The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment with antipsychotics and the risk of diabetes in clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
Background: Treatment with antipsychotics seems to increase the risk of developing diabetes but the association is poorly characterised in clinical practice. Aims: To investigate and characterise the incidence of diabetes for people treated with antipsychotic medication in clinical practice. Method: The study used the linkage of registers of all prescribed antipsychotics, antidiabetics and diagnoses of diabetes in Denmark during a period from 1996 to 2005 and identified all people treated with antipsychotics in Denmark and a random sample of about 30% of the total Danish population. Results: In total, 345 937 patients who purchased antipsychotics and 1 426 488 unexposed individuals were included in the study. Among the total population, 50 379 individuals subsequently developed incident diabetes. Compared with unexposed individuals, treatment with first- (rate ratio, RR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.49–1.56) as well as second-generation (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.22–1.42) antipsychotics was associated with increased risk of subsequent incident diabetes. The rate of incident diabetes varied substantially between individual second-generation antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, risperidone clozapine compared with unexposed individuals: low to moderate rate ratio between 1.17 and 1.57; ziprasidone and sertindol: two or more times increased rate ratio; amisulpride, quetiapine and aripiprazole: no significantly increased rate ratio). For both first- and second-generation antipsychotics, the incidence of diabetes increased with the number of prescriptions. Additionally, the incidence of diabetes increased with the number of combined antipsychotic drugs. Conclusions: In clinical practice, treatment with first- and second-generation antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of developing incident diabetes with large differences between individual drugs. The risk increases with the duration of treatment and with polypharmacy of antipsychotic drugs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Variations in the risk for glucose abnormalities are evident in the literature, with the highest risk being associated with clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine in carefully designed studies 25,34,35 .”
From Diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and large scale meta‐analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“antipsychotics with lower cardiometabolic risk profiles in short-term studies are often prescribed for higher risk patients in clinical care, which may lead to a not reduced or even increased cardiometabolic risk in naturalistic settings (42).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, S. M., Davis, C. E., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051688 · Cited by 5,892
The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences.
Andersen, T. F., Madsen, M., Jørgensen, J. O. L., Mellemkjoer, L., & Olsen, J. H. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,026
Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes
Boehm, G., Racoosin, J. A., LAUGHREN, T. P., & Katz, R. G. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.2088-a · Cited by 1,204
The Danish Psychiatric Central Register.
Munk‐Jørgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 698
Prevalence and Correlates of Diabetes in National Schizophrenia Samples
Dixon, L. B., Weiden, P. J., Delahanty, J. C., Goldberg, R., Postrado, L. T., Lucksted, A. A., & Lehman, A. F. (2000) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033504 · Cited by 570
The Danish registers of causes of death.
Juel, K., & Helweg‐Larsen, K. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 410
Diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients
Mukherjee, S., Decina, P., Bocola, V., Saraceni, F., & Scapicchio, P. L. (1996) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90054-1 · Cited by 368
Regenold, W. T. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00456-6 · Cited by 290
Smith, M. J., Hopkins, D., Peveler, R., Holt, R. I. G., Woodward, M., & Ismail, K. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037184 · Cited by 274
Gianfrancesco, F. D., Grogg, A. L., Mahmoud, R. A., Wang, R., & Nasrallah, H. A. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n1010 · Cited by 238
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Kristensen, 2000, Identification of the Type 2 Diabetes Population in a Danish County and Evaluation of the Performed Care in a Five-Year Period
