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Cited by 449Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentFace Recognition and Perception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The still-face: A history of a shared experimental paradigm

Adamson, Lauren B., Frick, Janet E.·2003·Infancy
DOI 10.1207/s15327078in0404_01
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Abstract

When faced by a suddenly unresponsive social partner, young infants typically react by sobering and gazing away. This still‐face reaction has intrigued researchers for several decades. In this article, we present a history of the still‐face paradigm in which we locate early observations of the still‐face effect, describe the formalization of a procedure that reliably produces it, and discuss how this procedure has been used to investigate a broad range of questions about early social and emotional development. In addition, we reflect on the heuristic value of shared experimental paradigms.

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Citations

Cites

Show all 90 references

Research works printed but not linked: 23

  1. Field T., 1986, Maternal unavailability effects on very young infants in homecare vs. daycare, Infant Mental Health Journal, 7, 274
  2. Rochat P., 1999, Early social cognition: Understanding others in the first months of life, 3
  3. Stoller S., 1982, Emotion and early interactions, 57
  4. Tronick E. Z., 1982, Emotion and interaction: Normal and high‐risk infants, 83
  5. Carpenter G. C., 1974, Mother's face and the newborn, New Scientist, 21, 742
  6. Chance M. R. A., 1962, An interpretation of some agonistic postures: The role of “cut‐off” acts and postures, Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 71
  7. Cohn J. F., 1982, Social interchange in infancy: Affect, cognition, and communication, 59
  8. Frick J. E.(Chair). (2002 April).The still‐face procedure: Historical perspectives current trends and future directions.Poster symposium presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies Toronto Ontario Canada.
  9. Frick J. E. &Abelkop B. S.(2000 July).Infant attention in the still‐face procedure: Physiological responses and individual differences.Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies Brighton England.
  10. Harlow H. F., 1959, Affectional responses in infant monkeys, Science, 8, 421
  11. Kaila E., 1932, Die Reaction des Sauglings auf das menschiliche Gesicht [The reaction of infants to the human face], Annales Universitatis Aboensis, 17, 1
  12. Kaye K., 1979, Before speech: The beginning of interpersonal communication, 191
  13. Markov Y. Adamson L. B. &Bakeman R.(2000 July).Infants' communicative strategies during social referencing violations.Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies Brighton England.
  14. Muir D., 1999, Early social cognition: Understanding others in the first months of life, 155
  15. Nadel J., 1999, Early social cognition: Understanding others in the first months of life, 189
  16. Papousek H., 1997, Studies in mother—infant interaction, 63
  17. Schneider B., 2000, Ethical problems posed by several (too) classical research paradigms in psychology and in developmental psychopathology, Psychiatrie de l'enfant, 43, 5
  18. Stechler G., 1967, Exceptional infant: Vol. 1. The normal infant, 165
  19. Stern D. N., 1974, The effect of the infant on its caregiver, 187
  20. Trevarthen C., 1977, Studies in mother—infant interaction, 227
  21. Tronick E., 1980, The exceptional infant, 144
  22. Tronick E., 1979, Before speech: The beginning of interpersonal communication, 349
  23. Tronick E. Z., 1985, Affect development in infancy, 11

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Metadata

Authors
Adamson, L. B., & Frick, J. E.
Affiliations
  • Georgia State University (US)
  • University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Adamson, Lauren B.
ORCID
Adamson, Lauren B.
Venue
Infancy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-10
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
451-473
ISSN
  • 1525-0008 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7078
DOI
10.1207/s15327078in0404_01
OpenAlex
W2109725534
Semantic Scholar
fe2f4120d0d0208a29e70c7f59e7c042a9590f05
Cited by
449
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 13
FWCI
14.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
Infancy (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Keywords
still-face paradigm, infant social development, infant emotional development

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