Cited by 193Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Disorders

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Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis

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Cuijpers, Pim, Koole, Sander L., van Dijke, Annemiek, Roca, Miquel, Li, Juan, Reynolds, Charles F.·2014·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138784PMC PMC4180844

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Abstract

Background: There is controversy about whether psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of subclinical depression, defined by clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the absence of a major depressive disorder. Aims: To examine whether psychotherapies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, reduce the risk of developing major depressive disorder and have comparable effects to psychological treatment of major depression. Method: We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing a psychological treatment of subclinical depression with a control group. Results: The target groups, therapies and characteristics of the included studies differed considerably from each other, and the quality of many studies was not optimal. Psychotherapies did have a small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms against care as usual at the post-test assessment ( g = 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.47; NNT = 5, 95% CI 4–8) and significantly reduced the incidence of major depressive episodes at 6 months (RR = 0.61) and possibly at 12 months (RR = 0.74). The effects were significantly smaller than those of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder and could be accounted for by non-specific effects of treatment. Conclusions: Psychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of subclinical depression and reduce the incidence of major depression, but more high-quality research is needed.

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Authors: Cuijpers, P., Koole, S. L., van Dijke, A., Roca, M., Li, J., & Reynolds, C. F.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Cuijpers, Pim
ORCID: Cuijpers, Pim
Koole, Sander L.
Roca, Miquel
Reynolds, Charles F.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2014-10
Volume: 205
Issue: 4
Pages: 268-274
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138784
PMC: PMC4180844
OpenAlex: W2104231578
Semantic Scholar: 4c6c354e904fb4624d5893812307a4e05c6f5d81
Cited by: 193
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 2.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 1189 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH090333, P30 MH90333, MH90333)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords: subthreshold depression, psychotherapy, depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder, non-specific treatment effects, treatment effectiveness
MeSH terms: Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychotherapy, Treatment Outcome

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Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis

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