The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-Term Testosterone Gel (AndroGel) Treatment Maintains Beneficial Effects on Sexual Function and Mood, Lean and Fat Mass, and Bone Mineral Density in Hypogonadal Men
Abstract
Transdermal testosterone (T) delivery represents an effective alternative to injectable androgens. We studied 163 hypogonadal men who applied 5, 7.5, or 10 g AndroGel (T gel) 1% CIII per day for up to 42 months. Efficacy data were presented in 123 subjects considered evaluable. Continuous AndroGel treatment normalized mean serum T and free T levels. Mean serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone/T ratio slightly increased, mean serum estradiol/T ratio doubled, and mean serum FSH and LH levels were suppressed by T replacement. Sexual function and mood parameters improved rapidly and were maintained throughout T treatment. Lean body mass increased (P = 0.0001) and fat mass decreased (P = 0.0001), and these changes were maintained with treatment but were not accompanied by significant increases in muscle strength. Increases in serum bone markers suggestive of increased bone formation were followed by gradual and progressive increases in bone mineral density more in the spine (P = 0.0001) than the hip (P = 0.0004). Mild local skin irritation occurred in 12 subjects, resulting in discontinuation in only one subject. Except for the anticipated increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin, there were no clinically significant changes in blood counts or biochemistry. In three subjects with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate biopsies showed cancer. We conclude that continued application of AndroGel resulted in beneficial effects similar to those with injectables and other transdermal preparations. This study was neither placebo controlled nor powered to determine the effects of T treatment on prostate cancer risk. Thus, monitoring for prostatic disease and assessment for erythrocytosis are strongly advised to reduce the risk of adverse events with T treatment of hypogonadal men.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Treatment increases BMD (132-135) and improves trabecular structure (136) and bone mechanical properties (137).”
From Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2016) · cites this paper as [137]
In the citing paper
“Prostate-specific antigen and volume rise, marginally, plateauing at 12 months; further increase should be related to aging rather than therapy.”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [87]
In the citing paper
“In a study of 123 subjects over 42 months of testosterone gel application, there was significant increase in serum PSA over the first 6 months and then no further significant increases with continued testosterone treatment was found (87).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [87]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Influence of Finasteride on the Development of Prostate Cancer
Thompson, I. M., Goodman, P. J., Tangen, C. M., Lucia, M. S., Miller, G. J., Ford, L. G., Lieber, M. M., Cespedes, R. D., Atkins, J. N., Lippman, S. M., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030660 · Cited by 2,588
Estrogen Resistance Caused by a Mutation in the Estrogen-Receptor Gene in a Man
Smith, E. P., Boyd, J., Frank, G. R., Takahashi, H., Cohen, R. M., Specker, B., Williams, T. C., Lubahn, D. B., & Korach, K. S. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410203311604 · Cited by 2,471
The Influence of Finasteride on the Development of Prostate Cancer
Sathianathen, N. J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190655341.003.0002 · Cited by 2,082
Morishima, A., Grumbach, M. M., Simpson, E. R., Fisher, C., & Qin, K. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530621 · Cited by 1,416
Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency
Carani, C., Qin, K., Simoni, M., Faustini-Fustini, M., Serpente, S., Boyd, J., Korach, K. S., & Simpson, E. R. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199707103370204 · Cited by 1,151
Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Casaburi, R., Singh, A. B., Bhasin, D., Berman, N., Chen, X., Yarasheski, K. E., Magliano, L., Dzekov, C., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1172 · Cited by 967
Self-citationKatznelson, L., Finkelstein, J. S., Schoenfeld, D. A., Rosenthal, D. I., Anderson, E. J., & Klibanski, A. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954042 · Cited by 791
Effects of Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men1
Snyder, P. J., Peachey, H., Berlin, J. A., Hannoush, P., Haddad, G., Dlewati, A., Santanna, J., Loh, L., Lenrow, D. A., Holmes, J. H., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.8.6731 · Cited by 610
Self-citationTestosterone Replacement Increases Fat-Free Mass and Muscle Size in Hypogonadal Men
Bhasin, S., Storer, T. W., Berman, N., Yarasheski, K. E., Clevenger, B., Phillips, J., Lee, W. P., Bunnell, T. J., & Casaburi, R. H. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.2.3733 · Cited by 596
Long-term effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in hypogonadal men
Behre, H. M., Kliesch, S., Leifke, E., Link, T. M., & Nieschlag, E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4163 · Cited by 559
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bhasin, S., Cunningham, G. R., Hayes, F. J., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., Swerdloff, R. S., & Montori, V. M. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2354 · Cited by 1,954
Self-citationBhasin, S., Cunningham, G. R., Hayes, F. J., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., Swerdloff, R. S., & Montori, V. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2847 · Cited by 965
Self-citationHormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Fleseriu, M., Hashim, I. A., Karavitaki, N., Melmed, S., Murad, M. H., Salvatori, R., & Samuels, M. H. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2118 · Cited by 945
Boehm, U., Bouloux, P.-M., Dattani, M. T., de Roux, N., Dodé, C., Dunkel, L., Dwyer, A. A., Giacobini, P., Hardelin, J.-P., Juul, A., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.112 · Cited by 874
Isidori, A. M., Giannetta, E., Greco, E. A., Gianfrilli, D., Bonifacio, V., Isidori, A., Lenzi, A., & Fabbri, A. (2005) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02339.x · Cited by 695
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, C., Cunningham, G., Dobs, A., Iranmanesh, A., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., Weber, T., Berman, N., Hull, L., & Swerdloff, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Pennsylvania Health System (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Christina
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2085-2098
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2001118572
- Semantic Scholar
- 2114ced4c5aa202f6d1a0eee503c76ffef92a68a
- Cited by
- 656
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 32.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- University of Pennsylvania
- Johns Hopkins University
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institutes of Health (RR00425)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000030, M01RR000425)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- testosterone replacement therapy, transdermal testosterone, hypogonadism, sexual function, mood, lean body mass, fat mass, bone mineral density, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, gonadotropin suppression, erythrocytosis, prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer risk, long-term treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Androgens, Body Composition, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Estradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gels, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins, Humans, Hypogonadism, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Sexual Behavior, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Ultrasonography, Biomarkers, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling, Prostate-Specific Antigen
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
