The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The External Genitalia Score (EGS): A European Multicenter Validation Study
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Standardized description of external genitalia is needed in the assessment of children with atypical genitalia. OBJECTIVES: To validate the External Genitalia Score (EGS), to present reference values for preterm and term babies up to 24 months and correlate obtained scores with anogenital distances (AGDs). DESIGN, SETTING: A European multicenter (n = 8) validation study was conducted from July 2016 to July 2018. PATIENTS AND METHODS: EGS is based on the external masculinization score but uses a gradual scale from female to male (range, 0-12) and terminology appropriate for both sexes. The reliability of EGS and AGDs was determined by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cross-sectional data were obtained in 686 term babies (0-24 months) and 181 preterm babies, and 111 babies with atypical genitalia. RESULTS: The ICC of EGS in typical and atypical genitalia is excellent and good, respectively. Median EGS (10th to 90th centile) in males < 28 weeks gestation is 10 (8.6-11.5); in males 28-32 weeks 11.5 (9.2-12); in males 33-36 weeks 11.5 (10.5-12) and in full-term males 12 (10.5-12). In all female babies, EGS is 0 (0-0). The mean (SD) lower/upper AGD ratio (AGDl/u) is 0.45 (0.1), with significant difference between AGDl/u in males 0.49 (0.1) and females 0.39 (0.1) and intermediate values in differences of sex development (DSDs) 0.43 (0.1). The AGDl/u correlates with EGS in males with typical genitalia and in atypical genitalia. CONCLUSIONS: EGS is a reliable and valid tool to describe external genitalia in premature and term babies up to 24 months. EGS correlates with AGDl/u in males. It facilitates standardized assessment, clinical decision-making and multicenter research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Whereas gonadal development is normal, severely increased prenatal adrenal androgen production leads to virilization of the female external genitalia (30), including variable degrees of clitoral enlargement and labial fusion.”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965
A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012 · Cited by 31,709
Beckett, A. H., Rowland, M., & TURNER, P. (1965) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91037-8 · Cited by 16,917
Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders
Lee, P. A., Houk, C. P., Ahmed, S. F., Hughes, I. A., & in collaboration with the participants in the International Consensus Conference on Intersex organized by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0738 · Cited by 2,324
Self-citationConsensus statement on management of intersex disorders
Hughes, I. A. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2006.098319 · Cited by 1,414
Global Disorders of Sex Development Update since 2006: Perceptions, Approach and Care
Lee, P. A., Nordenström, A., Houk, C. P., Ahmed, S. F., Auchus, R. J., Baratz, A. B., Dalke, K. B., Liao, L., Lin‐Su, K., Looijenga, L. H. J., et al. (2016) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000442975 · Cited by 1,292
Self-citationCaring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement
Cools, M., Nordenström, A., Robeva, R. N., Hall, J., Westerveld, P., Flück, C. E., Köhler, B., Berra, M., Springer, A., Schweizer, K., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0010-8 · Cited by 467
Self-citationWorldwide prevalence of hypospadias
Springer, A., van den Heijkant, M., & Baumann, S. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Urology · doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.12.002 · Cited by 296
Self-citationAhmed, S. F., Achermann, J. C., Arlt, W., Balen, A. H., Conway, G. S., Edwards, Z., Elford, S., Hughes, I. A., Izatt, L., Krone, N. P., et al. (2015) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12857 · Cited by 285
Self-citationThe role of a clinical score in the assessment of ambiguous genitalia
Ahmed, S. F., Khwaja, O., & Hughes, I. A. (2000) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00354.x · Cited by 284
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- van der Straaten, 2019, Supplemental figures and tables of European multicenter validation study of the External Genitalia Score, Dryad Digital Repository
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management
