Naghibalsadate, S., & Graham‐Bermann, S. A. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03819-1 · Cited by 1
“This strongly argues for future research to explore adaptive, stepped-care models, where a program like the MEP serves as the critical first tier, preparing and stabilizing survivors for deeper therapeutic work if and when it is needed [52].”
Bridging the Wellbeing Gap: Introducing a Low-Intensity Newsletter Initiative to Acute Adult Mental Health SettingsPreprint
Hastings, K. E., & Jenkins, H. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8186768/v1
Development of a stand-alone eHealth treatment: iCamperdown
Alateras, C., O’Brian, S., Onslow, M., Hearne, A., Carey, B., Menzies, R. G., Packman, A., & Lowe, R. (2025) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106189 · Cited by 1
Predictors of change in treatment outcome for parent-delivered guided CBT bibliotherapy for children with anxiety: Effects of age, severity and comorbidity at long term follow-up
Brown, A. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Distress, Emotional reactivity and Fatigue following Breast Cancer : A Theoretical Approach and a Randomised Intervention Study
Rissanen, R. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Phenomenology of bowel/bladder-control anxiety
Langhoff, C. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Cognitive behavioural therapy for non-cardiac chest pain
Brown, S. L. (2013) · ERA
Binge-Eating-Störung: Der Einsatz moderner Informations-technologien im Rahmen einer kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung
Shapiro, J. R., & Bulik, C. M. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75736-8_12
Enhancing the reach and impact of parenting interventions for toddler externalising and aggressive behaviours
Tully, L. A. (2014) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Additional file 2 of Patients’ perspectives on the quality of care of a new complex psycho-oncological care programme in Germany – external mixed methods evaluation results
Cecon, N., der Salm, S. M. A. V., Pfaff, H., Dresen, A., & Krieger, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26604415
Additional file 1 of Study protocol for the evaluation of Fear-Less: a stepped-care program for fear of cancer recurrence in survivors with early-stage disease
Tran, M. J., Jefford, M., Smith, B., Lynch, F., Dhillon, H. M., Shaw, J., McDowell, L. J., White, A., Halloran, C., Wiesenfeld, D., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20472435

Authors: Bower, P., & Gilbody, S.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Bower, Peter
ORCID: Bower, Peter
Gilbody, Simon
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 186
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-17
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11
OpenAlex: W2160548159
Cited by: 1,084
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 76 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 3.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 4749 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: stepped care, psychotherapy, minimal intervention, brief intervention, access to mental health care, service supply and demand, treatment efficiency, cost-effectiveness, treatment acceptability, resource utilization (health care)
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Humans, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychotherapy, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Stepped care in psychological therapies: access, effectiveness and efficiency: Narrative literature review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks