The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
True-False Tests that Measure and Promote Structural Understanding
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Multiple true-false formats enable fine-grained measurement of students' factual and structural knowledge in higher education (Diekhoff 1984).”
From Generative AI and Learning Dynamics in Higher Education: A Longitudinal Empirical Study (2026) · cites this paper as Diekhoff 1984
Citations
Cites
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141
Berge, Z. L. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/047134608x.w3353 · Cited by 869
Genzwein, F. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8831-6_6 · Cited by 388
Methods for examining representations of A subject‐matter structure in a student's memory
Shavelson, R. J. (1974) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660110307 · Cited by 264
Shavelson, R. J. (1972) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032652 · Cited by 244
Development and evaluation of a learning strategy training program.
Dansereau, D. F., Collins, K. W., McDonald, B. A., Holly, C. D., Garland, J. C., Diekhoff, G. M., & Evans, S. H. (1979) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.71.1.64 · Cited by 213
Self-citationCognitive and Affective Learning Strategies
Braun, I., Gurlitt, J., & Nückles, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_292 · Cited by 148
Organization revealed by recall orders and confirmed by pauses
Reitman, J. S., & Rueter, H. H. (1980) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90020-1 · Cited by 124
Mapping cognitive structure: A comparison of methods.
PREECE, P. E. (1976) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.68.1.1 · Cited by 112
Some psychological aspects of subject-matter structure.
Johnson, P. E. (1967) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024465 · Cited by 79
Cited by
Generative AI and Learning Dynamics in Higher Education: A Longitudinal Empirical Study
Melanou, C., Beege, M., & Kimmig, M. (2026) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1002/jcal.70322 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Diekhoff, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Midwestern State University
- Venue
- Teaching of Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1984-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-101
- ISSN
- 0098-6283
- 1532-8023
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 22
- Language
- en
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
