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Cited by 339

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 490 of the 490 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Radioiodine Therapy in Benign Thyroid Diseases: Effects, Side Effects, and Factors Affecting Therapeutic Outcome

Bonnema, Steen Joop, Hegedüs, Laszlo·2012·Endocrine Reviews

Abstract

Radioiodine (131I) therapy of benign thyroid diseases was introduced 70 yr ago, and the patients treated since then are probably numbered in the millions. Fifty to 90% of hyperthyroid patients are cured within 1 yr after 131I therapy. With longer follow-up, permanent hypothyroidism seems inevitable in Graves' disease, whereas this risk is much lower when treating toxic nodular goiter. The side effect causing most concern is the potential induction of ophthalmopathy in predisposed individuals. The response to 131I therapy is to some extent related to the radiation dose. However, calculation of an exact thyroid dose is error-prone due to imprecise measurement of the 131I biokinetics, and the importance of internal dosimetric factors, such as the thyroid follicle size, is probably underestimated. Besides these obstacles, several potential confounders interfere with the efficacy of 131I therapy, and they may even interact mutually and counteract each other. Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of 131I therapy, but results have been conflicting due to differences in design, sample size, patient selection, and dose calculation. It seems clear that no single factor reliably predicts the outcome from 131I therapy. The individual radiosensitivity, still poorly defined and impossible to quantify, may be a major determinant of the outcome from 131I therapy. Above all, the impact of 131I therapy relies on the iodine-concentrating ability of the thyroid gland. The thyroid 131I uptake (or retention) can be stimulated in several ways, including dietary iodine restriction and use of lithium. In particular, recombinant human thyrotropin has gained interest because this compound significantly amplifies the effect of 131I therapy in patients with nontoxic nodular goiter.

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Metadata

Authors
Bonnema, S. J., & Hegedüs, L.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Published
2012-09-07
Volume
33
Issue
6
Pages
920-980
ISSN
  • 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7189
OpenAlex
W2126241583
Cited by
339
References
490
FWCI
11.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Radioiodine Therapy in Benign Thyroid Diseases: Effects, Side Effects, and Factors Affecting Therapeutic Outcome. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1210/er.2012-1030
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Bonnema, S. J., & Hegedüs, L. (2012). Radioiodine Therapy in Benign Thyroid Diseases: Effects, Side Effects, and Factors Affecting Therapeutic Outcome. Endocrine Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2012-1030

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