The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: In spite of the growing literature about adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of this disorder. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD and to identify its demographic correlates using meta-regression analysis. Method: We used the MEDLINE, PsycLit and EMBASE databases as well as hand-searching to find relevant publications. Results: The pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). Gender and mean age, interacting with each other, were significantly related to prevalence of ADHD. Metaregression analysis indicated that the proportion of participants with ADHD decreased with age when men and women were equally represented in the sample. Conclusions: Prevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population. We think, however, that the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“it is unclear whether the prevalence of adult ADHD changes with age.”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“When defining adult ADHD with the DSM-IV criteria, EG Willcutt estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 5.0% based on 11 studies published between 1996 and 2011 [15,16].”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of six studies with over 5,300 participants estimated the prevalence of ADHD in adulthood to be 2.5%”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“compared to childhood ADHD, adult ADHD has received far less research attention”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, adult ADHD does rarely occur without other comorbid psychiatric symptoms and most adults with ADHD suffer from additional psychiatric disorders during their lifetime (Simon et al. 2009; de Zwaan et al. 2012).”
From ADHD and associated psychopathology in older adults in a German community sample (2023) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“previous systematic reviews and metaanalyses of ADHD prevalence in children, adolescents and young adults (Polanczyk et al., 2007;Thomas et al., 2015;Simon et al., 2009;Polanczyk et al., 2014;Willcutt, 2012), have shown that prevalence estimates are highly heterogeneous mostly due to methodological differences of included studies.”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and 2.5 % (95 % CI = 2.1, 3.1) of adults across the world (Simon et al., 2009).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These estimates are lower than previously identified pooled prevalence estimates based on validated scales: 2.5 % (95 % CI = 2.1, 3.1) in adults with the mean age of 34, (Simon et al., 2009) and 5.0 % (95 % CI = 4.1, 6.2) in young adults (Willcutt, 2012).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Significant heterogeneity across studies has previously been identified in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence in children and adults, mostly due to methodological differences (Polanczyk et al., 2007;Simon et al., 2009;Willcutt, 2012).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Given the fact that studies that require both a childhood-onset and adult symptoms (persistent adult ADHD) report lower prevalence estimates than those that do not (symptomatic adult ADHD), it is necessary to separately provide prevalence estimates for those two distinct groups.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies published between 1996 and 2005, V Simon and colleagues estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5%.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 5% of children and adolescents and 2.5% of adults worldwide.”
From Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“adult ADHD definitions strongly varying between studies”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the findings of Song et al. establish that the decrease in the population prevalence of ADHD that sets in during adolescence continues across adulthood [7,8].”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“few large population-based data sets spanning the full adult lifespan available [4-7]”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The rate of adult ADHD is lower with around 3% (Fayyad et al. 2007; Kessler et al. 2006; Simon et al. 2009; Song et al. 2021).”
From ADHD and associated psychopathology in older adults in a German community sample (2023) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Another limitation in studies of ADHD in older adults is the use of retrospective reporting of childhood symptoms and recall bias, and a potential underestimation of the prevalence (Simon et al., 2009).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As indicated in the previous two systematic reviews of adult ADHD, the definitions of adult ADHD in epidemiological studies varied significantly.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The general population prevalence of ADHD in adults has been estimated to be 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-3.1)[14]”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analysis finds that this association is negative (Simon et al. 2009), a result that we replicate in the WMH surveys despite the fact that the age range of our sample was truncated (18–44)”
From The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the world health organization world mental health surveys (2017) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of ADHD in adults estimated from epidemiological studies is in the range of 2-5% [16-19].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Despite its declining prevalence with age, ADHD symptoms in some affected patients persist into adulthood, affecting ∼2.5% of the adult population (Simon et al., 2009).”
