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The Amygdala, Social Behavior, and Danger Detection
Open accessAbstract
The amygdala is a distinctive portion of the anterior temporal lobe that has been implicated in a variety of functions including expression of fear, modulation of memory, and mediation of social communication. While work on the rodent amygdala often deals with emotion, much of the research in nonhuman primates and in man deals with its role in the perception of social signals, such as facial expressions, and the maintenance of social position, such as in primate dominance hierarchies. We have established a program of research that has as its major goal the definition of neural systems that underlie species-typical social communication. A first phase of the program was launched on the premise that the amygdala is essential for species-typical social behavior. We sought to examine in more detail the impairments of social behavior that followed discrete, bilateral lesions of the amygdala. We found, however, that mature rhesus monkeys with bilateral lesions of the amygdala not only were capable of species-typical social behavior, but actually engaged in more affiliative social interactions. The lesioned animals also demonstrated a striking lack of fear of normally fear-inducing stimuli such as replicas of snakes. In a second, ongoing series of studies in the infant rhesus monkey, we are examining whether the amygdala is essential for gaining social knowledge during development. Infant animals that receive bilateral lesions of the amygdala at two weeks of age and are raised by their biological mothers demonstrate all expected social behaviors for their ages. These animals, like the adults, demonstrate a lack of fear of objects such as snakes. However, unlike the adults, they demonstrate more fear when placed into novel social situations. The results from these studies are most consistent with the conclusion that the amygdala is not necessary for species-typical social behavior or for gaining social knowledge during development. We hypothesize that the amygdala is a critical component of a system that evaluates the environment for potential dangers. As such, it has a modulatory role on social behavior-that is, it typically inhibits social interaction with novel conspecifics while they are evaluated as potential adversaries. This perspective predicts that hyperactivity of the amygdala would be associated with increased fear or anxiety and may contribute to disorders such as social phobia.
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“In particular, trauma experienced from a caregiver during a sensitive window in early life can produce life-long deficits in threat processing and social behavior across many species (Amaral, 2003, Callaghan et al., 2014, McEwen, 2003, Moriceau et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2014, Tzanoulinou and Sandi, 2017, Zeanah et al., 2003).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Amaral, 2003
In the citing paper
“Across many species, many of the effects of infant abuse remain latent until peri-adolescence (Adriani and Laviola, 2004, Amaral, 2003, Andersen and Teicher, 2008, Bauman et al., 2006, Costello et al., 2003).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Amaral, 2003
In the citing paper
“The most dramatic developmental differences were first observed in non-human primates, where infant amygdala lesions lead to decreased fear response to normally threatening stimuli and an enhanced response to novel social situations (Amaral, 2002, Amaral, 2003).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Amaral, 2003
In the citing paper
“Moreover, studies in nonhuman primates demonstrate that adult monkeys without amygdalae display inappropriate social behavior (Amaral, 2003, Baron-Cohen et al., 2000, Bliss-Moreau et al., 2011, Brothers et al., 1990, Emery et al., 2001, Malkova et al., 2010).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Amaral, 2003
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Citations
Cites
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Feelings: What Are They & How Does the Brain Make Them?
LeDoux, J. E. (2015) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_00319 · Cited by 55
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BackgroundPetro, N. M., Gruss, L. F., Yin, S., Huang, H., Miskovic, V., Ding, M., & Keil, A. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01114 · Cited by 49
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BackgroundMori, S., Kageyama, Y., Hou, Z., Aggarwal, M., Patel, J., Brown, T., Miller, M. I., Wu, D., & Troncoso, J. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00016 · Cited by 48
“11:16. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00016 The amygdala has attracted considerable research interest because of its potential involvement in various neuropsychiatric disorders.”
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“For example, changes in social behavior observed in macaques with adult amygdala damage have been hypothesized to result from the disruption of danger detection functions of the amygdala (Amaral, 2006).”
BackgroundResultImpaired recognition of fear in voices and reduced anxiety after unilateral temporal lobe resection
Dellacherie, D., Hasboun, D., Baulac, M., Belin, P., & Samson, S. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.008 · Cited by 55
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“, 2002], recognition of emotions [Adolphs, 2003], emotional memory [McGaugh, 2004], detecting threat [Amaral, 2003; Amaral & Bauman, 2003], fear and anxiety [Davis, Walker et al.”
