The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biology of Prostate-Specific Antigen
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an androgen-regulated serine protease produced by both prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer (PCa) and is the most commonly used serum marker for cancer. It is a member of the tissue kallikrein family, some of the members of which are also prostate specific. PSA is a major protein in semen, where its function is to cleave semenogelins in the seminal coagulum. PSA is secreted into prostatic ducts as an inactive 244–amino acid proenzyme (proPSA) that is activated by cleavage of seven N-terminal amino acids. PSA that enters the circulation intact is rapidly bound by protease inhibitors, primarily alpha1-antichymotrypsin, although a fraction is inactivated in the lumen by proteolysis and circulates as free PSA. This proteolytic inactivation, as well as the cleavage of proPSA to PSA, is less efficient in PCa. Serum total PSA levels are increased in PCa, and PSA screening has dramatically altered PCa presentation and management. Unfortunately, although high PSA levels are predictive of advanced PCa, a large fraction of organ-confined cancers present with much lower total PSA values that overlap those levels found in men without PCa. Measurement of free versus total PSA can increase specificity for PCa, and tests under development to measure forms of proPSA may further enhance the ability to detect early-stage PCa. PSA is also widely used to monitor responses to therapy and is under investigation as a therapeutic target. Finally, recent data indicate that there may be additional roles for PSA in the pathogenesis of PCa.
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Citations
Cites
Natural History of Progression After PSA Elevation Following Radical Prostatectomy
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Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
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Measurement of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum as a Screening Test for Prostate Cancer
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Cited by
Wang, Q., Li, W., Liu, X. S., Carroll, J. S., Jänne, O. A., Keeton, E. K., Chinnaiyan, A. M., Pienta, K. J., & Brown, M. (2007) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.041 · Cited by 687
Di Leva, G., & Croce, C. M. (2013) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.01.004 · Cited by 356
Molecular regulation of androgen action in prostate cancer.
Dehm, S. M., & Tindall, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.20794 · Cited by 336
Wright, M. E., Tsai, M.-J., & Aebersold, R. (2003) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2003-0031 · Cited by 166
Chouinard, S., Barbier, O., & Bélanger, A. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m703370200 · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Balk, S. P., Ko, Y.-J., & Bubley, G. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2003-01-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 383-391
- ISSN
- 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-7755
- OpenAlex
- W2122680090
- Cited by
- 718
- References
- 78
- FWCI
- 23.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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