Cited by 233Multiple Myeloma Research and TreatmentsChronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ResearchLymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Progression in Smoldering Myeloma Is Independently Determined by the Chromosomal Abnormalities del(17p), t(4;14), Gain 1q, Hyperdiploidy, and Tumor Load

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Neben, Kai, Jauch, Anna, Hielscher, Thomas, Hillengass, Jens, Lehners, Nicola, Seckinger, Anja, Granzow, Martin, Raab, Marc S. +3 more·2013·Journal of Clinical Oncology

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze chromosomal aberrations in terms of frequency and impact on time to progression in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) on the background of clinical prognostic factors. Patients and Methods: The chromosomal abnormalities 1q21, 5p15/5q35, 9q34, 13q14.3, 15q22, 17p13, t(11;14)(q13;q32), and t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) were assessed in CD138-purified myeloma cells by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (iFISH) alongside clinical parameters in a consecutive series of 248 patients with SMM. Results: The high-risk aberrations in active myeloma (ie, del(17p13), t(4;14), and +1q21) present in 6.1%, 8.9%, and 29.8% of patients significantly confer adverse prognosis in SMM with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.90 (95% CI, 1.56 to 5.40), 2.28 (95% CI, 1.33 to 3.91), and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.54), respectively. Contrary to the conditions in active myeloma, hyperdiploidy, present in 43.3% of patients, is an adverse prognostic factor (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.54). Percentage of malignant bone marrow plasma cells assessed by iFISH and combination of M-protein and plasma cell infiltration as surrogates of tumor load significantly confer adverse prognosis with HRs of 4.37 (95% CI, 2.79 to 6.85) and 4.27 (95% CI, 2.77 to 6.56), respectively. In multivariate analysis, high-risk aberrations, hyperdiploidy, and surrogates of tumor load are independently prognostic. Conclusion: The high-risk chromosomal aberrations del(17p13), t(4;14), and +1q21 are adverse prognostic factors in SMM just as they are in active myeloma, independent of tumor mass. Hyperdiploidy is the first example for an adverse prognostic factor in SMM of opposite predictiveness in active myeloma. Risk association of chromosomal aberrations is not only a priori treatment dependent (predictive) but is also an intrinsic property of myeloma cells (prognostic).

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  • Patients with t(4;14), del(17p), or gain(1q) have a higher risk of progression from MGUS or smoldering myeloma to multiple myeloma.

    “patients with t(4;14) translocation, del(17p), and gain(1q) are at a higher risk of progression from MGUS or SMM to multiple myeloma.21–23”

    From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    The Patients and Patient Cohort sections describe a study of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), not MGUS. The progression figure reports shorter time to progression for patients with t(4;14), del(17p), or gain(1q), supporting the SMM part of the claim. It does not establish the same association for patients with MGUS. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Authors
Neben, K., Jauch, A., Hielscher, T., Hillengass, J., Lehners, N., Seckinger, A., Granzow, M., Raab, M. S., Ho, A. D., Goldschmidt, H., & Hose, D.
Affiliations
German Cancer Research Center (DE)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Published
2013-12-01
Volume
31
Issue
34
Pages
4325-4332
ISSN
  • 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-7755
OpenAlex
W2126894260
Cited by
233
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 2
FWCI
16.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR 79)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
smoldering multiple myeloma, progression to multiple myeloma, chromosomal abnormalities, 17p deletion, hyperdiploidy, tumor burden, prognostic factors, time to progression, M protein, plasma cell infiltration
MeSH terms
Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Phenotype, Ploidies, Risk Factors, Translocation, Genetic, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Disease Progression, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Tumor Burden

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