BackgroundAdverse caregiving in infancy blunts neural processing of the mother
Opendak, M. M., Theisen, E. K., Blomkvist, A., Hollis, K., Lind, T., Sarro, E. C., Lundström, J. N., Tottenham, N., Dozier, M., Wilson, D. A., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14801-3 · Cited by 49
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FMRI Responses to Hyperoxia in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
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“…Whalen et al. 1998; Morris et al. 1999, 2001; Adolphs and Tranel 2000; Iidaka et al. 2001; Shi and Davis 2001; Hariri et al. 2002; Oya et al. 2002; Amaral 2003; Anderson et al. 2003; Williams et al. 2004; Das et al. 2005; Liddell et al. 2005; Tabbert et al. 2005; Williams et al. 2005; Yoshimura…”
BackgroundResultDistinct processing for pictures of animals and objects: Evidence from eye movements.
Yang, J., Wang, A., Yan, M., Zhu, Z., Chen, C., & Wang, Y. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026848 · Cited by 49
Slow to warm up: the role of habituation in social fear
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“Lesions of the amygdala produce a striking lack of fear to environmental and social threat in monkeys (Amaral, 2003; Klüver and Bucy, 1939), and bilateral amygdala damage in humans is associated with difficulty recognizing fearful expressions (Adolphs et al, 1999).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Early Amygdala Damage on Juvenile Rhesus Macaque Social Behavior
Bliss‐Moreau, E., Moadab, G., Bauman, M. D., & Amaral, D. G. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00483 · Cited by 44
“As in previous reports (Bauman, Toscano, Mason, Lavenex, & Amaral, 2006; Bauman et al., 2004a, 2004b), the hippocampus-lesioned subjects behaved essentially like control animals when assessing the frequency and duration of specific behaviors.”
BackgroundResultOusdal, O. T., Andreassen, O. A., Server, A., & Jensen, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096146 · Cited by 48
“The amygdala is also a key structure in the detection of threatrelated stimuli [21,22], and may alter the selective attention to threats by influencing down-stream sensory networks.”
BackgroundNeuromolecular correlates of cooperation and conflict during territory defense in a cichlid fish
Weitekamp, C. A., & Hofmann, H. A. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.01.001 · Cited by 43
“The amygdala is important to processing the salience and current value of social stimuli (Adolphs, 2010; Amaral, 2006).”
Children's processing of emotions expressed by peers and adults: An fMRI study
Hoehl, S., Bräuer, J., Brasse, G., Striano, T., & Friederici, A. D. (2010) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470911003708206 · Cited by 45
“The importance of the amygdala for evaluating the environment in early ontogeny is fostered by lesion studies with infant rhesus monkeys (Amaral, 2003).”
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“Among such behaviors, the amygdala plays a specific role in processing social information and emotion in humans and a variety of animal species (Roozendaal et al., 1990; Birbaumer et al., 1998; Daenen et al., 2002; Amaral, 2003; Killgore and Yurgelun-Todd, 2005; Shekhar et al., 2005; Adolphs and Spezio, 2006; Choleris…”
BackgroundIdentifying the Neural Correlates Underlying Social Pain: Implications for Developmental Processes
Eisenberger, N. I. (2006) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000095580 · Cited by 42
“…lesions can either produce no changes in social behavior, decreases in social fear or increases in social fear, depending on the age at which the lesion occurred (i.e., lesions during infancy lead to increased social fear, lesions during adulthood lead to reduced social fear [Amaral, 2003]).”
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“Unconditioned threat stimuli are speciesspecific and comprise other harmful animals – in primates, for example the sight of snakes has the innate propensity to trigger defense (Amaral, 2003; Mineka & Öhman, 2002) – external nociceptive events (e.”
Karama, S., Armony, J. L., & Beauregard, M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022343 · Cited by 39
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BackgroundLearning-induced activation of transcription factors among multiple memory systems
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“The amygdala plays a central role in the neural circuit subserving social cognition and is known for its engagement in screening information for emotional and social significance, especially threat-related information (Amaral, 2003; Phelps, 2006).”
The association between perceived social support and amygdala structure
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“Ample evidence from lesion and recording studies in humans and monkeys indicates that the amygdala plays a key role in social function (e.g., Dicks, Myers, & Kling, 1969; for reviews, see Adolphs, 2010; Amaral, 2003; Kling & Brothers, 1992).”
