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Requirement of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 for the Basal Modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system affects the neuroendocrine regulation of hormone secretion, including the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the mechanisms by which endocannabinoids regulate HPA axis function have remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that mice lacking cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1−/−) display a significant dysregulation of the HPA axis. Although circadian HPA axis responsiveness is preserved, CB1−/− mice are characterized by an enhanced circadian drive on the HPA axis, resulting in elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations at the onset of the dark as compared with wild-type (CB1+/+) littermates. Moreover, CB1−/−-derived pituitary cells respond with a significantly higher ACTH secretion to CRH and forskolin challenges as compared with pituitary cells derived from CB1+/+ mice. Both CBL−/− and CB1+/+ mice properly respond to a high-dose dexamethasone test, but response to low-dose dexamethasone is influenced by genotype. In addition, CB1−/− mice show increased CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus but not in other extrahypothalamic areas, such as the amygdala and piriform cortex, in which CB1 and CRH mRNA have been colocalized. Finally, CB1−/− mice have selective glucocorticoid receptor mRNA down-regulation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus but not in the dentate gyrus or paraventricular nucleus. Conversely, mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression levels were found unchanged in these brain areas. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CB1 deficiency enhances the circadian HPA axis activity peak and leads to central impairment of glucocorticoid feedback, thus further outlining the essential role of the endocannabinoid system in the modulation of neuroendocrine functions.
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“but their expression in the central amygdala is less clear (Katona et al, 2001;Tsou et al, 1997;Cota et al, 2007; but see Kamprath et al, 2011).”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Cota et al, 2007
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“Indeed, the Rimonabant-induced increase in serum corticosterone levels seen in WT mice—also seen in other studies [45] [46]—was abolished in NPY−/− mice.”
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“Disruption of eCB signaling increases the activity of the HPA axis (Cota et al., 2007; Patel, Roelke, Rademacher, Cullinan, & Hillard, 2004), which could involve a loss of inhibitory regulation of excitatory neurotransmission within the neural stress circuit (Steiner et al., 2008).”
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“Stress and glucocorticoids can trigger endocannabinoid synthesis to constrain HPA axis activity under acute conditions, whereas chronic stress leads to a decrease in CB1 receptor activity (Crosby and Bains 2012) that impairs the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis (Cota et al. 2007).”
BackgroundGorzalka, B. B., & Hill, M. N. (2009) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88955-7_12 · Cited by 38
“The same argument cannot be made for the adrenal gland, as no hypertrophy or gross morphological changes have been found within the adrenal glands of mice lacking the CB1 receptor (Barna et al. 2004; Cota et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialNormal Physiology of ACTH and GH Release in the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary in Man
Lim, C. T., & Khoo, B. C. E. (2014) · Cited by 36
Kirilly, E., Hunyady, L., & Bagdy, G. (2012) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-012-0900-1 · Cited by 34
Pergolizzi, J. V., LeQuang, J. A., & Bisney, J. (2018) · Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids · doi:10.1159/000494992 · Cited by 34
Agorastos, A., Kellner, M., Baker, D. G., & Otte, C. (2014) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000079 · Cited by 33
“Central and peripheral endogenous cannabinoid signalling plays a modulatory role in many fundamental physiological processes, although it is particularly involved in the circadian HPA-axis activity and glucocorticoid signalling [126,127].”
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Casteels, C., Gérard, N., van Kuyck, K., Pottel, L., Nuttin, B., Bormans, G. M., & Laere, K. V. (2013) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2522-8 · Cited by 33
“The type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor mediates the majority of cannabinoid effects on the central nervous system and is found in nearly all brain areas, especially those involved in controlling food intake and reward processing [4, 5].”
