Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Introduction: Farmers have a high risk for depression (MDD). Preventive measures targeting this often remotely living population might reduce depression burden. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized telephone coaching in reducing depressive symptom severity and preventing MDD in farmers compared to enhanced treatment as usual (TAU + ). Methods: In a two-armed, pragmatic randomized controlled trial ( N = 314) with post-treatment at 6 months, farming entrepreneurs, collaborating family members and pensioners with elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) were randomized to personalized telephone coaching or TAU + . The coaching was provided by psychologists and consists on average of 13 (±7) sessions a 48 min (±15) over 6 months. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR16). Results: Coaching participants showed a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptom severity compared to TAU + ( d = 0.39). Whereas reliable symptom deterioration was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to TAU + , no significant group differences were found for reliable improvement and in depression onset. Further significant effects in favor of the intervention group were found for stress ( d = 0.34), anxiety ( d = 0.30), somatic symptoms ( d = 0.39), burnout risk ( d = 0.24–0.40) and quality of life ( d = 0.28). Discussion: Limiting, we did not apply an upper cutoff score for depressive symptom severity or controlled for previous MDD episodes, leaving open whether the coaching was recurrence/relapse prevention or early treatment. Nevertheless, personalized telephone coaching can effectively improve mental health in farmers. It could play an important role in intervening at an early stage of mental health problems and reducing disease burden related to MDD. Trial registration number and trial register: German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00015655
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent studies suggest benefits of multi-modal approaches tailored to the farming community, as the aetiology of problems in this community is diverse.
“These studies suggest the benefits of multi-modal approaches that are tailored to the farming community, as the aetiology of problems in this community is diverse.”
From Improving the mental health of farmers: what types of remote support are acceptable, feasible, and improve outcomes? A feasibility RCT (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
The findings in this qualitative study are coherent with the quantitative results observed in the associated RCT that suggested good acceptance (only 11% intervention dropout) and high satisfaction (CSQ-I: M=28.17, SD=5.58) in farmers.
“The findings in this qualitative study are coherent with the quantitative results observed in the associated RCT (Thielecke et al., 2022) that suggested good acceptance (e.g., only 11 % intervention dropout) and high satisfaction with the intervention (CSQ-I: M = 28.17, SD = 5.58) in farmers.”
The associated RCT showed a reduction in depressive symptom severity and further mental health outcomes including stress and anxiety.
“the RCT showed a reduction in depressive symptom severity and further mental health outcomes including stress and anxiety.”
The stated supporting aspects of a good coaching relationship and a realistic goal setting in the interviews corresponded to the observed ratings on the subscales of the working alliance questionnaire in the RCT.
“Similarly, the stated supporting aspects of a good coaching relationship and a realistic goal setting in the interviews corresponded to the observed ratings on the subscales of the working alliance questionnaire in the RCT.”
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701 · see citing works
Making sense of cronbach’s alpha.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011) · International Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd · Cited by 15,126 · see citing works
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
Bush, K. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789 · Cited by 6,196 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,832 · see citing works
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318160d093 · Cited by 4,527 · see citing works
Multiple imputation after 18+ years
Rubin, D. B. (1996) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1996.10476908 · Cited by 4,072 · see citing works
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., Ninan, P. T., Kornstein, S., Manber, R., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01866-8 · Cited by 3,829 · see citing works
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Patten, S. B., Freedman, G., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547 · Cited by 3,115 · see citing works
How Many Imputations are Really Needed? Some Practical Clarifications of Multiple Imputation Theory
Graham, J. W., Olchowski, A. E., & Gilreath, T. D. (2007) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-007-0070-9 · Cited by 2,795 · see citing works
Auerbach, R. P., Collaborators, W. W.-I., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., et al. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000362 · Cited by 2,522 · see citing works
Self-citationTelehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Smith, A. C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., & Caffery, L. J. (2020) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x20916567 · Cited by 1,828 · see citing works
Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement
Zwarenstein, M., Treweek, S., Gagnier, J. J., Altman, D. G., Tunis, S., Haynes, B., Oxman, A. D., Moher, D., & groups, F. T. C. A. P. T. I. H. (. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2390 · Cited by 1,813 · see citing works
The Economic Burden of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010)
Greenberg, P. E., Fournier, A.-A., Sisitsky, T., Pike, C. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09298 · Cited by 1,779 · see citing works
The client satisfaction questionnaire
Attkisson, C. C., & Zwick, R. (1982) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-x · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Size of Treatment Effects and Their Importance to Clinical Research and Practice
KRAEMER, H. C., & Kupfer, D. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.014 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
The Somatic Symptom Scale–8 (SSS-8): A Brief Measure of Somatic Symptom Burden
Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12179 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Andrews, G., Issakidis, C., Sanderson, K., Corry, J., & Lapsley, H. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.6.526 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Psychoeducation for depression, anxiety and psychological distress: a meta-analysis