From A positron emission tomography study of nigro-striatal dopaminergic mechanisms underlying attention: implications for ADHD and its treatment (2013) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346
Ericsson (1993) · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.3.215 · Cited by 4,539
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886
Castellanos, F. X. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1740 · Cited by 1,646
Advanced methods in meta‐analysis: multivariate approach and meta‐regression
van Houwelingen, H. C., Arends, L. R., & Stijnen, T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1040 · Cited by 1,599
Biederman, J. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.816 · Cited by 1,498
Mannuzza, S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007 · Cited by 1,368
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Nisbett, 1977, Telling more than we know, Psychol Rev, 74
- 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,003
Zhu, F., Liu, B., Kuang, D., Zhu, X., Bi, X., Song, Y., Quan, T., Yang, Y., & Ren, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1236636 · Cited by 11
Vithana, K. V. G. S. G., & Asurakkody, T. A. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02331-2 · Cited by 11
ASD and ADHD symptoms in 18-year-olds – A population-based study of twins born 1993 to 2001
Arvidsson, O., Brikell, I., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Johnson, M., Gillberg, C., & Lundström, S. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116613 · Cited by 11
Edinoff, A. N., Apgar, T. L., Rogers, J. J., Harper, J. D., Cornett, E. M., Kaye, A. M., & Kaye, A. D. (2021) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint3010002 · Cited by 12
Arpawong, T. E., Klopack, E. T., Kim, J. K., & Crimmins, E. M. (2023) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-023-01484-y · Cited by 14
Johns‐Mead, R., Vijayakumar, N., Mulraney, M., Melvin, G. A., Youssef, G. J., Sciberras, E., Anderson, V. A., Nicholson, J. M., Efron, D., Hazel, P., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13818 · Cited by 11
Einziger, T., Devor, T., Ben‐Shachar, M. S., Arazi, A., Dinstein, I., Klein, C., Auerbach, J. G., & Berger, A. (2023) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.007 · Cited by 11
Seitz, A., Wapp, M., Burren, Y., Stutz, S., Schläfli, K., & Moggi, F. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12000.x · Cited by 7
Grünblatt, E., Geissler, J. M., Jacob, C., Renner, T., Müller, M., Bartl, J., Gross-Lesch, S., Riederer, P., Lesch, K., Walitza, S., et al. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0074-6 · Cited by 13
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder reduces automatic attention in young adults
Sable, J. J., Knopf, K. L., Kyle, M. R., Schully, L. T., Brooks, M. M., Parry, K. H., Thompson, I. A., Suna, E. B., Stowe, R., Flink, L. A., et al. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12012 · Cited by 11
Does age of onset of impairment impact on neuropsychological and personality features of adult ADHD?
Guimarães-da-Silva, P. O., Silva, K. L., Grevet, E. H., Salgado, C. A. I., Karam, R. G., Victor, M. M., Vitola, E. S., Mota, N. R., Fischer, A. G., Picon, F. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.06.010 · Cited by 14
Pulay, A. J., Bitter, I., Papp, S., Gulàcsi, L., Péntek, M., Brodszky, V., Hevér, N. V., Rencz, F., & Baji, P. (2016) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-016-9467-6 · Cited by 11
Self-citationAttention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Considerations for Women
Marraccini, M. E., Weyandt, L. L., Guðmundsdóttir, B. G., Oster, D. R., & McCallum, A. (2017) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12671 · Cited by 11
Expression of the ADHD candidate gene Diras2 in the brain
Grünewald, L., Becker, N., Camphausen, A., O’Leary, A., Lesch, K., Freudenberg, F., & Reif, A. (2018) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-018-1867-3 · Cited by 12
Moharreri, F., Vakilzadeh, A. K., Soltanifar, A., Abdollahian, E., Eslami, S., & Nahidi, M. (2018) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2018.08.003 · Cited by 11
McNeill, R. V., Palladino, V. S., Brunkhorst-Kanaan, N., Grimm, O., Reif, A., & Kittel‐Schneider, S. (2020) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2020.1809014 · Cited by 11
Walitza, S., Drechsler, R., & Ball (2012) · Therapeutische Umschau · doi:10.1024/0040-5930/a000316 · Cited by 11
Keezer, R. D., Leib, S. I., Scimeca, L. M., Smith, J., Holbrook, L. R., Sharp, D. W., Jennette, K. J., Ovsiew, G. P., Resch, Z. J., & Soble, J. R. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1983575 · Cited by 11
Kiive, E., & Harro, J. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.04.004 · Cited by 12
Bruyckere, K. D., Bushe, C., Bartel, C., Berggren, L., Kan, C. C., & Dittmann, R. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0346-3 · Cited by 11
Das deutsche Forschungsnetz zu psychischen Erkrankungen
