Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling to Explore the Impact of Food and Gastric pH Changes on the Pharmacokinetics of Alectinib
Abstract
Alectinib, a lipophilic, basic, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor with very low aqueous solubility, has received Food and Drug Administration-accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer. This paper describes the application of physiologically based absorption modeling during clinical development to predict and understand the impact of food and gastric pH changes on alectinib absorption. The GastroPlus™ software was used to develop an absorption model integrating in vitro and in silico data on drug substance properties. Oral pharmacokinetics was simulated by linking the absorption model to a disposition model fit to pharmacokinetic data obtained after an intravenous infusion. Simulations were compared to clinical data from a food effect study and a drug-drug interaction study with esomeprazole, a gastric acid-reducing agent. Prospective predictions of a positive food effect and negligible impact of gastric pH elevation were confirmed with clinical data, although the exact magnitude of the food effect could not be predicted with confidence. After optimization of the absorption model with clinical food effect data, a refined model was further applied to derive recommendations on the timing of dose administration with respect to a meal. The application of biopharmaceutical absorption modeling is an area with great potential to further streamline late stage drug development and with impact on regulatory questions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
If different BSSR estimates result from the use of either FaSSIF or FeSSIF data, this may indicate that effects other than simple bile salt solubilisation are involved.
“If different BSSR estimates result from the use of either FaSSIF or FeSSIF data, this may indicate that effects other than simple bile salt solubilisation are involved [56].”
Cites
Lipids and Lipid-Based Formulations: Optimizing the Oral Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs
Porter, C. J. H., Trevaskis, N. L., & Charman, W. N. (2007) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2197 · Cited by 1,824 · see citing works
Dissolution Media Simulating Conditions in the Proximal Human Gastrointestinal Tract: An Update
Jantratid, E., Janssen, N., Reppas, C., & Dressman, J. B. (2008) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9569-4 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Kalantzi, L., Goumas, K., Kalioras, V., Abrahamsson, B., Dressman, J., & Reppas, C. I. (2005) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-005-8476-1 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
BDDCS Applied to Over 900 Drugs
Benet, L. Z., Broccatelli, F., & Oprea, T. I. (2011) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-011-9290-9 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Jones, H., Chen, Y., Gibson, C., Heimbach, T., Parrott, N., Peters, S., Snoeys, J., Upreti, V., Zheng, M., & Hall, S. (2015) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.37 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of Intestinal First-Pass Drug Metabolism
Yang, J., Jamei, M., Yeo, K., Tucker, G., & Rostami-Hodjegan, A. (2007) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/138920007782109733 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Vertzoni, M., Dressman, J., BUTLER, J., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.03.002 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Budha, N. R., Frymoyer, A. R., Smelick, G. S., Jin, J. Y., Yago, M. R., Dresser, M. J., Holden, S. N., Benet, L. Z., & Ware, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2012.73 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Lung Cancer
Shaw, A. T., & Solomon, B. (2011) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1591 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Estimation of the increase in solubility of drugs as a function of bile salt concentration
Mithani, S. D., Bakatselou, V., TenHoor, C. N., & Dressman, J. B. (1996) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1016062224568 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Takano, R., Sugano, K., Higashida, A., et al. (2006) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-0162-4 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, C., Zhao, P., Pan, Y., Hsu, V, Grillo, J., Huang, S., & Sinha, V (2015) · CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.33 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Estimating drug solubility in the gastrointestinal tract
Dressman, J., Vertzoni, M., Goumas, K., & Reppas, C. I. (2007) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.009 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Solubility and Dissolution Profile Assessment in Drug Discovery
Sugano, K., Okazaki, A., Sugimoto, S., Tavornvipas, S., Omura, A., & Mano, T. (2007) · Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2133/dmpk.22.225 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Accuracy of calculated pH-dependent aqueous drug solubility
Bergström, C. A. S., Luthman, K., & Artursson, P. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2004.04.006 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Smelick, G. S., Heffron, T. P., Chu, L. K., Dean, B., West, D. A., DuVall, S. L., Lum, B. L., Budha, N. R., Holden, S. N., Benet, L. Z., et al. (2013) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp400403s · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Microenvironmental pH Modulation in Solid Dosage Forms
Badawy, S. I. F., & Hussain, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.20932 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Wu, T.-Y., Khor, T. O., Saw, C. L. L., Loh, S. C., Chen, A. I., Lim, S. S., Park, J. H. Y., Cai, L., & Kong, A. N. T. (2010) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-010-9239-4 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Parrott, N. J., Lukacova, V., Fraczkiewicz, G., & Bolger, M. B. (2009) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-008-9079-7 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, H. M., Parrott, N. J., Ohlenbusch, G., & Lav, T. (2006) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-200645120-00006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, C., Pan, Y., Hsu, V., Grillo, J. A., Zhang, L., Reynolds, K. S., Sinha, V., & Zhao, P. (2015) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-014-0188-4 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Applications of Physiologically Based Absorption Models in Drug Discovery and Development
Parrott, N. J., & Lavé, T. (2008) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp8000155 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationStudy of pH-dependent solubility of organic bases. Revisit of Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship
Völgyi, G., Baka, E., Box, K. J., et al. (2010) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.022 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Mitra, A., & Kesisoglou, F. (2013) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp400256h · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Wu, F., et al. (2014) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2014.87 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Li, M., Zhao, P., Pan, Y., & Wagner, C. (2017) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.12260 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Fuchs, A., & Dressman, J. (2014) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.24183 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Pathak, S. M., Ruff, A., Kostewicz, E. S., Patel, N. K., Turner, D. B., & Jamei, M. (2017) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00406 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Estimation of Intragastric Solubility of Drugs: In What Medium?
