The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Food Security, Poverty, and Human Development in the United States
Abstract
Access to food is essential to optimal development and function in children and adults. Food security, food insecurity, and hunger have been defined and a U.S. Food Security Scale was developed and is administered annually by the Census Bureau in its Current Population Survey. The eight child‐referenced items now make up a Children's Food Security Scale. This review summarizes the data on household and children's food insecurity and its relationship with children's health and development and with mothers' depressive symptoms. It is demonstrable that food insecurity is a prevalent risk to the growth, health, cognitive, and behavioral potential of America's poor and near‐poor children. Infants and toddlers in particular are at risk from food insecurity even at the lowest levels of severity, and the data indicate an “invisible epidemic” of a serious condition. Food insecurity is readily measured and rapidly remediable through policy changes, which a country like the United States, unlike many others, is fully capable of implementing. The food and distribution resources exist; the only constraint is political will.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Poverty and obesity: The role of energy density and energy costs
Drewnowski, A., & Specter, S. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.1.6 · Cited by 2,786
Maternal depression and parenting behavior
Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00100-7 · Cited by 2,667
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage In The United States: 2006: (668082007-001)
DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Smith, J. (2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e668082007-001 · Cited by 1,636
Housing and Health: Time Again for Public Health Action
Krieger, J., & Higgins, D. L. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.5.758 · Cited by 1,550
Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-to-sample populations
Anderson, S. A. (1990) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1555 · Cited by 1,220
Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers.
Cook, J. T., Frank, D. A., Meyers, A. F., Berkowitz, C., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cutts, D. B., Zaldivar, N., Skalicky, A., Levenson, S., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.6.1432 · Cited by 665 · cited 1×
“Subject area Reference Major findings 2) Cook et al. (2004): FI is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers 2) FI is positively associated with “fair/poor” health and having been hospitalized since birth.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCARTER, A. S., GARRITY-ROKOUS, F. E., CHAZAN-COHEN, R., LITTLE, C., & BRIGGS-GOWAN, M. J. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00012 · Cited by 537
Longitudinal Study of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Well-Being
LUOMA, I., TAMMINEN, T., KAUKONEN, P., LAIPPALA, P., PUURA, K., SALMELIN, R., & ALMQVIST, F. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200112000-00006 · Cited by 490
Household Food Insecurity: Associations With At-Risk Infant and Toddler Development
Rose-Jacobs, R., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Chilton, M., Heeren, T., Levenson, S. M., Meyers, A. F., & Frank, D. A. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3717 · Cited by 345
Self-citationChild food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children’s health.
Cook, J. T., Frank, D. A., Levenson, S. M., Neault, N. B., Heeren, T. C., Black, M. M., Berkowitz, C., Casey, P. H., Meyers, A. F., Cutts, D. B., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.4.1073 · Cited by 324 · cited 1×
“3) Cook et al. (2006): CFI increases risks posed by HFI to young children’s health 3) The presence of CFI in addition to HFI resulted in a statistically significant increase in the odds of fair/poor health above the odds when only HFI was present.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Cited by
Development and Validity of a 2-Item Screen to Identify Families at Risk for Food Insecurity
Hager, E. R., Quigg, A. M., Black, M. M., Coleman, S. M., Heeren, T., Rose-Jacobs, R., Cook, J. T., de Cuba, S. A. E., Casey, P. H., Chilton, M., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3146 · Cited by 1,538
Self-citationJournal of Food Distribution Research
Fdrs, & FDRS (2019) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.300079 · Cited by 771
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00632.x · Cited by 521
The struggle is real: A systematic review of food insecurity on postsecondary education campuses
Bruening, M., Argo, K., Payne-Sturges, D., & Laska, M. N. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.05.022 · Cited by 434
Identifying Vulnerable Subpopulations for Climate Change Health Effects in the United States
Balbus, J. M., & Malina, C. (2009) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318193e12e · Cited by 362
Metadata
- Authors
- Cook, J. T., & Frank, D. A.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 1136
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-209
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2122870271
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 33.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Food Security, Poverty, and Human Development in the United States. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1196/annals.1425.001
- The paper
- Cook, J. T., & Frank, D. A. (2008). Food Security, Poverty, and Human Development in the United States. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