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Marijuana is both antiemetic and proemetic
Lu, M. L. R. Y., & Agito, M. D. (2015) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.82a.14023 · Cited by 29
Kupferschmidt, D., Klas, P., & Erb, S. M. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01983.x · Cited by 29
“For example, in situ hybridization studies reveal significant co-localization of the mRNA of CB1 receptors and both CRF peptide and CRF1 receptors in brain regions implicated in affective behaviours (Hermann and Lutz, 2005; Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundKupferschmidt, D. A., Newman, A. E. M., Boonstra, R., & Erb, S. M. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.022 · Cited by 32
“Consistent with this idea, in situ hybridization studies reveal a high degree of colocalization between the mRNA of CB1 receptors and both CRF and CRF1 receptors within cortical and limbic brain regions known to be important for stress regulation (Hermann and Lutz, 2005; Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultCNR1 Gene and Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia
Yu, W., Binder, M. D., Moons, T., Claes, S. J., Correll, C. U., & van Winkel, R. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318283925e · Cited by 29
García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., & Manzanares, J. (2009) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881109106910 · Cited by 30
“…results in reduced baseline corticosterone secretion and POMC gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland, an enhanced circadian HPA axis activity peak and impairment of glucocorticoid feedback and hypersensitivity to stress (Cota et al., 2007; Steiner and Wotjak, 2008; Uriguen et al., 2004).”
BackgroundRamírez-López, M. T., Arco, R., Decara, J. M., Vázquez, M., Blanco, R. N., Alén, F., Suárez, J., de Heras, R. G., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165432 · Cited by 27
Genetic Manipulation of the Endocannabinoid System
Zimmer, A. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_5 · Cited by 26
Brain endocannabinoid signaling exhibits remarkable complexity
Gorzkiewicz, A., & Szemraj, J. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.012 · Cited by 26
Schechter, M., Weller, A., Pittel, Z., Gross, M., Zimmer, A., & Pinhasov, A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12082 · Cited by 23
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“Moreover, putative anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects have been described [17], as well as a role in neuronal gene expression [18] and endocrinological modulation [19].”
BackgroundEndocannabinoids and the cardiovascular response to stress
O’Sullivan, S. E., Kendall, P. J., & Kendall, D. A. (2011) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881111408457 · Cited by 20
“Disruption of EC signalling either by CB1 receptor blockade or genetic ablation increases the activity of the HPA axis (Cota et al., 2007; Steiner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMiller, L. L., Ward, S. J., & Dykstra, L. (2008) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32830ded11 · Cited by 21
“CB1 KO mice display increased basal and stress-induced activation of the HPA axis (Barna et al., 2004; Haller et al., 2004a; Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundBedse, G., Centanni, S. W., Winder, D. G., & Patel, S. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14159 · Cited by 19
“Interestingly 22% of Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)-positive cells co-express CB1 mRNA (Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundGomes‐de‐Souza, L., Bianchi, P., Ferreira, W. C., Tomeo, R. A., Cruz, F. C., & Crestani, C. C. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110284 · Cited by 21
GH/IGF1 axis disturbances in the fibromyalgia syndrome: is there a rationale for GH treatment?
Cuatrecasas, G., Alegre, C., & Casanueva, F. F. (2013) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-013-0486-0 · Cited by 20
“Furthermore the endocannabinoid system affects the neuroendocrine regulation of hormone secretion, including the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis [45].”
BackgroundSimone, J. J., Malivoire, B. L., & McCormick, C. M. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.032 · Cited by 24
Palermo, F. A., Cardinaletti, G., Cocci, P., Tibaldi, E., Polzonetti-Magni, A. M., & Mosconi, G. (2012) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.005 · Cited by 19
“The distribution of ECS signaling within the stress-sensitive nuclei of the hypothalamus suggests that endocannabinoids, through cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), should decrease hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity (Patel et al., 2004; Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundLee, T. T.-Y., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2015) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.09.002 · Cited by 22
“In support of this, genetic studies have revealed that CB1R-deficient mice have increased basal levels of CRH mRNA in the PVN, as well as elevated ACTH and CORT secretion (Cota et al., 2007; Finn, 2010; Steiner et al., 2008).”