Donker, T., Griffiths, K. M., Cuijpers, P., & Christensen, H. (2009) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-79 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Munder, T., Wilmers, F., Leonhart, R., Linster, H. W., & Barth, J. (2010) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.658 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Richardson, J., Iezzi, A., Khan, M. A., & Maxwell, A. (2014) · The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research · doi:10.1007/s40271-013-0036-x · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Porras‐Segovia, A., Dunne, H., Andrade‐González, N., & Cervilla, J. A. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0650 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
van Zoonen, K., Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Smit, F., Reynolds, C. F., Beekman, A. T., & Cuijpers, P. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt175 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citationBuilding on the momentum: Sustaining telehealth beyond COVID-19
Thomas, E. E., Haydon, H. M., Mehrotra, A., Caffery, L. J., Snoswell, C. L., Banbury, A., & Smith, A. C. (2020) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x20960638 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Bouwmans, C., De Jong, K., Timman, R., Zijlstra-Vlasveld, M., Van der Feltz-Cornelis, C., Tan, S. S., & Hakkaart-van Roijen, L. (2013) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-217 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
The socio-economic impact of telehealth: A systematic review
Jennett, P. A., Hall, L. A., Hailey, D. M., Ohinmaa, A. E., Anderson, C., Thomas, R. E., Young, B., Lorenzetti, D., & Scott, R. E. (2003) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/135763303771005207 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Key Risk Factors Affecting Farmers’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Daghagh Yazd, S., Wheeler, S. A., & Zuo, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234849 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of internet interventions
Rozental, A., Andersson, G., Boettcher, J., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Knaevelsrud, C., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Titov, N., & Carlbring, P. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.02.001 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citationReducing the global burden of depression
Chisholm, D., Sanderson, K. A., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., & Saxena, S. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.5.393 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
(1997) · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Mohr, D. C., Ho, J., Duffecy, J., Reifler, D., Sokol, L., Burns, M. N., Jin, L., & Siddique, J. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5588 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Mitchell, A., Yadegarfar, M., Gill, J., & Stubbs, B. (2016) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001685 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Wrigley, S., Jackson, H. J., Judd, F. K., & Komiti, A. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01612.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
How much psychotherapy is needed to treat depression? A metaregression analysis
Cuijpers, P., Huibers, M., Daniel Ebert, D., Koole, S. L., & Andersson, G. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.030 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiner, J. P., Bandeian, S., Hatef, E., Lans, D., Liu, A. H.-C., & Lemke, K. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.2618 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Calculating Confidence Intervals for the Number Needed to Treat
Bender, R. (2001) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(00)00134-3 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The Burden of Major Depression Avoidable by Longer-term Treatment Strategies
Vos, T., Haby, M. M., Barendregt, J. J., Kruijshaar, M., Corry, J., & Andrews, G. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1097 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., Koole, S. L., van Dijke, A., Roca, M., Li, J., & Reynolds, C. F. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138784 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Diagnostische Verfahren in der Psychotherapie
(2016) · Hogrefe eBooks · doi:10.1026/02700-000 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Understanding suicide in Australian farmers
Judd, F., Jackson, H., Fraser, C., Murray, G., Robins, G., & Komiti, A. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0007-1 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Using telehealth to remediate rural mental health and healthcare disparities
Myers, C. R. (2019) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2018.1499157 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Pineda, B. S., Quero, S., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., Figueroa, C. A., Llamas, J. A., Furukawa, T. A., & Muñoz, R. F. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101955 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Promise and Perils of Telehealth in the Current Era
Mahtta, D., Daher, M., Lee, M., Sayani, S., Shishehbor, M. H., & Virani, S. S. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01544-w · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Reis, D., Lehr, D., Heber, E., & Ebert, D. D. (2019) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191117715731 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationJackson, H., Judd, F., Komiti, A., Fraser, C., Murray, G., Robins, G., Pattison, P., & Wearing, A. (2007) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050060701299532 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Early changes, attrition, and dose–response in low intensity psychological interventions
Delgadillo, J., McMillan, D., Lucock, M. P., Leach, C., Ali, S., & Gilbody, S. M. (2013) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12031 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Zhang, D. “., Shi, L., Han, X., Li, Y., Jalajel, N. A., Patel, S., Chen, Z., Chen, L., Wen, M., Li, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x211051677 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Krzyżaniak, N., Greenwood, H., Scott, A. M., Peiris, R., Cardona, M., Clark, J. M., & Glasziou, P. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x211053738 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hill, B., Richardson, B., & Skouteris, H. (2014) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.130510-lit-238 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Reins, J. A., Buntrock, C., Zimmermann, J., Grund, S., Harrer, M., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Weisel, K. K., Domhardt, M., Imamura, K., et al. (2020) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000507819 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term effectiveness of health coaching in rehabilitation and prevention: A systematic review
