Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to examine select psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ; Mullen, Markland, & Ingledew, 1997). To accomplish this aim, data were gathered in 2 phases to evaluate the BREQ's factorial composition and structure and the relation between the BREQ, need satisfaction, exercise behavior, and relevant motivational constructs. Participants completed measures assessing psychological need satisfaction, optimism, perceived behavioral control, exercise behavior, and the BREQ. Phase 1 results supported the original 4-factor measurement model and a simplex model of structural relations between latent BREQ constructs suggested within self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), and results supported the positive relations between more self-determined motives and greater psychological need satisfaction and frequent exercise behavior. Phase 2 results provided further construct validity evidence for the BREQ by linking subscale scores with greater perceived behavioral control in a manner consistent with theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Collectively, these results further support the construct validity of the BREQ and lend credence to the notion of measuring exercise motivation from a multidimensional perspective using self-determination theory as a guiding framework in the exercise domain.
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Previous review papers of SDT and physical activity have primarily focused on describing the rationale for applying SDT to physical activity behaviors and reviewing illustrative studies.
“Previous review papers of the topic of SDT and physical activity have primarily focused on describing the rationale for the application of this particular theoretical framework to physical activity behaviors, reviewing illustrative studies [7,23,24].”
From Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review (2012) · cites this paper as [23]
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“One possible explanation for these weak findings can be offered by considering the conceptual relations between variables at different levels in the hierarchical model of motivation proposed by Vallerand (1997) .”
BackgroundInfluentialGoal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model
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Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review
Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-78 · Cited by 2,963 · see citing works
“…54.5 yr) UK Exercise self-regulations (BREQ-2) BIV: IM (+), ID (+), INTR (n.s.), EXT (n.s.), AMOT (n.s.) Self-reported exercise (LTEQ) Bivariate correlations Wilson et al., 2002 [49] Cross-sectional 500 (81) Aerobic exercisers (Mean 34 yr) Canada Exercise self-regulations (BREQ) BIV: IM (+), ID…”
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Self-citationThe Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale
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Self-citationA Review and Meta-Analysis of Affective Judgments and Physical Activity in Adult Populations
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Becoming a regular exerciser: examining change in behavioural regulations among exercise initiates
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Self-citationGalan-Lopez, P., Sanchez-Oliver, A. J., Pihu, M., Gísladóttír, T., Domínguez, R., & Ries, F. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010077 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., & Fraser, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Venue
- Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 1091-367X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7841
- OpenAlex
- W2045494605
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
- AUSpace (Athabasca University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- exercise motivation, self-determination theory, psychological need satisfaction, perceived behavioral control, exercise behavior, construct validity, factor structure, optimism
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