The DOI matches its Crossref record; 541 of the 545 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: Current Concepts in Etiology, Outcomes, and Management
Open accessAbstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease, extending from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis with a significant risk for the development of cirrhosis. It is highly prevalent and is associated with significant adverse outcomes both through liver-specific morbidity and mortality but, perhaps more important, through adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. It is closely associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and both of these conditions drive progressive disease toward the more advanced stages. The mechanisms that govern hepatic lipid accumulation and the predisposition to inflammation and fibrosis are still not fully understood but reflect a complex interplay between metabolic target tissues including adipose and skeletal muscle, and immune and inflammatory cells. The ability to make an accurate assessment of disease stage (that relates to clinical outcome) can also be challenging. While liver biopsy is still regarded as the gold-standard investigative tool, there is an extensive literature on the search for novel noninvasive biomarkers and imaging modalities that aim to accurately reflect the stage of underlying disease. Finally, although no therapies are currently licensed for the treatment of NAFLD, there are interventions that appear to have proven efficacy in randomized controlled trials as well as an extensive emerging therapeutic landscape of new agents that target many of the fundamental pathophysiological processes that drive NAFLD. It is highly likely that over the next few years, new treatments with a specific license for the treatment of NAFLD will become available.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“MASLD is a disease spectrum spanning from simple excess triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within the hepatocytes (steatosis) to inflammation (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21492 · Cited by 84,109
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504720 · Cited by 12,315
Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease†
Kleiner, D. E., Brunt, E. M., Van Natta, M., Behling, C., Contos, M. J., Cummings, O. W., Ferrell, L. D., Liu, Y., Torbenson, M. S., Unalp‐Arida, A., et al. (2005) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20701 · Cited by 10,791
Younossi, Z. M., Koenig, A. B., Abdelatif, D., Fazel, Y., Henry, L., & Wymer, M. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28431 · Cited by 10,781
How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species
Murphy, M. P. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20081386 · Cited by 8,207
Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Neal, B., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K. W., de Zeeuw, D., Fulcher, G., Erondu, N., Shaw, W., Law, G., Desai, M., & Matthews, D. R. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1611925 · Cited by 7,830
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629
General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study
D’Agostino, R. B., Vasan, R. S., Pencina, M. J., Wolf, P. A., Cobain, M., Massaro, J. M., & Kannel, W. B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699579 · Cited by 7,491
Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Charlton, M., Cusi, K., Rinella, M., Harrison, S. A., Brunt, E. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29367 · Cited by 7,239
Research works printed but not linked: 41
- Organization, 2014, Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data: Overweight and Obesity
- Madrigal pharmaceuticals initiates phase 3, multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of MGL-3196 (resmetirom) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis to resolve NASH and reduce progression to cirrhosis a [press release]. Madrigal Pharmecueticals .2019, March 28. http://www.madrigalpharma.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Madrigal-Pharmaceuticals-Initiates-Phase-3-NASH-Study.FINAL_.20190328.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2019.
- Investigation of Efficacy and Safety of Three Dose Levels of Subcutaneous Semaglutide Once Daily Versus Placebo in Subjects With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, NCT02970942
- A Study of Multiple Doses of HM15211 in Obese Subjects With NAFLD and in Subjects With NASH, NCT03744182
- Effect of LIK066 on Reduction of Fatty Content in Livers of Obese Patients, NCT03205150
- Study of Safety and Efficacy of Tropifexor (LJN452) in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (FLIGHT-FXR), NCT02855164
- Phase 2b Study in NASH to Assess IVA337 (NATIVE), NCT03008070
- Study of SGM-1019 in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT03676231
- A Phase ll study of IMM-124E for Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis, NCT02316717
- Open-Label Study to Evaluate MN-001 on HDL and triglyceride in NASH & NAFLD Subjects, NCT02681055
- Safety and Efficacy Study of Orally Administered DS102 in Healthy Subjects, NCT02673593
- Safety and Efficacy Study of Orally Administered DS102 in Patients With NAFLD, NCT02941549
- Different Doses of BI 1467335 Compared to Placebo in Patients With Clinical Evidence of NASH, NCT03166735
- A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of MSDC 0602K in Patients With NASH (EMMINENCE), NCT02784444
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (FMT-NASH), NCT03803540
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis(NASH): A Pilot Study, NCT02469272
- Fecal Microbiota Therapy Versus Standard Therapy in Decompensated NASH Related Cirrhosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial, NCT02868164
- A Study of Pemafibrate in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), NCT03350165
- Effect of Dulaglutide on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NCT03590626
- Researching an Effect of GLP-1 Agonist on Liver STeatosis (REALIST), NCT03648554
- Randomized Global Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Impact on NASH With Fibrosis of Obeticholic Acid Treatment (REGENERATE) Title, NCT02548351
- Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Obeticholic Acid in Subjects With Compensated Cirrhosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (REVERSE), NCT03439254
- Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of GS-9674 in Participants With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT02854605
- Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elafibranor Versus Placebo in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (RESOLVE-IT), NCT02704403
- Saroglitazar Magnesium in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and/or Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (EVIDENCES IV), NCT03061721