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Rabasa, C., Pastor‐Ciurana, J., Delgado‐Morales, R., Gómez-Román, A., Carrasco, J., Gagliano, H., García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Manzanares, J., & Armario, A. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.026 · Cited by 16
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“The importance of endocannabinoid signalling in regulation of the stress system has been demonstrated by several studies (Patel et al., 2004; Wade et al., 2006; Cota et al., 2007; Steiner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPharmacological Inhibition of Brain Fatty Acid Binding Protein Reduces Ethanol Consumption in Mice
Figueiredo, A. M. P. D., Hamilton, J., Marion, M., Blum, K., Kaczocha, M., Haj‐Dahmane, S., Deutsch, D. G., & Thanos, P. K. (2017) · Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science · doi:10.17756/jrdsas.2017-037 · Cited by 15
Mohammadmirzaei, N., Rezayof, A., & Ghasemzadeh, Z. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.008 · Cited by 15
Circadian regulation of memory under stress: Endocannabinoids matter
Morena, M., Santori, A., & Campolongo, P. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104712 · Cited by 15
Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide
Navarro, D., Marín, M., Gasparyan, A., García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Rubio, G., & Manzanares, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316726 · Cited by 19
Rorato, R. C., Reis, W. L., Borges, B. C., Antunes‐Rodrigues, J., & Elias, L. L. K. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.009 · Cited by 12
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“In addition, it should be taken into account that endocannabinoids may modify neuron activity from areas projecting to PVN, such as hippocampus [37] and nucleus of solitary tract [43], which in turn modulate CRF expression in the PVN.”
BackgroundGlucocorticoids, stress and obesity
Pasquali, R., Vicennati, V., Agostini, A., & Pagotto, U. (2010) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.10.1 · Cited by 14
Self-citationPET Imaging of Endocannabinoid System
Horti, A. G., Raymont, V., & Terry, G. E. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-42014-6_11 · Cited by 11
Link between personality and response to THC exposure
Kardash, T., Rodin, D., Kirby, M. L., Davis, N., Koman, I. E., Gorelick, J., Michaelevski, I., & Pinhasov, A. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112361 · Cited by 13
Chu, L., Zheng, S., Gu, X., Wu, Y., Yang, J., & Deng, H. (2023) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2022.0267 · Cited by 10
“23 189–191 In addition, direct stimulation of agonist on CB1 increases the levels of the circulating glucocorticoids, especially when the agonist concentration is high.”
Di, T., Chen, P., Yuan, Z., Wang, Y., Sha, S., & Chen, L. (2018) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13187 · Cited by 10
“In particular, CB1R knockout mice are generally reported to exhibit increased HPA axis activity.(25,26) The administration of CB1R antagonist increases neuronal activation (as indicated by the induction of the immediate early gene c‐fos) in the PVN.”
BackgroundYang, C., Nolte, I. M., Ma, Y., An, X., Bosker, F. J., & Li, J. (2021) · Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1002/mgg3.1752 · Cited by 7
“Endocannabinoids have the ability to regulate different physiological processes involving in mood disorders, particularly including the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuro-inflammatory cytokines release [6, 7], which both are deranged in MDD [8, 9].”
BackgroundCannabinoid Modulation of Midbrain Urocortin 1 Neurones During Acute and Chronic Stress
Derks, N. M., Pintér, O., Zuure, W. A., Ledent, C. A., Watanabe, M., Molnár, C. S., Wei, Y., Roubos, E. W., Wu, S., Hrabovszky, E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02355.x · Cited by 8
Dai, Z., Li, Q., Yang, G., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., Tu, Y., Yang, S., & Yu, B. (2019) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-019-0841-8 · Cited by 8
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Jafarpour, A., Dehghani, F., & Korf, H. (2016) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-016-2544-1 · Cited by 8
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Vechiato, F. M. V., Rivas, P. M. S., Ruginsk, S. G., Borges, B. C., Elias, L. L. K., & Antunes-Rodrigues, J. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.011 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, Cota et al. (2007) demonstrated that CB1R-knockout mice show an impaired corticosterone-mediated negative feedback on the activity of the HPA axis.”