Claahsen - van der Grinten, H. L., Speiser, P. W., Ahmed, S. F., Arlt, W., Auchus, R. J., Falhammar, H., Flück, C. E., Guasti, L., Huebner, A., Kortmann, B. B. M., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab016 · Cited by 556
Self-citationMini-Puberty, Physiological and Disordered: Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Replacement
Rohayem, J., Alexander, E. C., Heger, S., Nordenström, A., & Howard, S. R. (2024) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnae003 · Cited by 127
Self-citationAhmed, S. F., Achermann, J. C., Alderson, J., Crouch, N. S., Elford, S., Hughes, I. A., Krone, N. P., McGowan, R., Mushtaq, T., O’Toole, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14528 · Cited by 113
Self-citationNordenström, A., Ahmed, S. F., van den Akker, E., Blair, J., Bonomi, M., Brachet, C., Broersen, L. H. A., Claahsen-van der Grinten, H. L., Dessens, A. B., Gawlik, A., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-22-0073 · Cited by 108
Self-citationKouri, C., Sommer, G., de la Piscina, I. M., Elzenaty, R. N., Tack, L. J. W., Cools, M., Ahmed, S. F., Flück, C. E., Abalı, S., Abalı, Z. Y., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104941 · Cited by 43
Self-citationAnogenital Distance in Healthy Infants: Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges
Fischer, M. B., Ljubicic, M. L., Hagen, C. P., Thankamony, A., Ong, K. K., Hughes, I. A., Jensen, T. K., Main, K. M., Petersen, J. H., Busch, A. S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa393 · Cited by 41
Self-citationCongenital Micropenis: Etiology And Management
Stancampiano, M., Suzuki, K., O'Toole, S., Russo, G., Yamada, G., & Ahmed, S. F. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab172 · Cited by 40
Self-citationBusch, A. S., Ljubicic, M. L., Upners, E. N., Fischer, M. B., Kolby, N., Eckert‐Lind, C., Jespersen, K., Andersson, A., Frederiksen, H. W., Johannsen, T. H., et al. (2021) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12777 · Cited by 40
Self-citationENDO-ERN expert opinion on the differential diagnosis of pubertal delay
Persani, L., Bonomi, M., Cools, M., Dattani, M., Dunkel, L., Gravholt, C. H., & Juul, A. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02626-z · Cited by 34
Self-citationToward a Robust Definition of Sport Sex
Handelsman, D. J. (2024) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnae013 · Cited by 34
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasias Presenting in the Newborn and Young Infant
Balsamo, A., Baronio, F., Ortolano, R., Menabò, S., Baldazzi, L., Natale, V. D., Vissani, S., & Cassio, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.593315 · Cited by 27
Differences of sex development
Ahmed, S. F., Armstrong, K., Cheng, E. Y., Cools, M., Harley, V. R., Mendonca, B. B., Nordenström, A., Rey, R. A., Sandberg, D. E., Utari, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00637-y · Cited by 29
Self-citationPubertal development in 46,XY patients with NR5A1 mutations
Mönig, I., Schneidewind, J., Johannsen, T. H., Juul, A., Werner, R., Lünstedt, R., Birnbaum, W., Marshall, L., Wünsch, L., & Hiort, O. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02883-y · Cited by 19
Self-citationder Grinten, H. L. C., Adriaansen, B. P. H., & Falhammar, H. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae718 · Cited by 17
Debo, B., Loocke, M. V., Groote, K. D., Leenheer, E. D., & Cools, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18030917 · Cited by 17
Self-citationGrinspon, R. P., Castro, S., & Rey, R. A. (2021) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000519895 · Cited by 18
Kothandapani, A., Jefcoate, C. R. E., & Jorgensen, J. S. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab066 · Cited by 15
Rey, R. A. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac133 · Cited by 13
Tack, L. J. W., van der Straaten, S., Riedl, S., Springer, A., Holterhus, P., Hornig, N., Kolesińska, Z., Niedziela, M., Baronio, F., Balsamo, A., et al. (2021) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14614 · Cited by 14
Self-citationAssessment of testicular function in boys and adolescents
Dacal, J. L., Castro, S., Suco, S., Brito, L. C., Grinspon, R. P., & Rey, R. A. (2023) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14979 · Cited by 12
Wechsung, K., Marshall, L., Jürgensen, M., Neumann, U., & on behalf of the Empower-DSD Study Group (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11133859 · Cited by 11
