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Cited by 28Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsPolymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of a Novel Metronidazole-Loaded Gastro-Retentive pH-Sensitive Hydrogel

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El-Mahrouk, Galal M., Aboul-Einien, Mona H., Makhlouf, Amal I.·2016·AAPS PharmSciTech
DOI 10.1208/s12249-015-0467-x
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Abstract

Floating pH-sensitive chitosan hydrogels containing metronidazole were developed for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori from the stomach. Hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking medium or high molecular weight chitosan in lyophilized solutions containing metronidazole using either citrate or tripolyphosphate (TPP) salts at 1% or 2% concentration. A 2 3 factorial design was developed to study the influence of formulation parameters on the physical characteristics of the prepared hydrogels. The interaction between hydrogel components was investigated. The morphology of the prepared hydrogels was inspected and their percentage swelling, release pattern, and moisture content were evaluated. The results revealed the absence of interaction between hydrogel components and their highly porous structure. Percentage swelling of the hydrogels was much higher, and drug release was faster in gastric pH compared with intestinal pH. The formula prepared using 2% high molecular weight chitosan and 2% TPP significantly swelled (700%) within the first 4 h and released the loaded drug over a period of 24 h. Its moisture content was not affected by storage at high relative humidity. Therefore, this formula was selected to be tested in dogs for its gastric retention (using X-ray radiography) and efficacy in the eradication of H. pylori (using histopathological and microbiological examination). The results revealed that the prepared hydrogel formula was retained in dog stomach for at least 48 h, and it was more effective against H. pylori than the commercially available oral metronidazole tablets (Flagyl®).

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  • pH-sensitive chitosan-based hydrogels had a prolonged residence time in a dog's stomach of over 48 h compared to commercially available metronidazole tablets.

    “These findings revealed prolonged residence time of hydrogel systems in a dog’s stomach of over 48 h compared to commercially available metronidazole tablets.”

    From pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as El-Mahrouk et al., 2016

    The in vivo evaluation reports that the chitosan hydrogel remained in dogs’ stomachs at the last radiograph, taken 48 hours after dosing. It does not establish residence beyond 48 hours or compare gastric residence time with Flagyl® tablets; the tablet comparison concerns effectiveness against H. pylori (Discussion; Abstract). (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • pH-sensitive chitosan-based hydrogels loaded with metronidazole swelled more rapidly at stomach pH and showed increased drug release rate compared to intestinal pH.

    “The hydrogels swelled more rapidly at the stomach pH and showed increased drug release rate compared to the intestinal pH.”

    From pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as El-Mahrouk et al., 2016

  • The chitosan-based hydrogel floated on gastric fluids rather than adhering to the gastric mucosa.

    “The hydrogel turned around in the stomach on the radiographs, indicating that it floated on the gastric fluids rather than adhering to the gastric mucosa (El-Mahrouk et al., 2016).”

    From pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. (2023) · cites this paper as El-Mahrouk et al., 2016

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Metadata

Authors
El-Mahrouk, G. M., Aboul-Einien, M. H., & Makhlouf, A. I.
Affiliations
Cairo University (EG)
Corresponding author
Aboul-Einien, Mona H.
ORCID
Makhlouf, Amal I.
Venue
AAPS PharmSciTech
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2015-12-21
Volume
17
Issue
6
Pages
1285-1297
ISSN
1530-9932 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1208/s12249-015-0467-x
OpenAlex
W2239263916
Semantic Scholar
50c3b99bd15e824a916a79ec98477905744cddac
Cited by
28
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
0.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • AAPS PharmSciTech (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Cairo University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements
Keywords
metronidazole, gastroretentive drug delivery, pH-responsive hydrogels, chitosan hydrogel, Helicobacter pylori eradication, sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking, hydrogel swelling, drug release, 2^3 factorial design, formulation optimization, gastric retention, oral drug delivery
MeSH terms
Animals, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Dogs, Drug Carriers, Gastric Mucosa, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Metronidazole, Polyphosphates, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections, Drug Delivery Systems, Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate, Chitosan, Drug Liberation

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