BackgroundPortugalov, A., & Akirav, I. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13221881 · Cited by 7
“CB1 receptor mRNA has been co-localized with CRF mRNA in both the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and other extrahypothalamic areas of the brain’s fear circuit, such as the mPFC and amygdala [54].”
Endocannabinoids in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders
Matias, I., Marzo, V. D., & Köfalvi, A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74349-3_14 · Cited by 6
“…increased CRH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus, as well as a hyperresponsiveness of ACTH release to CRH and forskolin at the pituitary level in vitro, and a paradox increase in the release of ACTH and corticosterone upon treatment with low dose of dexamethasone (Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCannabinoid-1 receptor agonists: a therapeutic option in severe, chronic anorexia nervosa?
Andries, A., & Støving, R. K. (2011) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.11.50 · Cited by 6
Nocheva, H., Stoynev, N., Vodenicharov, V., Krastev, D. S., Krаstev, N., & Mileva, M. M. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12010235 · Cited by 5
“For the moment, the overall evidence indicates the pivotal role of CB1, and not CB2, in HPA axis regulation following stress exposure [23,24].”
BackgroundInfluentialStress and Behavior: The Role of Nutrients with Emphasis on Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Pervanidou, P., & Chrousos, G. P. (2011) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000327790 · Cited by 5
Endocannabinoid Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity During Stress
Gray, J. M., Vecchiarelli, H. A., & Hill, M. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1056-4_6 · Cited by 5
“CB1R knockout mice (CB1R-/-) also have enhanced HPA axis circadian peaks and impaired glucocorticoid feedback (Cota et al. 2007).”
BackgroundRuat, J., dos Santos, A. H., Heinz, D. E., Nemcova, P., Stoffel, R., Deussing, J. M., Chen, A., & Wotjak, C. T. (2021) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12775 · Cited by 8
“cortex, the BNST, and the amygdala.(35,36) An immunohistochemical approach showed CB1 and CRF protein co-localization in the locus coeruleus in axon terminals of neurons projecting from the central amygdala (CeA).”
BackgroundRoberts, C. J., & Hillard, C. J. (2020) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02549-1 · Cited by 5
“CB1R expression has been demonstrated in the pituitary [16]; and CB1R signaling has been shown to dampen ACTH release from isolated pituitary cells [17].”
BackgroundNeuroanatomical basis for therapeutic applications of cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists
Thomas, B. F. (2009) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.20333 · Cited by 5
“This agrees with reports that CB1 receptors and corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHR1, also known as corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF1] receptors) are colocalized in regions of the forebrain [Hermann and Lutz, 2005], and shows that CB1 signaling plays a critical role in regulating basal hypothalamic-pit…”
BackgroundResultPET Imaging of the Endocannabinoid System
Terry, G. E., Raymont, V., & Horti, A. G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53176-8_12 · Cited by 5
Diané, A., Vine, D. F., Russell, J. C., Heth, C. D., Pierce, W. D., & Proctor, S. D. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01303.2013 · Cited by 4
Endocannabinoid Signaling in Reward and Addiction: From Homeostasis to Pathology
Laredo, S. A., Marrs, W., & Parsons, L. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57371-7_10 · Cited by 5
Zada, W., Murtaza, G., Iqbal, G., Abbas, G., Khan, S. A., & Mannan, A. (2022) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-22 · Cited by 3
“Hence, there is an enhanced synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone in blood by pituitary gland (Cota et al. 2007).”