de Oliveira, F. M., Barros, B. A., dos Santos, A. P., Viguetti‐Campos, N. L., Mazzola, T. N., Filho, P. L., Andrade, L. A. L. D. A., Guaragna, M. S., de Mello, M. P., Guerra‐Júnior, G., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.63051 · Cited by 11
Sex-specific ranges and ratios for anogenital distance among Thai full-term newborns
Numsriskulrat, N., Srilanchakon, K., Pronprechatham, C., Pornkunwilai, S., & Supornsilchai, V. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03325-y · Cited by 11
Imaging in fetal genital anomalies
Soto, Á. L., González, M. B., Reyes, M. U., Jiménez, L. C. M., Sánchez, A. B., Morcillo, J. G., Martínez, M. V., González, J. L. M., Rivero, I. M., & Izquierdo, O. G. (2023) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.01.035 · Cited by 11
Differences of sex development in the newborn: from clinical scenario to molecular diagnosis
Ibba, A., Pistoia, M. D., Balsamo, A., Baronio, F., Capalbo, D., Russo, G., SANCTIS, L. D., & Bizzarri, C. (2022) · Minerva Pediatrics · doi:10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06512-5 · Cited by 10
Cools, M., Verhagen, E., Hoebeke, P. B., Hoecke, E. V., & Cannoot, P. (2023) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.15002 · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe anogenital ratio as an indicator of reproductive performance in dairy heifers
Beci, B., Eetvelde, M. V., Vanlommel, L., & OPSOMER, G. (2023) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.019 · Cited by 9
Juul, A., Gravholt, C. H., Vos, M. D., Koledova, E. B., & Cools, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1160884 · Cited by 9
Self-citationClinical Implications of Minipuberty
Juul, A. (2026) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2305989 · Cited by 7
Self-citationDiagnostic approach in 46, XY DSD: an endocrine society of bengal (ESB) consensus statement
Baidya, A., Basu, A. K., Bhattacharjee, R., Biswas, D., Biswas, K., Chakraborty, P. P., Chatterjee, P., Chowdhury, S., Dasgupta, R., Ghosh, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2022-0515 · Cited by 7
Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review
Soto, Á. L., González, M. B., Reyes, M. U., Morcillo, J. G., Meseguer-González, J. L., Uriarte, J. M., Izquierdo, O. G., Donate-Legaz, J. M., Leante‐Castellanos, J. L., & Martínez‐Cendán, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0189 · Cited by 9
Approach to the Patient With a Difference of Sexual Development
Syryn, H., Baere, E. B. W. D., & Cools, M. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf386 · Cited by 6
Self-citationHonour, J. W. (2024) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109502 · Cited by 7
Update on the management of a newborn with a suspected difference of sex development
Lucas-Herald, A. K., Rodie, M., & Ahmed, S. F. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320872 · Cited by 6
Self-citationGonadal function and pathology in 17beta-HSD 3 and 5alpha-reductase deficiency
Boogers, L. S., Brüggenwirth, H. T., Wolffenbuttel, K. P., Hersmus, R., Bryce, J., Ahmed, S. F., Lucas-Herald, A. K., Baronio, F., Cools, M., Ellaithi, M. M. H., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae154 · Cited by 5
Self-citationBaz-Redón, N., Soler, L., Fernández‐Cancio, M., Benito‐Sanz, S., Garrido‐Pontnou, M., Moliné, T., Clemente, M., Camats, N., & Yeste, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.957969 · Cited by 5
Variations in Sex Characteristics
Johnson, A., Yu, L., Ryan, G. L., Debiec, K. E., & Oelschlager, A. A. (2024) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2024.08.002 · Cited by 4
Serum LH/FSH ratios in 87 infants with differences of sex development
Ljubicic, M. L., Johannsen, T. H., Fischer, M. B., Upners, E. N., Busch, A. S., Main, K. M., Andersson, A., Hagen, C. P., & Juul, A. (2023) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-22-0275 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBrito, L. C., Grinspon, R. P., Dacal, J. L., Scaglia, P. A., Azcoiti, M. E., Izquierdo, A., Ropelato, M. G., & Rey, R. A. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13071158 · Cited by 4
Cohort profile: The Copenhagen Analgesic Study—The COPANA cohort
Fischer, M. B., Mola, G., Scheel, L., Wraae, K. B., Rom, A. L., Frederiksen, H. W., Johannsen, T. H., Almstrup, K., Sundberg, K., Hegaard, H. K., et al. (2024) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.13058 · Cited by 4