Bauer, M., Banaschewski, T., Heinz, A., Kamp‐Becker, I., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Padberg, F., Rapp, M. A., Rupprecht, R., Schneider, F. W., Schulze, T. G., et al. (2016) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-016-0169-y · Cited by 12
Population Base Rates and Disease Course of Common Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Andren, K. A. K., Gabel, N., Stelmokas, J., Rich, A. M., & Bieliauskas, L. A. (2017) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9357-1 · Cited by 11
Extended-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Boesen, K., Danborg, P. B., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Jørgensen, K. J. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012857 · Cited by 11
ADHD and associated psychopathology in older adults in a German community sample
Müller, M., Turner, D., Barra, S., Rösler, M., & Retz, W. (2023) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-022-02584-4 · Cited by 10
Schoeman, R., & De Klerk, M. (2017) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23.1010 · Cited by 10
Mishra, S. K., Chaudhary, V., Saraswathy, K. N., Shekhawat, L. S., & Devi, N. K. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-024-02697-z · Cited by 10
Zhou, H., Sun, W., Ning, L., Kang, J., Jin, Y., & Dong, C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111585 · Cited by 10
Takım, U., Belli, H., Gökçay, H., Köse, H., Akgül, H. A., & Çakır, A. (2024) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241630 · Cited by 10
Assessing suicidality in adult ADHD patients: prevalence and related factors
Salvo, G. D., Perotti, C., Filippo, L., Garrone, C., Rosso, G., & Maina, G. (2024) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00528-8 · Cited by 10
Domenico, C. D., Alito, A., Leonardi, G., Pironti, E., Cara, M. D., Piccolo, A., Settimo, C., Quartarone, A., Gagliano, A., & Cucinotta, F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14114000 · Cited by 10
Aslan, M. G., Uzun, F., Fındık, H., Kaçar, M., Okutucu, M., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2020) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-020-04658-z · Cited by 10
Papanastasiou, G., Drigas, A. S., & Papanastasiou, P. (2021) · Scientific Electronic Archives · doi:10.36560/14920211441 · Cited by 10
Schleupner, H. V., & Carmichael, M. J. (2022) · Women · doi:10.3390/women2030023 · Cited by 11
Schirl, J., Ruth, E., & Zemp, M. (2022) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-022-00082-2 · Cited by 10
Carvalho, G. F. D. S., Costa, T. V. M. M., Nascimento, A. M., Wolff, B. M., Damasceno, J. G., Vieira, L. L., Almeida, V. T., Oliveira, Y. G., de Mello, C. B., Muszkat, M., et al. (2023) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107714 · Cited by 10
Ahlberg, R., Garcia‐Argibay, M., Rietz, E. D., Butwicka, A., Cortese, S., D'Onofrio, B. M., Ludvigsson, J. F., & Larsson, H. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.015 · Cited by 12
Carli, G., Cavicchioli, M., Martini, A. L., Bruscoli, M., Manfredi, A., Presotto, L., Mazzeo, C., Sestini, S., & Perani, D. (2023) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2022.0076 · Cited by 10
Bazelmans, T., Scerif, G., Holmboe, K., Gonzalez‐Gomez, N., & Hendry, A. J. (2023) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12469 · Cited by 10
Musabyimana, J.-P., Musa, S., Manti, J., Distler, U., Tenzer, S., Ngwa, C. J., & Pradel, G. (2024) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00495-24 · Cited by 10
Alawam, K. (2014) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00009-9 · Cited by 11
Koutsilieri, E., Riederer, P. F., du Plessis, S., & Scheller, C. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0134-1 · Cited by 12
Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with acupuncture: A randomized controlled trial
Hong, S.-S., & Cho, S. (2015) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2015.11.018 · Cited by 10
Bushe, C., Sobanski, E., Coghill, D., Berggren, L., Bruyckere, K. D., & Leppämäki, S. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0323-x · Cited by 10
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung über die Lebensspanne
Christiansen, H. (2016) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000446337 · Cited by 10
Silbernagl, M., Slamanig, R., Stegemann, M., Sterzer, M., Mayer, L., Fischer, G., & Unger, A. (2019) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000496351 · Cited by 10
Huang, J., Ulke, C., & Strauss, M. (2019) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-019-0526-4 · Cited by 10
Aradhya, A. M. S., Subbaraju, V., Sundaram, S., & Sundararajan, N. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115074 · Cited by 10
Nasser, A., Kosheleff, A. R., Hull, J. T., Liranso, T., Qin, P.-B., Busse, G., Fava, M., Maletić, V., Rubin, J., & López, F. (2021) · International journal of clinical practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14330 · Cited by 11
Ulrich, M., Heckel, K., Kölle, M. A., & Grön, G. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11091320 · Cited by 10
