The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Personological Examination of Self- and Other-Forgiveness in the Five Factor Model
Abstract
In a sample composed of 147 undergraduates (age range 18 to 55 years; M = 22), we conducted an examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and other-forgiveness in the Five-factor model of personality (FFM). Using multiple measures of each construct, principal components analysis (PCA) supported a 2-component model of forgiveness. Findings for the PCA and external correlates with the FFM provided evidence for a largely orthogonal relationship between self- and other-forgiveness. Specifically, self-forgiveness was negatively related to Neuroticism and unrelated to Agreeableness, whereas other-forgiveness was unrelated to Neuroticism and positively related to Agreeableness. Overlap between the constructs was found in which both self- and other-forgiveness were negatively related to the hostility facet of Neuroticism and the order facet from Conscientiousness and positively related to the warmth and positive emotions facet scales from the Extraversion domain of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Overall, these findings suggest that self- and other-forgiveness, although seemingly similar, carry very different motivational underpinnings.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Research by Ross et al. found that personality is closely connected to forgiveness, neuroticism is related to self-forgiveness, and agreeableness is related to relationships with others [35].”
From Forgiveness as a Mediator between Psychological Suzhi and Prosocial Behavior in Chinese Adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,395
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652
(1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,350
Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships.
McCullough, M. E., Worthington, E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.2.321 · Cited by 972
Digman, J. M., & Takemoto-Chock, N. K. (1981) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1602_2 · Cited by 783
Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors.
Freedman, S. R., & Enright, R. D. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.5.983 · Cited by 631
Hays, W. L. (1988) · Cited by 462
Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors.
Freedman, S. R., & Enright, R. D. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.5.983 · Cited by 441
Measuring interpersonal forgiveness in late adolescence and middle adulthood
Subkoviak, M. J., Enright, R. D., Wu, C., Gassin, E. A., Freedman, S. R., Olson, L. M., & Sarinopoulos, I. C. (1995) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1995.1045 · Cited by 395
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., O’Connor, L. E., & Wade, N. G. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672012710004 · Cited by 384
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Goldberg L. R., 1990, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216, 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216 · DOI · Paper page
- Mauger P. A., 1992, Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170
- McCullough M. E., 1997, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321, 10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.321 · DOI · Paper page
- Sweet, L. A. (2001). The relationship between forgiveness and personality traits. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH.
Cited by
Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy
Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003 · Cited by 2,738
The critical role of customer forgiveness in successful service recovery
Harrison‐Walker, L. J. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.049 · Cited by 223
Self-forgiveness versus excusing: The roles of remorse, effort, and acceptance of responsibility
Fisher, M. L., & Exline, J. J. (2006) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860600586123 · Cited by 216
Forgiveness and personality traits
Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-Zois, C. J., & Ross, S. R. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.001 · Cited by 160
Self-citationSelf-Forgiveness, Spirituality, and Psychological Adjustment in Women with Breast Cancer
Romero, C., Friedman, L. C., Kalidas, M., Elledge, R. M., Chang, J. C., & Liscum, K. R. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-005-9038-z · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., & Wrobel, T. A.
- Affiliations
- DePauw University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Assessment
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 207-214
- ISSN
- 0022-3891 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7752
- OpenAlex
- W2080126979
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- self-forgiveness, Big Five personality traits, personality traits, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, NEO-PI-R, convergent and discriminant validity, hostility, positive emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Personological Examination of Self- and Other-Forgiveness in the Five Factor Model. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1207/s15327752jpa8202_8
- The paper
- Ross, S. R., Kendall, A. C., Matters, K. G., Mark S. Rye, M. S. R., & Wrobel, T. A. (2004). A Personological Examination of Self- and Other-Forgiveness in the Five Factor Model. Journal of Personality Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8202_8
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.