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Information, consent and perceived coercion: patients' perspectives on electroconvulsive therapy
Open accessAbstract
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure that attracts special safeguards under common law for voluntary patients and under both current and proposed mental health legislation, for those receiving compulsory treatment. Aims: To review patients' views on issues of information, consent and perceived coercion. Method: Seventeen papers and reports were identified that dealt with patients' views on information and consent in relation to ECT; 134 ‘testimonies' or first-hand accounts were identified. The papers and reports were subjected to a descriptive systematic review. The testimony data were analysed qualitatively. Results: Approximately half the patients reported that they had received sufficient information about ECT and side-effects. Approximately a third did not feel they had freely consented to ECTeven when they had signed a consent form. Clinician-led research evaluates these findings to mean that patients trust their doctors, whereas user-led work evaluates similar findings as showing inadequacies in informed consent. Conclusion: Neither current nor proposed safeguards for patients are sufficient to ensure informed consent with respect to ECT, at least in England and Wales.
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In a review of the literature on patients' perspectives of electroconvulsive therapy, only 50% of patients felt they were given sufficient information.
“In a review of the literature on patients’ perspectives of electroconvulsive therapy, it was documented that only 50% of patients felt they were given sufficient information”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
In that review, a third of patients felt they did not consent freely to receiving electroconvulsive therapy despite having signed the consent form.
“and a third felt they did not consent freely to receiving electroconvulsive therapy despite having signed the consent form”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Lack of information led to feeling coerced in the electroconvulsive therapy review.
“indicating that lack of information led to feeling coerced [62].”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
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Tullio, V., Zerbo, S., Lanzarone, A., Procaccianti, S., & Argo, A. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010253
Capacity, consent and electroconvulsive therapy: What is the next step forward?
Jagadheesan, K., & Lakra, V. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674211036347
Knowledge & Attitudes Towards Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Psychiatric Patients & their Spouses.
Shrama, D. M., & Mohanty, D. S. (2021) · International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications · doi:10.29322/ijsrp.11.07.2021.p11514
Electroconvulsive therapy: a clinical case study and review
Rushton, E., Jones, E. S., & Roberts, D. (2021) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2020.0043
(2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.fm01
Chapter 5. Economic Consequences of Revising the Diagnostic Nomenclature for Mental Disorders
Goldman, H. H., Horvitz-Lennon, M. V., Hu, T. W., Alegria, M. M., Chisholm, D., Heinze, G., Njenga, F. G., Regier, D. A., & Sayce, L. (2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.lg05
Saxena, S., Sharan, P., Botbol, M., Hasin, D. S., Herrman, H., Hosman, C. M. H., Jané‐Llopis, E., Reiss, D., & Sturgeon, S. (2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.lg02
Gask, L. L., Dowrick, C. F., Fortes, S., Katerndahl, D. A., Gureje, O., Klinkman, M. S., Arroll, B., Saeed, K., & deGruy, F. V. (2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.lg03
(2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.index
Chapter 7. Statistics and Information Systems
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Üstün, B., Barbato, A., Hwang, T., Jakob, R., Janca, A., Kastrup, M. C., Kennedy, C., Kostanjek, N., Mavreas, V., Narrow, W. E., et al. (2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767.lg09
Chapter 4. Use of Diagnosis in Forensic Psychiatry
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ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY AS AN AUGMENTATION STRATEGY IN CLOZAPINE-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA
Zagajewska, A., Giba, A., Krygowska, A. M., Wąsik, M., Słupik, D., Reda, A., Śledziewska, A. M., Cyrkler, M., & Sieradocha, K. (2025) · Archiv Euromedica · doi:10.35630/2025/15/4.009
Metadata
- Authors
- Rose, D. S., Wykes, T. H., Bindman, J. P., & Fleischmann, P. S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rose, Dana S.
- ORCID
- Wykes, Til H.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-59
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2114874120
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Keywords
- electroconvulsive therapy, informed consent, perceived coercion, patient perspectives, patient information, involuntary treatment, mental health law, patient testimony
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Electroconvulsive Therapy, England, Humans, Informed Consent, Patient Education as Topic, Wales
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