Edebol, H., Helldin, L., Holmberg, E., Gustafsson, S.-A., & Norlander, T. (2011) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i3.143 · Cited by 10
Sánchez‐García, M., Fernández‐Calderón, F., Carmona, J., Chico-Garcia, M., Vélez-Moreno, A., & Perez-Gomez, L. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000064 · Cited by 10
Freitag, C. M., Lempp, T., Nguyen, T. T., Jacob, C., Weißflog, L., Romanos, M., Renner, T., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Rujescu, D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1553-2 · Cited by 10
Soendergaard, H. M., Thomsen, P. H., Pedersen, P., Pedersen, E., Poulsen, A. E., Nielsen, J. M., Winther, L., Henriksen, A., Rungoe, B., & Søgaard, H. J. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Lee, S., Choi, J.-W., Kim, K.-M., Kim, J. W., Kim, S.-Y., Kang, T.-W., Kim, J. I., Lee, Y. S., Kim, B., Han, D. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.2016.27.4.236 · Cited by 10
Cheng, Y., Shyu, Y., Lee, S.-Y., Yuan, S., Yang, C., Yang, K., Lee, T., & Wang, L. (2017) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s126438 · Cited by 10
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: de padres a hijos
Vélez-van-Meerbeke, A., Talero‐Gutiérrez, C., Zamora-Miramón, I., & Guzmán-Ramírez, G. M. (2015) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2015.09.001 · Cited by 10
Demirci, K., BAŞ, F. Y., Arslan, B., Salman, Z., Akpınar, A., & Demirdaş, A. (2016) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.5152/npa.2016.12464 · Cited by 10
Sarıyer, M. N., Özkan, E. T., & Fidan, T. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231177236 · Cited by 9
Emotional dysregulation and stimulant medication in adult ADHD
Greenfield, M. S., Wang, Y., Hamilton, J. P., Thunberg, P., & Msghina, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.240009 · Cited by 10
Qin, H., Zhang, L., Wang, J., Yan, W., Wang, X., Qu, X., Peng, N., & Wang, L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06573-1 · Cited by 9
Leffa, D. T., Povala, G., Bellaver, B., Ferrari‐Souza, J. P., Ferreira, P. C. L., Lussier, F. Z., Aguzzoli, C. S., Soares, C., Zalzale, H., Rohden, F., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70003 · Cited by 10
Guðbrandsdóttir, R. K., Sigurðsson, E., Albertsson, Þ. Í., Jónsdóttir, H., & Ingimarsson, O. (2025) · BMJ Mental Health · doi:10.1136/bmjment-2024-301521 · Cited by 9
Dresler, T., Barth, B., Ethofer, T., Lesch, K., Ehlis, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2014) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/2051-6673-1-6 · Cited by 9
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among a sample of students from Tanta University
El-Hay, M. A. A., & Sawy, H. E. (2011) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.xme.0000398646.02923.fd · Cited by 9
Naya, N., Sakai, C., Okutsu, D., Kiguchi, R., Fujiwara, M., Tsuji, T., & Iwanami, A. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12152 · Cited by 9
Prevalence of methylphenidate use by Master of Medicine students at a South African university
Louw, W. A. N., & Davids, R. A. (2021) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140991 · Cited by 9
Walter, A., Martz, É., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098210 · Cited by 10
Abnormal wiring of the structural connectome in adults with ADHD
Tolonen, T., Roine, T., Alho, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Koski, A., Laine, M., & Salmi, J. (2023) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00326 · Cited by 10
Prevalence rate of ADHD in France: Review of the literature and results from ChiP-ARD study
Caci, H. M. (2023) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2023.05.006 · Cited by 9
Brancati, G. E., Rosa, U. D., Dominicis, F. D., Petrucci, A., Nannini, A., Medda, P., Schiavi, E., & Perugi, G. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13091251 · Cited by 9
Bassi, D., Moro, C., Orrù, L., & Turchi, G. P. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01767-w · Cited by 9
Lee, D. Y., Kim, C., Shin, Y., & Park, R. W. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38398 · Cited by 9
Response Trajectories and Temporal Trends of Viloxazine Treatment for Young People With ADHD
Yu, C., Kao, Y., Thompson, T., Stubbs, B., Tseng, P., Hsu, C.-W., Yang, F., Tu, Y., Hsu, T., & Liang, C. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.45885 · Cited by 9
Genetic Approaches to Understanding Psychiatric Disease
Michaelson, J. J. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0551-x · Cited by 11
Muster, R., Choudhury, S., Sharp, W. S., Kasparek, S. W., Sudre, G. P., & Shaw, P. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001241 · Cited by 9
ADHD Symptoms in Pathological and Problem Gamblers in Singapore
Mak, C. C. M., Tan, K. K., & Song, G. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071307 · Cited by 9
Does attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder medication reduce entrepreneurship?