Self-citationExploring the clinical implications of novel SRD5A2 variants in 46,XY disorders of sex development
Mao, Y., Huang, J., Chenzhang, Y., He, L., Zhang, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, X., Liao, L., Tang, Y., & Yang, J. (2024) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/aja202469 · Cited by 4
Tadokoro‐Cuccaro, R., Hughes, I. A., Cools, M., de Vijver, K. K. V., Mendonca, B. B., Domenice, S., Batista, R. L., Dallago, R. T., Costa, E. D. P. F., Gomes, N. L., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf223 · Cited by 4
Self-citationMetzger, S., Aebi-Ochsner, C., Busiah, K., Dirlewanger, M., Gschwend, S., Hess, M., Kuhlmann, B., l’Allemand, D., Lang‐Muritano, M., Noordam, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf099 · Cited by 4
Nanda, P., Yadav, J., Dayal, D., Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Kumar, J., Kaur, H., & Sikka, P. (2023) · Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-023-04703-9 · Cited by 3
Anogenital distance and anal position index in cadaveric human fetuses
Taşkınlar, H., Elvan, Ö., İşbir, C., KILLI, İ., & Naycı, A. (2022) · Anatomical Science International · doi:10.1007/s12565-022-00680-9 · Cited by 3
Genetic diagnosis in XY disorders of sex development
Priyadarshini, S., Sharma, R., & Jain, V. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.25259/jped_42_2024 · Cited by 2
A Novel POR G88S Mutation Causes Severe PORD and Establishes a Critical Pharmacogenomic Risk Profile
Velazquez, M. N. R., Dacal, J. L., Jørgensen, F. S., Sanguineti, N., Sharma, K., Marino, R. M., Garrido, N. P., Vaiani, E., Ramírez, P., Scaglia, P. A., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf630 · Cited by 2
Tack, L., Brachet, C., Beauloye, V., Heinrichs, C., Boros, E., Waele, K. D., van der Straaten, S., Aken, S. V., Craen, M., Lemay, A., et al. (2023) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoad047 · Cited by 1
Self-citationQin, Y., Su, H., Jing, X., Li, S., Ji, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Xue, T., Wu, X., et al. (2024) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2024.2373741 · Cited by 2
Liimatta, J., Sauter, K., du Toit, T., Schaller, A., l’Allemand, D., & Flueck, C. E. (2025) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae245 · Cited by 2
Prenatal androgen exposure and gender behavior in disorders of sex development
Nikitina, I. L., Кудряшова, Е. К., & Kelmanson, I. A. (2021) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.04.006 · Cited by 2
Serum Concentrations and Gonadal Expression of INSL3 in Eighteen Males With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism
Ljubicic, M. L., Jørgensen, A., Aksglæde, L., Nielsen, J. E., Albrethsen, J., Juul, A., & Johannsen, T. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.709954 · Cited by 2
Self-citationDisorders or Differences of Sex Development
Cools, M., & Hannema, S. E. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18901-3_1-1 · Cited by 2
Self-citationYeste, D., Aguilar-Riera, C., Canestrino, G., Fernández‐Álvarez, P., Clemente, M., & Camats, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.884107 · Cited by 2
Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung - ein klinisches und rechtliches Update
Wagner, I. V., Hiort, O., & Frielitz, F. (2023) · Pädiatrie up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1544-6170 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGenomic testing for differences of sex development: Practices and perceptions of clinicians
Atlas, G., Hanna, C., Tan, T. Y., Nisselle, A. E., Tucker, E. J., Ayers, K. L., Sinclair, A. H., & O’Connell, M. A. (2024) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.15123 · Cited by 1
Marie, C., Tosca, L., Bouligand, J., Tayeb, A. E. K. A., Trabado, S., Houang, M., Samara‐Boustani, D., & Bouvattier, C. M. (2025) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000542580 · Cited by 1
An evaluation of cases of disorders of sex development related to SRD5A2
Celiloğlu, C., Turan, İ., Kotan, L. D., Çimen, A. M., Doğruel, D., & Yüksel, B. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04252-5 · Cited by 1
Germ cell and other tumors in individuals with differences in sex development
Witchel, S. F., & Reyes‐Múgica, M. (2025) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.70015 · Cited by 1
Karataş, M. Ç., Evin, F., Atık, T., Ata, A., Er, E., Parıltay, E., Solmaz, A. E., Gökşen, D., Darcan, Ş., & Özen, S. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04419-0 · Cited by 1
