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Electrolyte solutions
Abstract
This chapter examines the thermodynamics of solutions containing ions and shows how the concepts of enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy and activity are applied to ionic species in solutions. The thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions differ in significant ways from the properties of solutions of nonelectrolytes. The deviation of the activity coefficient of electrolytes from Henrian behaviour is due to the inter-ionic attraction in solutions. As a result of the many complex interactions, no satisfactory theory of aqueous electrolyte solutions has been developed which enables accurate prediction of the thermodynamic properties of the solutions over wide ranges of concentration, and approximations have to be made. For thermodynamic purposes the concentration of electrolyte solutes and ions in dilute aqueous solutions is expressed in terms of molality rather than mole fraction, and the activities of aqueous species are expressed relative to the infinitely dilute standard state.
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Cited by
Parkhurst, D. L., & Appelo, C. A. J. (2013) · Techniques and Methods · doi:10.3133/tm6a43 · Cited by 3,779
THE SPECIFIC ADSORPTION OF DIVALENT Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, AND Zn ON GOETHITE
FORBES, E. A., POSNER, A. M., & QUIRK, J. P. (1976) · Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1976.tb01986.x · Cited by 444
Jiang, W., Hardy, D. J., Phillips, J. C., MacKerell, A. D., Schulten, K., & Roux, B. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz101461d · Cited by 279
Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes
Lee, A. A., Perez-Martinez, C. S., Smith, A. M., & Perkin, S. (2017) · Faraday Discussions · doi:10.1039/c6fd00250a · Cited by 175
Metadata
- Authors
- Rankin, W. J.
- Venue
- Chemical Thermodynamics
- Publisher
- CRC Press
- Published
- 2019-11-11
- Pages
- 195-220
- OpenAlex
- W4237536417
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 20.61
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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