Peltonen, J., Johansson, E., & Wincent, J. (2020) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4120 · Cited by 9
Jensen, C. M., Lange, A., Thomsen, P. H., & Daley, D. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1740781 · Cited by 9
Faria, J. C. M., Duarte, L. J. R., Ferreira, L. D. A., da Silveira, V. T., de Pádua, C. A. M., & Perini, É. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.13486 · Cited by 9
Popat, P., Dinu, L. M., Runswick, O. R., Findon, J. L., & Dommett, E. J. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00662-4 · Cited by 9
Aoki, Y., Tsuboi, T., Takaesu, Y., Watanabe, K., Nakayama, K., Kinoshita, Y., & Kayama, M. (2021) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13393 · Cited by 9
Management of ADHD in Prisoners—Evidence Gaps and Reasons for Caution
Tully, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.771525 · Cited by 10
Song, Z., Luo, G., Han, C., Jia, G., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/3607053 · Cited by 9
Scassellati, C., & Bonvicini, C. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/60860 · Cited by 11
Health-related quality of life in adults with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder
da Silva, M. A., Chaim, T. M., Cavallet, M., Serpa, M. H., Zanetti, M. V., Vieira, G. F., Busatto, G. F., & Louzã, M. R. (2014) · Medical Express · doi:10.5935/medicalexpress.2014.01.10 · Cited by 9
Are ADHD medications under or over prescribed worldwide?
Maia, C. R. M., Massuti, R., Tessari, L., Campani, F., Akutagava‐Martins, G. C., Cortese, S., & Rohde, L. A. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010923 · Cited by 9
Secondhand smoke as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children
Hamed, N. A. A., Hammad, E., Salama, R. H. M., yassa, H. A., & Awaga, M. M. (2019) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1705440 · Cited by 9
González, R. A., Vélez‐Pastrana, M. C., Blankers, M., Bäcker, A., Konstenius, M., Holtmann, M. H., LEVIN, F. R., Noack, M., Kaye, S. S., Demetrovics, Z., et al. (2020) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000508653 · Cited by 9
Navarro-Soria, I., Fenollar, J., Carbonell, J., & Real, M. (2020) · Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes · doi:10.21134/rpcna.2020.07.1.3 · Cited by 8
“Los síntomas emergen en la infancia, pero perduran en la adolescencia y edad adulta (Simon et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRangiwai, B. W. (2024) · AlterNative An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples · doi:10.1177/11771801241250058 · Cited by 11
Jeng, J., Huang, H.-H., Chang, W.-H., Cheng, C., Su, T., Chen, T., Tsai, S., & Chen, M. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02511-w · Cited by 8
Listening habits and subjective effects of background music in young adults with and without ADHD
Lachance, K.-A., Pelland-Goulet, P., & Gosselin, N. H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1508181 · Cited by 10
Weinhardt, J. M., Mai, I., & Young, S. (2025) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-025-10065-0 · Cited by 9
OROS methylphenidate hydrochloride for adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
McBurnett, K., & Starr, H. L. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.546058 · Cited by 8
Lindström, T., Suttner, A. K., Forster, M., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2022) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547221092120 · Cited by 8
Golsorkhi, H., Qorbani, M., Sabbaghzadegan, S., & Dadmehr, M. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22038/ajp.2022.21115 · Cited by 8
Zhang, F., Li, Y., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Wang, P., & Biswal, B. B. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13650 · Cited by 8
Assessment of pragmatic skills in adults with ADHD
Even‐Simkin, E. (2024) · Language and Health · doi:10.1016/j.laheal.2024.02.002 · Cited by 9
Madsen, M. G., Zhu, J. L., Munk‐Olsen, T., Wimberley, T., Larsson, H., Rommel, A., Liu, X., Kjeldsen, M. Z., Kittel‐Schneider, S., Bergink, V., et al. (2025) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-024-00671-5 · Cited by 8
Uygur, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1528979 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Simon, V., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Mészáros, Á., & Bitter, I.
- Affiliations
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Simon, Viktória
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 204-211
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2117104588
- Semantic Scholar
- 5b26e8f30b918f7a83a5c24dcc1dd769ad25fdcf
- Cited by
- 1,601
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, ADHD prevalence, demographic correlates, age differences, gender differences, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, underestimation of prevalence, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