Exploring the Association between Prenatal Growth and Differences in Sexual Development in Newborns
Mattone, M. C., Garrido, N. P., Ramirez, P., Marino, R. M., Galluzzo, L., Coronado, L. M. H., Zoff, L., Baquedano, M. S., Saraco, N. I., Berensztein, E. B., et al. (2025) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000548803 · Cited by 1
Gonadal Function and Its Evolution in 46,XX Testicular/Ovotesticular DSD
Sepich, M., Bertelloni, S., Tyutyusheva, N., Lucas-Herald, A. K., Mazen, I., Cools, M., Paemel, R. V., Poyrazoğlu, Ş., Hiort, O., Döhnert, U., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf603 · Cited by 1
Self-citationBonomi, M., Balsamo, A., Bizzarri, C., Gianfrilli, D., Pivonello, R., Russo, G., Sbardella, E., Corona, G., Isidori, A. M., Cianfarani, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-02849-9 · Cited by 1
Anaforoğlu, İ., & Ertörer, M. E. (2026) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-026-00808-w · Cited by 1
Nordenstrom, A., Ahmed, S. F., van den, A. E., Blair, J., Bonomi, M., Brachet, C., Broersen, L. H. A., der, G. H. C.-V., Dessens, A. B., Gawlik, A. M., et al. (2022) · Yearbook of pediatric endocrinology · doi:10.1530/ey.19.6.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIn-depth exploration of differences of sex development: 5-year experience in a tertiary center
Hssaini, M., Abourazzak, S., Otmani, I. E., Ahakoud, M., Ameli, A., Bouguenouch, L., & Bekkari, H. (2024) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-24-0236 · Cited by 1
Lucaccioni, L., Ghidini, F., Repetto, P., Spampinato, G., Insalaco, A., Vandelli, S., Trevisani, V., Iughetti, L., & Ceccarelli, P. L. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12030296 · Cited by 1
Hydrocephalus-related amenorrhoea: A scoping review
Weyers, B., Michiels, L., Tack, L. J. W., Vandersteene, J., Masschaele, T., Coryn, N., Merckx, M., & Hamerlynck, T. W. O. (2026) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115486 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDisorders/differences of sex development: Tertiary centre experience
Mijatović, S., Milenković, T., Sedlecki, K., Kojović, V., Ilić, P., Martić, J., Mitrović, K., Todorovic, S., Marjanović, M., Tončev, J., et al. (2021) · Zdravstvena zastita · doi:10.5937/zdravzast50-33283 · Cited by 1
Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
Wagner, I. V., & Hiort, O. (2023) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61901-8_31 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTropism of Iron in Experimental Tumors under the Action of Roentgen Treatment
Balli, L. (1948) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
Typische und atypische Geschlechtsentwicklung: Grundlagen, Diagnostik und Therapie
Nussbaum, M.-L. E., & Flück, C. E. (2022) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47329-0_12-1
Self-citationVarianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
Wagner, I. V., & Hiort, O. (2021) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61904-9_31-1
Self-citationApproaching a Newborn with Atypical Genitalia: Hints for Pediatricians
Güran, T. (2022) · Trends in Pediatrics · doi:10.4274/tp.2022.63634
Neugeborenes Kind mit auffälligem Genitale
Mönig, I., Döhnert, U., & Hiort, O. (2023) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/s00112-023-01727-5
Self-citationTrends in diagnostics and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Milenković, J., Milenković, T., Sedlecki, K., Ilić, P., Kojović, V., Martić, J., Mitrović, K., Todorovic, S., Marjanović, M., Tončev, J., et al. (2023) · Medicinska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/medi55-41693
Effects of Androgen Treatment on Growth in Patients with 5-α-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency
Lee, H. I., Kim, S., Kim, S. W., Lee, M., Song, K., Suh, J., Lee, Y. S., Chae, H. W., Kim, H.-S., Han, S. W., et al. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13060992
Honour, J. W. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818124-9.00004-8
Wong, W. Y., Wong, L. M., Tam, Y. H., & Luk, H. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.43352
Diagnostik bei Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
Hiort, O., Wünsch, L., & Krege, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63275-8_36
Self-citationPrenatal ambiguous/atypical genitalia: why are we still missing it and how can we improve diagnosis?