Dejonghe, L. A. L., Becker, J., Froboese, I., & Schaller, A. (2017) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.04.012 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Telemental Health Use in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review and Evidence Gap Mapping
Abraham, A., Jithesh, A., Doraiswamy, S., Al-Khawaga, N., Mamtani, R., & Cheema, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748069 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Coughtrey, A. E., & Pistrang, N. (2016) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x16686547 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mental Disorders Around the World
Scott, K. M., de Jonge, P., Stein, D. J., & Kessler, R. C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316336168 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Exploring telemental health practice before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhu, D., Paige, S. R., Slone, H., Gutierrez, A., Lutzky, C., Hedriana, H., Barrera, J. F., Ong, T., & Bunnell, B. E. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x211025943 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Using the QIDS-SR16 to identify major depressive disorder in primary care medical patients
Lamoureux, B. E., Linardatos, E., Fresco, D. M., Bartko, D., Logue, E., & Milo, L. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.12.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Greenhill, A., Cymerman, E., & Azocar, F. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400350 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Giacalone, A., Marin, L., Febbi, M., Franchi, T., & Tovani‐Palone, M. R. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2363 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Montoya, M. I., Kogan, C. S., Rebello, T. J., Sadowska, K., Garcia-Pacheco, J. A., Khoury, B., Kulygina, M., Matsumoto, C., Robles, R., Huang, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.050 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A review of telephone coaching services for people with long-term conditions
Hutchison, A., & Breckon, J. D. (2011) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/jtt.2011.110513 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Braun, L., Titzler, I., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.066 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationBraun, L., Titzler, I., Ebert, D. D., Buntrock, C., Terhorst, Y., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., & Baumeister, H. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2244-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationFreund, J., Titzler, I., Thielecke, J., Braun, L., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02800-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationThielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., Baumeister, H., & Ebert, D. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00125 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationTerhorst, Y., Braun, L., Titzler, I., Buntrock, C., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D., & Baumeister, H. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034271 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“24 Due to the parallel recruitment for two RCTs evaluating online trainings in the same target group, 25,26 we (d) excluded participants from these studies.”
Self-citationCarneiro, A. C., de Pinho, G. S., Belo, J. V., Bolonhini, S., Neto, M. B. C., Toueg, A. M., & Fernandes, A. G. (2022) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x221089151 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schröder, S., Fleckenstein, R. P. J., & Wunderlich, R. M. M. (2017) · Monitor Versorgungsforschung · doi:10.24945/mvf.04.17.1866-0533.2022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Braun, L., Terhorst, Y., Titzler, I., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113858 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationThielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Freund, J., Braun, L., Ebert, D. D., Berking, M., Baumeister, H., & Titzler, I. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100671 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Non-Face-to-Face Coaching
Kim, Y., & Lee, S. Y. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15129727 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Freund, J., Ebert, D. D., Thielecke, J., Braun, L., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., & Titzler, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.1083143 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationLamont, K., van Woerden, H. C., King, E., Wendelboe-Nelson, C., Humphry, R. W., Stark, C., Williams, C., & Maxwell, M. (2024) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-023-00054-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“There has been a recent encouraging growth in studies addressing mental health and suicide prevention in farming communities, with the publication of a range of qualitative studies in different parts of the world [14, 28–31], and a number of intervention studies [32–34].”
Thielecke, J., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Ebert, D. D., Freund, J., Baumeister, H., Berking, M., & Buntrock, C. (2025) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-024-00216-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSalutogenic Principles in Workplace Health Promotion Interventions: A Scoping Review
Wrede, S., Gärtner, I.-M., & Mortsiefer, A. (2026) · Journal of Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-026-00915-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kulke, J. K., Buntrock, C., Thielecke, J., Titzler, I., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Berking, M. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.110968
Self-citation
- Authors
- Thielecke, J., Buntrock, C., Titzler, I., Braun, L., Freund, J., Berking, M., Baumeister, H., & Ebert, D. D.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Thielecke, Janika
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-06-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 918-930
- ISSN
- 1357-633X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-1109
- OpenAlex
- W4282591022
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- German social insurance for farmers, foresters, and gardeners
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- telephone coaching, depression prevention, farmers, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, remote communities, personalized coaching, burnout, quality of life, anxiety, somatic symptoms, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Farmers, Mentoring, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Telephone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