BackgroundThe effects of neonatal amygdala or hippocampus lesions on adult social behavior
Bliss‐Moreau, E., Moadab, G., Santistevan, A. C., & Amaral, D. G. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.052 · Cited by 35
Self-relevance modulates brain responses to angry body expressions
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“For example, the amygdala, which is in part responsible for emotion processes like recognition, is impaired in people with ASD (Nacewicz et al., 2006) and is important for the modulation of social behavior (Amaral, 2003).”
BackgroundUnconventional Neurogenic Niches and Neurogenesis Modulation by Vitamins
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“It is involved in a variety of functions primarily associated with emotional behavior, such as fear, anxiety [72,73], pleasure [74], social interaction [75,76] and appetite [77].”
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Satterthwaite, T. D., Wolf, D. H., Pinkham, A. E., Ruparel, K., Elliott, M. A., Valdez, J. N., Overton, E. E., Seubert, J., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., et al. (2011) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.04.005 · Cited by 34
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“The hippocampus, the amygdala and the surrounding temporal lobe are key in social behavior and social function [32,33].”
BackgroundBiological pathways and genetic mechanisms involved in social functioning
Ordoñana, J. R., Bartels, M., Boomsma, D. I., Cella, D. F., Mosing, M. A., de Oliveira, J. R. M., Patrick, D. L., Veenhoven, R., Wagner, G. G., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0277-5 · Cited by 30
“This is consistent with the assumption that amygdala activation represents a danger signal in social interaction [57] and would affect social interests and functioning.”
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“Several studies in primates and other mammalian species have implicated the amygdala as an important contributor to social behavior [29, 30].”
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Moadab, G., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Amaral, D. (2015) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000062 · Cited by 25
“Whether such effects hold with unfamiliar animals or unfamiliar environments (in which the threat processing capacity of the amygdala would be more relevant; Amaral, 2003) is unclear.”
Brzozowska, N., Smith, K. L., Zhou, C., Waters, P. M., Cavalcante, L. M., Abelev, S. V., Kuligowski, M., Clarke, D. J., Todd, S. M., & Arnold, J. C. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.008 · Cited by 28
“This decrease in sociability may also be mediated by altered amygdalar microglial cell densities, as the amygdala is a neural hub for social interaction (Amaral, 2006; Bickart et al., 2014).”
The Missing Link in Early Emotional Processing
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“A host of studies have identified the amygdala as a critical structure for the coding of affective social information (Adolphs, 2003; Amaral, 2003).”
BackgroundThe components of the adolescent brain and its unique sensitivity to sexually explicit material
Brown, J. A., & Wisco, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.01.006 · Cited by 29
The Underlying Neuronal Circuits of Fear Learning and the Snake Detection Theory (SDT)
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“While the amygdala historically has been implicated in fear and fear-related learning (Amaral, 2003; LeDoux, 2003), more recent work suggests that it supports more subtle functions such as distributing the stimulus emotional significance, current value, or relevance (Morrison & Salzman, 2010; Ousdal et al.”
BackgroundCao, Z., Zhao, Y., Tan, T., Chen, G., Ning, X., Zhan, L., & Yang, J. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.064 · Cited by 29
“For example, the amygdala may be more responsible for processing negative stimuli (Amaral, 2003), emotional stimuli (Zald, 2003), phylogenetic fear stimuli (Ohman and Mineka, 2001), vigilance and ambiguity resolution (Davis and Whalen, 2001), or salient and relevance detection (Adolphs, 2010; Sander et al.”
BackgroundConditioned social dominance threat: observation of others’ social dominance biases threat learning
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“, 2007), potentially via re-entrant feedback originating in deep structures such as the amygdala (Amaral, 2003).”
Salas-Lucia, F., Pacheco‐Torres, J., González-Granero, S., Canals, S., Obregón, M.-J., García‐Verdugo, J. M., & Berbel, P. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00031 · Cited by 23
“In rats, AC projecting areas are involved mostly in olfactory, anxiety and fear behavior (Amaral, 2003).”