Soto, Á. L., Martínez, M. V., Martínez, M. F., García, A. D., Izquierdo, O. G., & Marín‐Sánchez, P. (2023) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.27507
Wagner, I. V., & Hiort, O. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31574-9_31
Self-citationMetzger, S., Sommer, G., & Flück, C. E. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.03.11.24304115
Self-citationDesarrollo genital típico y variaciones del desarrollo genital
Bouty, A., Gorduza, D. B., Bretones, P., & Mouriquand, P. D. E. (2024) · EMC - Pediatría · doi:10.1016/s1245-1789(24)49143-9
Ergenlikte Cinsel Gelişim Bozuklukları
Ayrancı, Y. M. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6819
Cinsel Gelişim Bozukluklarında Cerrahi Zamanlama ve Tedavi
Söylet, Y., Sezer, A., & Hakalmaz, A. E. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6812
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluklarında Erken Dönem Ruhsal Sorunlar
Çağlayan, R. H. B., & Cantürk, A. E. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6818
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluklarında Aile
Çağlayan, R. H. B., & Aydın, A. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6816
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluğunda Psikiyatrik Açıdan Etik ve Hukuk
Çağlayan, R. H. B., & Anac, E. G. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6821
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluklarında Uzun Dönem İzlem
Turan, H. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6815
Büyükünal, S. N. C., Hakalmaz, A. E., & Sezer, A. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6801
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluklarında Damgalanma Stresi
Tosun, C. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6820
İnsan Gonad ve Cinsel Kanal Gelişiminin Embriyolojisi
Tarçın, G., & Evliyaoğlu, O. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6802
46, XX Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozuklukları
Bayramoğlu, E. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6808
Hormonal Olmayan Cinsel Gelişim Bozuklukları
Hakalmaz, A. E., & Sezer, A. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6810
Cinsel Gelişim Bozukluklarında Görüntüleme
Ucar, A. K., & Kuruğoğlu, S. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6806
Cinsiyet Gelişim Bozukluklarinda Psikiyatrik Komorbiditeler
Çirkin, B. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6817
Sezer, A., Aydın, A., Çakır, A. D., Cantürk, A. E., Ucar, A. K., Özcabı, B., Çirkin, B., Tosun, C., Aydın, D. B., Anaç, E., et al. (2024) · doi:10.5152/6800
Metadata
- Authors
- van der Straaten, S., Springer, A., Zecic, A., Hebenstreit, D., Tonnhofer, U., Gawlik, A., Baumert, M., Szeliga, K., Debulpaep, S., Desloovere, A., Tack, L., Smets, K., Wasniewska, M., Corica, D., Calafiore, M., Ljubicic, M. L., Busch, A. S., Juul, A., Nordenström, A., Sigurdsson, J., Flück, C. E., Haamberg, T., Graf, S., Hannema, S. E., Wolffenbuttel, K. P., Hiort, O., Ahmed, S. F., & Cools, M.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ghent, Belgium
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Medical University of Silesia (PL)
- Medical University of Silesia, Department of Neonatology, Katowice, Poland
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- University of Messina (IT)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cools, Martine
- ORCID
- van der Straaten, Saskia
- Springer, Alexander
- Tonnhofer, Ursula
- Gawlik, Aneta
- Szeliga, Kamila
- Debulpaep, Sara
- Desloovere, An
- Tack, Lloyd
- Wasniewska, Malgorzata
- Corica, Domenico
- Ljubicic, Marie Lindhardt
- Busch, Alexander Siegfried
- Juul, Anders
- Nordenström, Anna
- Flück, Christa E
- Hannema, Sabine E
- Hiort, Olaf
- Ahmed, S Faisal
- Cools, Martine
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2019-10-29
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e222-e230
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2982434187
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- European Cooperation in Science and Technology (BM1303)
- Medical University of Silesia (KNW-1–011/N/8/K)
- COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study (R146-A5644)
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency
- Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation (10-00101874)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (320030-146127)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
- Keywords
- ambiguous genitalia, preterm infants, disorders of sex development, reference values, inter-rater reliability
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Female, Genitalia, Female, Genitalia, Male, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Male, Reference Values, Disorders of Sex Development, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
