Cited by 324Food Security and Health in Diverse PopulationsChild Nutrition and Water AccessObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children’s health.

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Cook, John T, Frank, Deborah A, Levenson, Suzette M, Neault, Nicole B, Heeren, Tim C, Black, Maurine M, Berkowitz, Carol, Casey, Patrick H +3 more·2006·The Journal of Nutrition

Abstract

The US Food Security Scale (USFSS) measures household and child food insecurity (CFI) separately. Our goal was to determine whether CFI increases risks posed by household food insecurity (HFI) to child health and whether the Food Stamp Program (FSP) modifies these effects. From 1998 to 2004, 17,158 caregivers of children ages 36 mo were interviewed in six urban medical centers. Interviews included demographics, the USFSS, child health status, and hospitalization history. Ten percent reported HFI, 12% HFI and CFI (H&CFI). Compared with food-secure children, those with HFI had significantly greater adjusted odds of fair/poor health and being hospitalized since birth, and those with H&CFI had even greater adverse effects. Participation in the FSP modified the effects of FI on child health status and hospitalizations, reducing, but not eliminating, them. Children in FSP-participating households that were HFI had lower adjusted odds of fair/poor health [1.37 (95% CI, 1.06-1.77)] than children in similar non-FSP households [1.61 (95% CI, 1.31-1.98)]. Children in FSP-participating households that were H&CFI also had lower adjusted odds of fair/poor health [1.72 (95% CI, 1.34-2.21)] than in similar non-FSP households [2.14 (95% CI, 1.81-2.54)]. HFI is positively associated with fair/poor health and hospitalizations in young children. With H&CFI, odds of fair/poor health and hospitalizations are even greater. Participation in FSP reduces, but does not eliminate, effects of FI on fair/poor health.

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  • Food insecurity is assessed on the 18-item US Food Security Scale, a valid and reliable instrument with established clinical cutoffs.

    “Within the Children's HealthWatch survey, food insecurity is assessed on the 18-item US Food Security Scale, a valid and reliable instrument with established clinical cutoffs.23,25”

    From Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT (2015) · cites this paper as [25]

    The paper describes the US Food Security Scale as an 18-question instrument and says the study derived food-security status from it using established procedures (Methods; Exposure variable, page not provided). It does not establish that the scale is valid and reliable or that its classification thresholds are clinical cutoffs. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  1. [4]4. Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Wolff AW. Long-term developmental outcomes of infants with iron defficiency. Pediatrics. 1998;101:1;e3.
  2. [5]5. Johnston FE, Markowitz D. Do poverty and malnutrition affect children's growth and development: are the data there? In: Karp RJ, editor. Malnourished children in the United States: caught in the cycle of poverty. New York: Springer Publishing Co; 1993. p. 3-12.
  3. [10]10. Alaimo K. Food sufficiency and children's health status in the United States: findings from NHANES III. In: Andrews MS, Prell MA, editors. Second Food Security Measurement and Research Conference, Vol 1. Proceedings. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 11-1, USDA Economic Research Service and Food and Nutrition Service, Washington, DC; 2001 Feb.
  4. [11]11. Nelson K. Food insecurity and medical conditions observed in an adult population. In: Andrews MS, Prell MA, editors. Second Food Security Measure- ment and Research Conference, Vol 1. Proceedings. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 11-1, USDA Economic Research Service and Food and Nutrition Service, Washington, DC; 2001 Feb.
  5. [15]15. Pollitt E, editor. The relationship between undernutrition and behavioral development in children: a report of the International Dietary Energy Consulta- tive Group (IDECG) workshop on malnutrition and behavior. J Nutr. 1995;125: S2211-84.

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Authors
Cook, J. T., Frank, D. A., Levenson, S. M., Neault, N. B., Heeren, T. C., Black, M. M., Berkowitz, C., Casey, P. H., Meyers, A. F., Cutts, D. B., & Chilton, M.
Affiliations
  • Boston University (US)
  • Hennepin County Medical Center (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • Harbor–UCLA Medical Center (US)
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
  • Drexel University (US)
Corresponding author
Cook, John T
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-04
Volume
136
Issue
4
Pages
1073-1076
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1933067397
Cited by
324
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
FWCI
18.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Hartford Foundation for Public Giving
  • Arnold P. Gold Foundation
  • Wilson Foundation
  • W.K. Kellogg Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
child food insecurity, household food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, food aid, pediatric hospitalization, child health status
MeSH terms
Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Family Characteristics, Food Services, Health Status, Hospitalization, Humans, Poverty, Risk Factors, United States, Urban Population, Nutrition Assessment, Odds Ratio

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