Vertzoni, M., Pastelli, E., Psachoulias, D., et al. (2007) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9209-9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Effects of Oral Doses of Lansoprazole and Omeprazole on Gastric pH
Tolman, K. G., Sanders, S. W., Buchi, K. N., Karol, M. D., Jennings, D. E., & Ringham, G. L. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199703000-00003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effects of ranitidine and sucralfate on ketoconazole bioavailability
Piscitelli, S. C., Goss, T. F., Wilton, J. H., et al. (1991) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.35.9.1765 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Tomilo, D. L., Smith, P. F., Ogundele, A., DiFrancesco, R., Berenson, C. S., Eberhardt, E., Bednarczyk, E. M., & Morse, G. D. (2006) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.26.3.341 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Charman, S. A., Segrave, A. M., Edwards, G. A., & Porter, C. J. H. (2000) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6017(200002)89:2 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Riedmaier, A. E., Lindley, D. J., Hall, J. A., Castleberry, S. A., Slade, R. T., Stuart, P., Carr, R. A., Borchardt, T. B., Bow, D. A. J., & Nijsen, M. (2017) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.027 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Pudipeddi, M., Zannou, E. A., Vasanthavada, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.21052 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Dissolution and Solubility Behavior of Fenofibrate in Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solutions
Granero, G. E., Ramachandran, C., & Amidon, G. L. (2005) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639040500272108 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Heikkinen, A. T., Baneyx, G., Caruso, A., & Parrott, N. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2012.06.013 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationShepard, T., Scott, G., Cole, S., Nordmark, A., & Bouzom, F. (2015) · CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.30 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Morcos, P. N., Yu, L. J., Bogman, K., et al. (2016) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2016.1179821 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting the Intestinal Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Glomme, A., Mrz, J., & Dressman, J. (2007) · Wiley-VCH eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783906390468.ch16 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cristofoletti, R., Patel, N. K., & Dressman, J. (2016) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Jakubiak, P., Wagner, B., Grimm, H. P., Petrig-Schaffland, J., Schuler, F., & Alvarez‐Sánchez, R. (2015) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00808 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Morcos, P. N., Cleary, Y., Guerini, E., Dall, G., Bogman, K., Petris, L. D., Viteri, S., Bordogna, W., Yu, L. J., Martin‐Facklam, M., et al. (2016) · Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development · doi:10.1002/cpdd.298 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Omeprazole on Intragastric pH, Intestinal Motility, and Gastric Emptying Rate
Rasmussen, L. (1999) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/003655299750025868 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Patel, N. K., Polak, S., Jamei, M., Rostami‐Hodjegan, A., & Turner, D. B. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Parrott, N. J., Hainzl, D., Scheubel, E., et al. (2014) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-014-9639-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationXia, B., Heimbach, T., Lin, T., Li, S., Zhang, H., Sheng, J., & He, H. (2013) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-013-0018-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Litou, C., Vertzoni, M., Xu, W., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.009 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lymphocyte Transformation and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Crohn's Disease
Röpke, C. (1972) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365527209180975 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Time effects of food intake on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quazepam
Yasui‐Furukori, N., Takahata, T., Kondo, T., Mihara, K., Kaneko, S., & Tateishi, T. (2003) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01775.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nakagawa, K., Hida, T., Seto, T., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.8103 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Miller, N. A., Reddy, M. B., Heikkinen, A. T., Lukacova, V., & Parrott, N. (2019) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-019-00741-9 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, W., Chen, Y., Unadkat, J. D., Zhang, X., Wu, D., & Heimbach, T. (2022) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-022-03274-2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
- Authors
- Parrott, N. J., Yu, L. J., Takano, R., Nakamura, M., & Morcos, P. N.
- Affiliations
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Parrott, Neil J
- Venue
- The AAPS Journal
- Published
- 2016-07-22
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1464-1474
- ISSN
- 1550-7416 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2497876629
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The AAPS Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- entrectinib, alectinib, physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling, food effect, gastric pH, drug absorption, pH-dependent solubility, acidifiers, lansoprazole, drug-drug interactions, relative bioavailability, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, NTRK fusion, ROS1 rearrangement, non-small cell lung cancer
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Carbazoles, Delayed-Action Preparations, Double-Blind Method, Female, Food, Gastric Acid, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Piperidines, Placebos, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Rats, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review