- 2009, National Diabetes Surveillance System
- Malig, 1996, The Civil Registration System in Denmark. Technical Paper No 66
- 2002, Medicinal Product Statistics
- 1993, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th revision [Danish version]
- 2003, ATC Index with DDDs
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–151 of 151
Dischinger, H. R., Cheng, E. C., Mann, A. D., Grueber, T. M., Hawk, S., Davis, L. A., Prochazka, A. V., Hutt, E., & Caplan, L. (2015) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.12351 · Cited by 3
A Case of Ziprasidone Associated with Acutely Worsened Diabetes Mellitus
Honigberg, M. C., Bui, M. P., & Coconcea, C. (2013) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2012.08.011 · Cited by 3
L0 regularisation for the estimation of piecewise constant hazard rates in survival analysisPreprint
Bouaziz, O., & Nuel, G. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.04595 · Cited by 3
Clinical Characterisation of the Co-Occurrence of Mental and Physical Disorders
Holt, R. I. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81802-8_6 · Cited by 2
Katagiri, H., Taketsuna, M., Kondo, S., Kajimoto, K., Aoi, E., & Tanji, Y. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s147124 · Cited by 2
Hyperglycemia Secondary to Nondiabetic Conditions and Therapies
Lebovitz, H. E. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00043-5 · Cited by 2
The role of aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders
Gorostowicz, A., & Siwek, M. (2018) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2018.0037 · Cited by 1
The Biopsychosocial Model Advanced by Evolutionary Theory
Hunt, A., John‐Smith, P. S., & Abed, R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623625.004 · Cited by 2
Kammer, J., Hosler, A. S., Leckman‐Westin, E., & DiRienzo, A. G. (2016) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2016.03.004 · Cited by 2
Ziprasidone and the relative risk of diabetes
Vanderburg, D. G., Keohane, D. J., Karayal, O. N., & Pappadopulos, E. A. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.198.2.157a · Cited by 2
Stogios, N., Prasannakumar, A., Mehra, K., Hahn, M., & Agarwal, S. M. (2025) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20250020 · Cited by 2
Hüppi, R. M., Bautista, L., Cecere, G., Omlor, W., Just, S. A., Koops, S., Hussain, M., Tedeschi, E., Benke-Bruderer, S., Bora, E., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114585 · Cited by 5
Aripiprazol: farmacología, eficacia clínica, seguridad y tolerabilidad en el adulto.
Belloso, F. J. D., & Loza, A. S. (2011) · Psiquiatria.com · Cited by 1
Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Schizophrenia. How to Counteract This Common Practice?
Suzuki, T., Uchida, H., Watanabe, K., & Mimura, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5799-8_6 · Cited by 1
Total smoking cessation and clozapine treatment - a diabetogenic combination?
Brown, A. R., Ferriter, M., & Milton, J. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01723.x · Cited by 1
Metabolic Syndrome and Antipsychotic Polypharmacy
Misawa, F., 藤井康男, Okumura, Y., & Ito, H. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5799-8_8 · Cited by 1
Perphenazine-Associated Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Maust, M. S., Muramatsu, R. S., Egan, K., & Ahmed, I. I. K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000359 · Cited by 1
Diabetogenic Effects Associated with Psychiatric Treatment
Mamakou, V., Eleftheriadou, I., Tentolouris, A., Sabanis, N., Drylli, A., & Tentolouris, N. (2018) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-018-0126-5 · Cited by 1
Outlier robust modeling of survival curves in the presence of potentially time-varying coefficients
Biccler, J. L., Bøgsted, M., Aelst, S. V., & Verdonck, T. (2020) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280220910193 · Cited by 1
Pharmakotherapie der therapieresistenten Schizophrenie
Leucht, S., & Dold, M. (2014) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1370281 · Cited by 1
Currie, O., Williman, J. A., Mangin, D. A., McKinnon-Gee, B., & Bridgford, P. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022984 · Cited by 1
Metabolic Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medication: An Overview
Lee, J. S. (2019) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2019.58.1.18 · Cited by 3
Hyperglycemia Secondary to Nondiabetic Conditions and Therapies
Lebovitz, H. E. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00042-1 · Cited by 1
Di, G., & Calò, S. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/26001