- AURORA: Phase 3 Study for the Efficacy and Safety of CVC for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis in Adults With NASH, NCT03028740
- Study of NGM282 in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT02443116
- An Investigational Study to Evaluate Experimental Medication BMS-986036 in Participants With Different Levels of Kidney Function, NCT03674476
- A Sub-study of BMS-986036 in Subjects With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT03400163
- A Study of Experimental Medication BMS-986036 Given to Healthy Participants, NCT03445208
- A Study of BMS-986036 in Subjects With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT02413372
- A Study to Evaluate BMS-986036 in Obese Adults With Type-2 Diabetes, NCT02097277
- A Study to Test the Effects of BMS-986036 on the Body in Healthy Japanese and Non-Japanese Subjects, NCT03198182
- A Study of Experimental Medication BMS-986036 in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Stage 3 Liver Fibrosis (FALCON 1), NCT03486899
- A Study of Experimental Medication BMS-986036 in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Liver Cirrhosis, NCT03486912
- Phase 2 Study of MGL-3196 in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), NCT02912260
- Emricasan, a Caspase Inhibitor, for Evaluation in Subjects With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Fibrosis (ENCORE-NF), NCT02686762
- Ratziu, 2018, One-year results of the global phase 2b randomized placebocontrolled ARREST trial of aramchol, a stearoyl CoA desaturase modulator in NASH patients, Hepatology., 68
- Transplantation of Microbes for Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome & NAFLD (FMT), NCT02496390
- Fecal Microbiota Therapy Versus Standard Therapy in NASH Related Cirrhosis, NCT02721264
- A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of CF102 in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NCT02927314
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–228 of 228
Esmail, E. A., Elnadry, M., Hegazy, M. M., Abdelhalim, M. M., & Barbari, M. H. (2023) · Al-Azhar International Medical Journal /Al-Azhar International Medical Journal · doi:10.58675/2682-339x.1874
Kruszewski, A., Dąbrowska, A., Przybysz, P., Kucharska, M., Szyszka, M., Paduszyńska, N., & Błaszczak, K. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.17.53023
向, 美. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.14112869
Yakut, A. (2024) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20241013
Staufer, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68436-8_14
Potent Fluorescent Probe for Target‐Engagement Studies of Allosteric Pyruvate Kinase Modulators
Nilsson, O., Valaka, A. P., Håversen, L., Bogucka, A., Köteles, I., Brear, P., Rutberg, M., Gunnarsson, A., Hyvönen, M., & Grøtli, M. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202513969
Potent Fluorescent Probe for Target‐Engagement Studies of Allosteric Pyruvate Kinase Modulators
Nilsson, O., Valaka, A. P., Håversen, L., Bogucka, A., Köteles, I., Brear, P., Rutberg, M., Gunnarsson, A., Hyvönen, M., & Grøtli, M. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202513969
Li, G., He, T., Geng, M., Hong, S., & Qi, F. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046005
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521104
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521095
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521101
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521107
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521113
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521092
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521098
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521089
Ferro, Y., Pujia, R., Mazza, E., Lascala, L., Lodari, O., Maurotti, S., Pujia, A., & Montalcini, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521110
Associations of lipids with diseases in large cohort studies and randomized trials
Kaur, R. P., & Palagati, K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19116-9.00040-3
Rabey, H. A. E., Balgoon, M. J., Alsieni, M., Alalawy, A. I., Soliman, M. Y., Hoseeny, M. M. E., Rezk, S. M., & Bakry, N. (2026) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.1515/biol-2025-1255
Deepika, P., & Anand, L. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applied Network Technologies (ICMLANT) · doi:10.1109/icmlant68509.2025.11394743
Supervía, M., de Murieta, E. S., Figueroa, J., Arroyo-Riaño, M. O., de Munain, M. L. L., de Miguel, C., Laxe, S., Marco, E., & Morata, A. B. (2026) · Rehabilitación · doi:10.1016/j.rh.2026.100968
CD300e modulates metabolic programs in adipose tissue macrophages during obesity
Coletta, S., Pizzini, S., Vassallo, S., Trevellin, E., Barizza, A., Giacometti, S., Sales, G., Laffranchi, M., Prete, A. D., Murgia, M., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08974-w
Mostafai, R., Nachvak, S. M., Saber, A., Mahaki, B., Jalilian, N., Behbood, L., Salehi, M. G., Heidarpour, B., & Hassankiadeh, R. F. (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05249-x
ASK1 ‐Induced FGF21 Synthesis in the Liver Prevents Obesity in Mice
Goergen, A., Challa, T. D., Villaroel‐Vicente, C., Borsigova, M., van Krieken, P. P., Wolfrum, C., Blüher, M., Wueest, S., & Konrad, D. (2026) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.70261
Dempster, N. J., Gade, F. S., Daly, C., Mbasu, R. J., Chen, L., Dong, J., Gangitano, E., Sgromo, B., Gillies, R. S., White, S. J., et al. (2026) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156793
Guo, T., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Shen, C., & Jiang, Q. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.26364867
Liu, Z., & 韦所苏 (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1942008
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pregnancy
Eryomina, E. Y. (2026) · Medical alphabet · doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2026-16-13-21
Metadata
- Authors
- Marjot, T., Moolla, A., Cobbold, J. F., Hodson, L., & Tomlinson, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tomlinson, Jeremy W
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2019-10-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-117
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2980992948
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 545
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation (FS/15/56/31645, FS/11/18/28633)
- Department of Health and Social Care
- University of Oxford
- Novo Nordisk
- Medical Research Council (MR/P011462/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/000PR10347)
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver inflammation, disease staging, non-invasive biomarkers, liver imaging, cardiovascular outcomes, metabolic outcomes, NAFLD therapy, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Endocrinology, Humans, Liver, Liver Cirrhosis, Prognosis, Prevalence, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