BackgroundNam, H. H., Jost, J. T., Meager, M. R., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2021) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0137 · Cited by 24
“Because the amygdala is clearly linked to threat detection [22,51], and behavioural evidence suggests that conservatives are more sensitive to potential threats in their environment [56–58], we explored the possibility that people with amygdala lesions would be more likely to hold liberal attitudes than people with fr…”
BackgroundPeople watching: visual, motor, and social processes in the perception of human movement
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Limbic Structures, Emotion, and Memory
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“…and cognitive effects on intensity influence representations in brain areas that process the intensity and identity of the stimulus such as the primary taste and olfactory cortical areas (Anderson et al., 2003; Rolls et al., 2003a; Grabenhorst et al., 2007, 2008b; Grabenhorst and Rolls, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialMeguid, N. A., Fahim, C., Yoon, U., Nashaat, N. H., Ibrahim, A. S., Mancini-Marı̈e, A., Brandner, C., & Evans, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073809341670 · Cited by 23
“However, in idiopathic autism, there is a major link between social indifference, but not avoidance, and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders.(55) Of relevance, fragile X having autistic features shows selectively higher scores on social withdrawal subscales.”
BackgroundSpeculations on the Evolutionary Origins of System Justification
Jost, J. T., Sapolsky, R. M., & Nam, H. H. (2018) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/1474704918765342 · Cited by 27
“Their loss of social dominance may be attributable to a diminished capacity to understand the social (and physical) environment; macaques that received bilateral amygdala lesions exhibited decreased fear in response to the presentation of threatening stimuli such as snakes as well as decreased inhibition when interact…”
BackgroundFast unconscious processing of emotional stimuli in early stages of the visual cortex
Carretié, L., Fernández‐Folgueiras, U., Álvarez, F., Cipriani, G. A., Tapia, M., & Kessel, D. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab486 · Cited by 19
Zuloaga, D. G., Lahvis, G. P., Mills, B. D., Pearce, H. L., Turner, J., & Raber, J. (2016) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.007 · Cited by 20
“behavior (72-76) and amygdala dysfunction has been proposed to account for impairments in social behavior in ASD (77), (78).”
Towards an animal model of callousness
Hernandez-Lallement, J., van Wingerden, M., & Kalenscher, T. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.029 · Cited by 23
“The role of the amygdala in callousness The amygdala is an interconnected set of nuclei located in the ammalian temporal lobe involved in emotional processing, fear nd reward learning (Amaral, 2006).”
Sabatinelli, D., & Frank, D. W. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.001 · Cited by 21
Neurobiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Guyer, A. E., Masten, C. L., & Pine, D. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6599-7_2 · Cited by 21
“Considerable work has delineated the engagement of a neural fear circuitry that processes and guides responses to threat in one’s surroundings [ 6– 8 ] .”
BackgroundPackard, K., & Opendak, M. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.918862 · Cited by 23
“These latter findings are consistent with research in non-human primates (Amaral, 2003; Bachevalier and Loveland, 2006; Bliss-Moreau et al., 2011) and children who show heightened amygdala activity alongside inhibited social behavior (Monk et al.”
ResultEmotion Regulation in Childhood Anxiety
Jacob, M. L., Thomassin, K., Morelen, D. M., & Suveg, C. M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_12 · Cited by 20
Wu, P., Ding, Z., Meng, S., Shen, H., Sun, S.-C., Luo, Y., Liu, J., Lü, L., Zhu, W., & Shi, J. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3462-0 · Cited by 19
“The amygdala projects to many brain regions and receives projection fibers from other brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and sensory areas (Amaral 2003; Ghashghaei and Barbas 2002).”
BackgroundRapid coloration changes of manta rays (Mobulidae)
Ari, C. (2014) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/bij.12321 · Cited by 18
Gao, Y., Jiang, Y., Ming, Q., Zhang, J., Ma, R., Wu, Q., Dong, D., Sun, X., He, J., Cao, W., et al. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01697-z · Cited by 18
“It is noteworthy that we detected a significant CD diagnosis-by-CM interaction for GM volume of the left amygdala, which has been identified as a major mediator of threatening cue detection [50, 51] and of emotion processing and regulation [52, 53].”
BackgroundAversive perception in a threat context: Separate and independent neural activation
Sambuco, N., Costa, V. D., Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107926 · Cited by 17
“84 Amaral DG (2006) The amygdala, social behavior, and danger detection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1000(1), 337–347. 10.1196/annals.1280.015 Balderston NL, Liu L, Roberson-Nay R, Ernst M, Grillon C. (2017). The relationship between dlPFC activity during unpredictable threat and CO2-induced panic symptoms.Translational Psychiat…”
BackgroundInfluentialPollock, J., Khoja, N., Kaut, K. P., Lien, M.-C., & Allen, P. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00060 · Cited by 17
“Consequently, there is evidence that the P1 ERP is a measure of perceptual processing and is generated by extrastriate visual cortex and fusiform gyrus (Di Russo et al., 2002; Amaral, 2003; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005).”
