Regulation of Intracellular Triiodothyronine Is Essential for Optimal Macrophage Function
Open accessAbstract
Innate immune cells, including macrophages, have recently been identified as target cells for thyroid hormone. We hypothesized that optimal intracellular concentrations of the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) are essential for proinflammatory macrophage function. T3 is generated intracellularly by type 2 deiodinase (D2) and acts via the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR). In zebrafish embryos, D2 knockdown increased mortality during pneumococcal meningitis. Primary murine D2 knockout macrophages exhibited impaired phagocytosis and partially reduced cytokine response to stimulation with bacterial endotoxin. These effects are presumably due to reduced intracellular T3 availability. Knockdown of the main TR in macrophages, TRα, impaired polarization into proinflammatory macrophages and amplified polarization into immunomodulatory macrophages. Intracellular T3 availability and action appear to play a crucial role in macrophage function. Our data suggest that low intracellular T3 action has an anti-inflammatory effect, possibly due to an effect on macrophage polarization mediated via the TRα. This study provides important insights into the link between the endocrine and innate immune system.
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DIO2 knockdown impairs macrophage phagocytosis while blunting the cytokine response upon stimulation with bacterial endotoxin.
“In addition, DIO2 knockdown impairs macrophage phagocytosis while blunting the cytokine response upon stimulation with bacterial endotoxin [36, 37].”
From An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
The section on D2KO macrophages reports impaired phagocytosis and reduced GM-CSF transcription after LPS stimulation. But these experiments used D2 knockout cells rather than DIO2 knockdown, and the other measured cytokine responses were unchanged. The Discussion says the findings accord with earlier knockdown data, but this paper does not establish a generally blunted cytokine response from knockdown. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDIO2 knockdown increases mortality in zebrafish embryos during pneumococcal meningitis, which can be restored by T3 administration during infection.
“Finally, DIO2 knockdown increases mortality in zebrafish embryos during pneumococcal meningitis, which can be restored by T3 administration during infection [37].”
From An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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Гипотиреоз и хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких
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Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Influencing Factors in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonates
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Self-citation
- Authors
- van der Spek, A. H., Surovtseva, O. V., Jim, K. K., van Oudenaren, A., Brouwer, M. C., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Leenen, P. J. M., van de Beek, D., Hernandez, A., Fliers, E., & Boelen, A.
- Affiliations
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2018-04-10
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2241-2252
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- PMC
- PMC5920313
- OpenAlex
- W2797261069
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Academisch Medisch Centrum
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (2012 [916.13.078])
- NWO-Veni (2012 [916.13.078], 2017 [917.17.308])
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (2010 (016.116.358))
- European Research Council (281156)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P30GM103465)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- triiodothyronine, thyroid hormones, macrophage function, type 2 deiodinase, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, macrophage polarization, inflammatory macrophages, phagocytosis, lipopolysaccharide response, pneumococcal meningitis, innate immunity, endocrine-immune interaction, zebrafish embryos
- MeSH terms
- Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Iodide Peroxidase, Macrophages, Meningitis, Pneumococcal, Mortality, Phagocytosis, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Triiodothyronine, Zebrafish, Cytokines, Mice, Knockout, Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha, Mice, Gene Knockdown Techniques
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