The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Elevated Serum Level of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Relationship to the Ovarian Follicle Excess and to the Follicular Arrest
Abstract
The serum level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a product from granulosa cells involved in follicle growth, has been shown to correlate tightly with the small antral follicle number (FN) at ultrasonography (U/S) in women who do not have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Because PCOS is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in growing FN, we investigated whether an increased AMH serum level correlates to other hormonal and/or U/S features of PCOS. Serum AMH has been assayed in 104 women (59 symptomatic PCOS, 45 controls) between d 2 and 7 after the last either spontaneous or progestin-induced (in PCOS) menstrual period. Mean serum AMH level was markedly increased in the PCOS group (47.1 +/- 22.9 vs. 20.8 +/- 11.6 pmol/liter in controls; P < 0.0001), an increase in the same order of magnitude as the one of the FN in the 2- to 5-mm range at U/S (12.8 +/- 8.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.9; P < 0.0001, respectively). The ratio AMH/FN was similar between the two groups (4.8 +/- 3.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 2.9; P = 0.55). By simple regression, both in PCOS and controls, the AMH level was positively related to the 2- to 5-mm FN at U/S (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.03, respectively), but not to the 6- to 9-mm FN, and was negatively correlated to the serum FSH level (P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). AMH was also positively related to the serum testosterone and androstenedione levels, in PCOS exclusively (P < 0.0005 and <0.002, respectively). No relationship was found between AMH and age, serum estradiol, inhibin B, and LH levels in both groups. After multiple regression only the 2- to 5-mm FN remained significantly related to AMH in PCOS whereas testosterone, androstenedione, and FSH were no longer. In conclusion, the assay of the serum AMH may represent an important breakthrough in the diagnosis and in the understanding of PCOS. Our data suggest that the increase of AMH serum level in PCOS is the consequence of the androgen-induced excess in small antral FN and that each follicle produces a normal amount of AMH. We hypothesize that an increased AMH tone within the cohort could be involved in the follicular arrest of PCOS, by interacting negatively with FSH at the time of selection.
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“AMH concentrations reflect ovarian reserve and are correlated with the number of growing follicles [149].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
Citations
Cites
Franks, S. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509283331307 · Cited by 2,463
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve.
van Rooij, I., Broekmans, F., Velde, E. T., Fauser, B. C., Bancsi, L., de Jong, F. D., & Themmen, A. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.12.3065 · Cited by 1,021
Antimüllerian hormone serum levels: a putative marker for ovarian aging
de Vet, A., Laven, J. S. E., de Jong, F. H., Themmen, A. P. N., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02993-4 · Cited by 886
Anti-Mullerian Hormone Inhibits Initiation of Primordial Follicle Growth in the Mouse Ovary
Durlinger, A. L. L., Gruijters, M. J. G., Kramer, P., Karels, B., Ingraham, H. A., Nachtigal, M. W., Uilenbroek, J. T. J., Grootegoed, J. A., & Themmen, A. P. N. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.3.8691 · Cited by 842
Anti-Mullerian Hormone Attenuates the Effects of FSH on Follicle Development in the Mouse Ovary
Durlinger, A. L. L., Gruijters, M. J. G., Kramer, P., Karels, B., Kumar, T. R., Matzuk, M. M., Rose, U. M., de Jong, F. H., Uilenbroek, J. T. J., Grootegoed, J. A., et al. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.11.8486 · Cited by 772
Regulation of ovarian function: the role of anti-Mullerian hormone
Durlinger, A. L. L., Visser, J. A., & Themmen, A. P. N. (2002) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep.0.1240601 · Cited by 766
Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary
Vendola, K. A., Zhou, J., Adesanya, O. O., Weil, S. J., & Bondy, C. A. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci2081 · Cited by 712
Fanchin, R., Schonauer, L. M., Righini, C., Guibourdenche, J., Frydman, R., & Taieb, J. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg042 · Cited by 649
Estrogens inhibit and androgens enhance ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis.
Billig, H., Furuta, I., & Hsueh, A. J. W. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.5.8404672 · Cited by 556
Seifer, D. B., MacLaughlin, D. T., Christian, B. P., Feng, B., & Shelden, R. M. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03201-0 · Cited by 494
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Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034 · Cited by 1,947
Legro, R. S., Arslanian, S. A., Ehrmann, D. A., Hoeger, K. M., Murad, M. H., Pasquali, R., & Welt, C. K. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2350 · Cited by 1,919
The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Müllerian hormone in women
Dewailly, D., Andersen, C. Y., Balen, A. H., Broekmans, F. J., Dilaver, N., Fanchin, R. R. F., Griesinger, G., Kelsey, T., Marca, A. L., Lambalk, C. B., et al. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt062 · Cited by 1,056
Dumesic, D. A., Oberfield, S. E., Stener-Victorin, E., Marshall, J. C., Laven, J. S., & Legro, R. S. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1018 · Cited by 1,020
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Marca, A. L., Sighinolfi, G., Radi, D., Argento, C., Baraldi, E., Artenisio, A. C., Stabile, G., & Volpe, A. (2009) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp036 · Cited by 955
Metadata
- Authors
- Pigny, P., Merlen, E., Robert, Y., Cortet-Rudelli, C., Decanter, C., Jonard, S., & Dewailly, D.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (P.P.), 59037 Lille, France;
- Clinique Marc Linquette; Departments of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine (E.M., C.D., S.J., D.D.), 59037 Lille, France;
- Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre (FR)
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology (C.C.-R.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
- Corresponding author
- Dewailly, Didier
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5957-5962
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2153731002
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 10.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- anti-Müllerian hormone, polycystic ovary syndrome, antral follicle count, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, androstenedione, granulosa cells, ovarian reserve, folliculogenesis, ovarian ultrasonography, inhibin B, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, progestins
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Glycoproteins, Ovarian Follicle, Hormones, Humans, Immunoassay, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Testicular Hormones, Ultrasonography, Case-Control Studies, Anti-Mullerian Hormone
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