BackgroundA cross-species socio-emotional behaviour development revealed by a multivariate analysis
Koshiba, M., Senoo, A., Mimura, K., Shirakawa, Y., Karino, G., Obara, S., Ozawa, S., Sekihara, H., Fukushima, Y., Ueda, T., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02630 · Cited by 16
Peer attachment formation by systemic redox regulation with social training after a sensitive period
Koshiba, M., Karino, G., Senoo, A., Mimura, K., Shirakawa, Y., Fukushima, Y., Obara, S., Sekihara, H., Ozawa, S., Ikegami, K., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02503 · Cited by 16
Neuroanatomía de las decisiones financieras
Bermejo, P. E., Dorado, R., Zea‐Sevilla, M. A., & Menéndez, V. S. (2010) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2010.09.015 · Cited by 19
MA-CapsNet-DA: Speech emotion recognition based on MA-CapsNet using data augmentation
Zhang, H., Huang, H., & Han, H. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122939 · Cited by 15
L’affirmation de soi revisitée pour diminuer l’anxiété sociale
Lefrançois, C., Dijk, A. V., Bardel, M.-H., Fradin, J., & Massioui, F. E. (2010) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2010.11.003 · Cited by 15
Targeting Uric Acid Prevents Brain Injury and Anxiety in a Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
L’Écuyer, S., Kim, G., Brochu, B., Beyrouthy, J., Liu, C., Bouchard, C., Gagné, M.-A., Khazoom, F., Bernard, F., Rousseau, G., et al. (2020) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001708 · Cited by 14
“Recent studies looking at polytrauma patients report longterm psychological problems like anxiety and sleep disturbance, even in the absence of direct neurotrauma (9, 10) These altered cognitive outcomes could be linked to sensitivity of the limbic system to ischemia (11), particularly the amygdala and hippocampus imp…”
BackgroundMorgan, J. T., & Amaral, D. G. (2013) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23467 · Cited by 14
“…lobe structure that is involved in evaluating environmental stimuli for potential dangers and modulating an array of emotional processes, including fear and anxiety (Amaral, 2003; Ambroggi et al., 2008; Davis and Shi, 2000; Rauch et al., 2003; Roozendaal et al., 2009; Shabel and Janak, 2009).”
BackgroundKheirkhah, M., Baumbach, P., Leistritz, L., Witte, O. W., Walter, M., Gilbert, J. R., Zarate, C. A., & Klingner, C. M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11080960 · Cited by 13
Neuroanatomy of financial decisions
Bermejo, P. E., Dorado, R., Zea‐Sevilla, M. A., & Menéndez, V. S. (2011) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s2173-5808(11)70034-7 · Cited by 14
Emotion regulation via visual avoidance: Insights from neurological patients
Otero, M. C., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.003 · Cited by 14
“Limbic structures such as the anterior insula and the amygdala that are involved in the detection of emotionally salient stimuli may assist other neural regions in generating behavioral responses to these stimuli (Wiech et al., 2010; Bush et al., 2000; Menon and Uddin, 2010; Amaral, 2003).”
BackgroundAmygdala or hippocampus damage only minimally impacts affective responding to threat.
Charbonneau, J. A., Bennett, J. L., & Bliss‐Moreau, E. (2021) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000491 · Cited by 11
Mimura, K., Nakamura, S., & Koshiba, M. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.009 · Cited by 12
Liu, X., Cui, D., Li, D., Jiao, R., Wang, X., Jia, S., Hou, D., Li, T., Liu, H., Wang, P., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00327 · Cited by 12
“Since activation of the amygdala can cause fear and social phobia (Amaral, 2003), the increased activity of the amygdala following nasal OT in SON lesion rats should intensify the fear of the test male toward other competent males, thereby making nasal OT-evoked SP change fail to occur.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIncreased GABAA receptor binding in amygdala after prenatal administration of valproic acid to rats
Bertelsen, F., Møller, A., Folloni, D., Drasbek, K. R., Scheel‐Krüger, J., & Landau, A. M. (2016) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2016.59 · Cited by 11
“Amaral and his group suggest that amygdala abnormalities may not be essential for social behaviour deficits but studies performed in macaque monkeys led to the conclusion that amygdala is involved in treat detecting and amygdala lesion led to inappropriate behavioural responses to fear (26,27).”