Redquest, B. K., & Lunsky, Y. (2020) · Tizard Learning Disability Review · doi:10.1108/tldr-11-2019-0035 · Cited by 1
Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses
(2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119870203.mpg001.pub2 · Cited by 2
Hüppi, R. M., Bautista, L., Cecere, G., Just, S. A., Koops, S., Hussain, M., Tedeschi, E., Benke-Bruderer, S., Bora, E., Lyne, J., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.25339774 · Cited by 1
Schwere psychische Erkrankungen und Diabetes mellitus Typ-2
De Hert, M., Detraux, J., Vancampfort, D., & Correll, C. (2012) · Lirias
Management von Nebenwirkungen für eine positive Langzeitprognose
Messer, T. (2014) · DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater · doi:10.1007/s15202-014-0714-0
Continuing lack of evidence for the psychotic subtyping of PTSD
Brietzke, E. M., Zugman, A., Asevedo, E. D. M., Mansur, R. B., & da Cunha, G. R. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.198.2.156
Treating patients with antipsychotics: an individualized management
Maia, L. C., Meireles, C. B., Miná, V. A. L., de Santana, F. M., Matias, D. M. G., Santos, A. D., Reis, A. O. A., & Neto, M. L. R. (2015) · International Archives of Medicine · doi:10.3823/1863
Nutzen und Risiken der Polypharmazie
Messer, T. (2012) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-012-0372-4
Maj, M., Ïðåçèäåíò, È., Tasman, A., & Herrman, H. (2011)
Valle, L. P. (2017) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.4565
Olanzapine - Focus on the Cardiometabolic Side Effects
Mitrović, M., Nikolic, T. R., Turnic, M., & Djurić, D. (2018) · Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research · doi:10.1515/sjecr-2017-0054
ROLE OF METFORMIN ON CLOZAPINE INDUCED DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS
Hussaini, S. S. M., Naikwadi, A., & Narsapur, V. U. (2018) · International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology (IJCRPP) · doi:10.31878/ijcrpp.2018.21.1
Karataş, K. S. (2019) · Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia · doi:10.14744/scie.2019.05924
Twenty years of adverse drug reactions: a look back – part 2
Ferner, R. E., & Anton, C. (2018) · Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin · doi:10.1097/fad.0000000000000034
Al-sayed, H. M., & Soliman, W. I. (2019) · Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4236/odem.2019.73008
Tordera-Tordera, V. (2019) · Revisiones en Psicofarmacolog�a · doi:10.24875/rpsic.m19000002
Cason, N.-M., Babeș, P. A., Béres, E., & Babeș, K. (2019) · Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0047
Hell, R. H., Nguedjo, M. W., Bilongo, C. S. M., Dibacto, R. E. K., Tchuente, B. R. T., Dimodi, H. T., Medoua, G. N., & Bassong, O. (2020) · Central African Journal of Public Health · doi:10.11648/j.cajph.20200606.18
Carvajal, A., & Arias, L. H. M. (2012) · Side effects of drugs annual · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59499-0.00006-4
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.01661-9
Friedrich, M. E., Fugiel, J., Goluch, Z., & Bruszkowska, M. (2022) · Przeglad Epidemiologiczny · doi:10.32394/pe.76.32
Ishikawa, S. (2023) · YAKUGAKU ZASSHI · doi:10.1248/yakushi.23-00105
Physical Health of Patients with Schizophrenia
Mohr, P., Štuhec, M., & Bitter, I. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009067287.014
The over‐35s: prediabetes and diabetes within an EIP service
Bandgar, R., Kelbrick, M., Paduret, G., & Jugon, S. (2024) · Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/pnp.830
Ali, S. (2020) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580406314.ch01
Kahwenga, K. D., Mnukwa, L., & Bronkhorst, E. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13121456 · Cited by 1
Bipolar disorder isn’t the same for everyone. So people should have more say in how they’re treated
Parker, G. B., & Spoelma, M. J. (2023) · doi:10.64628/aa.u7nxnjwsu
Metadata
- Authors
- Kessing, L. V., Thomsen, A. F., Mogensen, U. B., & Andersen, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Kessing, Lars Vedel
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 266-271
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2117234502
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- antipsychotic drugs, diabetes mellitus, new-onset diabetes, atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine, ziprasidone, sertindole, amisulpride, quetiapine, aripiprazole, polypharmacy, treatment duration, drug safety
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Drug Prescriptions, Antipsychotic Agents, Sex Distribution, Pharmacoepidemiology, Polypharmacy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