BackgroundGenetically Modified Mice as Tools to Understand the Neurobiological Substrates of Depression
Robledo, P., Martín‐García, E., Aso, E., & Maldonado, R. J. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113196660741 · Cited by 3
“Endocan nabi oids inhibit the HPA axis through CB1 receptor activation [211, 212], which suggests an impairment in the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis in the absence of CB 1 receptor [213].”
Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids and stress
Hillard, C. J., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Pan, B., Roberts, C. J., & Shi, L. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118451281.ch5 · Cited by 2
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“Additionally, the involvement of this system in emotion regulation has suggested a role in the pathogenesis of mood disturbances [32, 33].”
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Cannabinoids: A Group of Promising Neuroprotective Agents
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“Blockade or genetic deletion of CB1 receptors increases circulating ACTH and glucocorticoid concentrations, supporting the existence of an endogenous cannabinoid tone that constrains basal HPA axis activity (Patel et al. 2004; Cota et al. 2007).”
Neuro Endocrine Strategies during Adaptation to Stress
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“Key components of the stress system are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which interact with other vital centers in the central nervous system (CNS) and tissues/organs in the periphery to mobilize a successful adaptive response against the imposed stressor(s) (Cota…”
BackgroundPhospholipase Cascades in OX1 Orexin Receptor Signaling
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Study of the interaction between 3,4 methylenedioximethamphetamine and the endocannabinoid system
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Endocannabinoids, Monoamines and Stress
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Endocannabinoid Modulation of Memory for Emotionally Arousing Experiences
Morena, M., Mariani, F., Papagianni, E., & Campolongo, P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2294-9_1
“Corticosterone rapidly elevates endocannabinoid levels in the amygdala [134], conversely, cannabinoid administration can both activate and inhibit the HPA axis [130, 135] and a blockade of CB1 receptor activity in the BLA prevents corticosterone-induced memory enhancement [2].”
BackgroundEffect of Cannabinoids and Stress on Motor Maps and Behaviour
Scullion, K. (2015) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/25792
Role of the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1) in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory and Emotionality
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Motor cortex excitability in vitro: Modulation by cannabinoid 1 receptors and stress
Hussin, A. T. (2013) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/27015
Endocrinological Effects of Drugs of Abuse
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Hajjar, J. M. (2017) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-20443
Taylor, D. E. (2017) · doi:10.12794/metadc1011766
“CB receptor-mediated signaling has also been characterized in the hypothalamus, where 13 findings from studies suggests endocannabinoids signaling through CB1 can directly alter HPA axis activity (Rorato et al., 2012, Patel et al., 2004, Cota et al., 2007).”
de Assis, A. B. B. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2018.tde-22082017-145043
Contributions of Genetically Defined Cell Populations in the Extended Amygdala to Emotional Behavior
Mazzone, C. M. (2017) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/mn8w-xr58
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Endocannabinoids and the neurobiology of emotional states
Petrie, G. N., Lunge, A. R., Mayo, L. M., & Hill, M. N. (2025) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13908-6.00021-9
Harloe, J. P. (2008) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/3826-5762
“, 2008), as well as CRH- and forskolin-induced ACTH secretion (Cota et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialAcquired transient vasopressin deficiency by cannabinoids and other substances
Vijayan, M., & Rein, J. L. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag014
Metadata
- Authors
- Cota, D., Steiner, M.-A., Marsicano, G., Cervino, C., Herman, J. P., Grübler, Y., Stalla, J., Pasquali, R., Lutz, B., Stalla, G. K., & Pagotto, U.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola (IT)
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pagotto, Uberto
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1574-1581
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2016871471
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- cannabinoid receptor type 1, CB1 knockout mice, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, endocannabinoid system, circadian rhythm, corticosterone, ACTH secretion, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, glucocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid negative feedback, dexamethasone suppression test, pituitary cells, hippocampal CA1
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Hippocampus, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pituitary-Adrenal System, RNA, Messenger, Growth Hormone, Mice, Knockout, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Mice
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