Cardinale, E. M., Reber, J., O’Connell, K., Turkeltaub, P. E., Tranel, D., Buchanan, T. W., & Marsh, A. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2651 · Cited by 12
“This is consistent with evidence that SM is not psychopathic and her moral judgements, behaviour and capacity for care and compassion are intact [7,68].”
BackgroundInfluentialNeural activity patterns differ between learning contexts in a social fish
Rodriguez-Santiago, M., Jordan, A. L., & Hofmann, H. A. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0135 · Cited by 11
Krolak‐Salmon, P., Hénaff, M., Bertrand, O., Vighetto, A., & Mauguı̀ere, F. (2006) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75117-7 · Cited by 11
Hodgson, D., & Helvenston, P. A. (2006) · Rock Art Research · doi:10.69978/rar.v23i1.424 · Cited by 12
Trust and valence processing in the amygdala*
Vuilleumier, P. O., & Sander, D. (2008) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsn045 · Cited by 10
“Altogether, these data clearly indicate that neutral faces are not socially or affectively neutral for the brain, and further support the view that the human amygdala function might be intimately connected with the evolution of social behavior (Amaral, 2003).”
BackgroundGlassman, L. H., Kuster, A. T., Tronieri, J. S., Forman, E. M., İzzetoğlu, M., Matteucci, A. J., & Herbert, J. D. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9554-1 · Cited by 11
Rambaldi, A. M., Cozzi, B., Grandis, A., Canova, M., Mazzoni, M., & Bombardi, C. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23634 · Cited by 10
“More recent studies suggest that lesions to this structure result in an increased social behavior, lack of inhibitions and decreasing responses to dangerous stimuli (Amaral, 2003; Amaral et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSchutt, R. K., & Goldfinger, S. M. (2009) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2009.10.006 · Cited by 10
“1.1 Motives Safety is a fundamental motivation in the human hierarchy of needs and is endangered by housing loss (Amaral 2003; Maslow, 1943).”
BackgroundInfluentialAre vipers prototypic fear-evoking snakes? A cross-cultural comparison of Somalis and Czechs
Frynta, D., Elmi, H. S. A., Janovcová, M., Rudolfová, V., Štolhoferová, I., Rexová, K., Král, D., Sommer, D., Berti, D. A., Landová, E., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233667 · Cited by 12
How Postnatal Insults May Program Development: Studies in Animal Models
Dalmaz, C., Noschang, C. G., Krolow, R., Raineki, C., & Lucion, A. B. (2014) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_7 · Cited by 9
“Among these structures, the amygdala (Amaral 2003) and PVN (Neumann 2008; Veenema and Neumann 2008) have been identified as two key areas that modulate fundamental aspects of socio-emotional processing across a wide range of species, including humans and nonhuman primates, and rats (Amaral 2003; Thomas et al. 2001).”
BackgroundHaley, G. E., McGuire, A., Berteau-Pavy, D., Weiss, A. R., Patel, R. A., Messaoudi, I., Urbanski, H. F., & Raber, J. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.014 · Cited by 11
“In nonhumanprimates, measures of anxiety are usually assessed with social hierarchies, intruder or predator confrontation tasks, or presentation of a stressful stimulus such as a toy snake (Amaral, 2003; Amaral et al., 2003; Barros et al., 2007, 2008; Cagni et al., 2009; Lesch, 2001; Sullivan et al., 2010; Wrase et al…”
Barr, G. A., Opendak, M. M., Perry, R. E., Sarro, E. C., & Sullivan, R. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290871 · Cited by 10
Expanded gray matter atrophy with severity stages of adult comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea
Pan, L., Li, H., Guo, J.-W., Ma, C., Li, L., Zhan, W., Chen, H., Wu, Y., Jiang, G., & Li, S. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.09.027 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- AMARAL, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- AMARAL, DAVID G.
- ORCID
- AMARAL, DAVID G.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 1000
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 337-347
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1964983039
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 5.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- amygdala, social behavior, threat detection, rhesus monkeys, infant rhesus monkeys, fear of snakes, social communication, affiliative behavior, dominance hierarchy, social anxiety disorder, anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Amygdala, Animals, Anxiety, Fear, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Temporal Lobe, Signal Detection, Psychological
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