Energy Expenditure and Adaptive Responses to an Acute Hypercaloric Fat Load in Humans with Lipodystrophy
Abstract
Humans respond to an acute excess of ingested energy by storing the surplus energy as triglyceride in white adipose tissue. To study the energetic response to acute overfeeding in human subjects with limited adipose tissue capacity, we recruited seven subjects with lipodystrophy and seven lean healthy controls. Total fat mass was approximately 70% lower in lipodystrophic subjects (mean, 6.1 kg) than in body mass index-matched lean controls (mean, 22.0 kg). Energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation rates were assessed in chamber calorimeters on two separate occasions for 40 h, during which time subjects consumed either an energy-balanced diet or a diet incorporating 30% excess energy as fat. On the energy-balanced diet, total daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate were linearly associated with lean mass in both groups (r(2) = 0.83) and were not significantly different between groups when corrected for lean mass. In response to the fat challenge, total energy expenditure did not increase significantly in healthy controls (9,472 +/- 1,069 to 9,724 +/- 1,114 kJ/d; P = 0.189). Substrate oxidation results confirm that excess fat was predominantly stored. In contrast, lipodystrophic subjects significantly increased total daily energy expenditure (11,081 +/- 1,226 to 11,730 +/- 1,374 kJ/d; P < 0.005). This was largely attributable to a 29% increase in fat oxidation. Thus, subjects with lipodystrophy uniquely respond to an acute hypercaloric load with a higher energy expenditure increment and by increasing fat oxidation. Insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon may yield novel therapeutic approaches for obesity.
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Patients with lipodystrophy have similar fat oxidation to control individuals when fed a eucaloric, mixed diet.
“For instance, patients with lipodystrophy (partial or total absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue) have similar fat oxidation than control individuals when fed a eucaloric, mixed diet ([51](#r51)).”
From Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance (2008) · cites this paper as [51]
In response to excess energy as fat, lipodystrophic subjects have higher fat oxidation compared with control individuals.
“However, in response to excess energy as fat, lipodystrophic subjects have higher fat oxidation compared with control individuals ([51](#r51)).”
From Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance (2008) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Savage, D. B., Murgatroyd, P. R., Chatterjee, V. K., & O’Rahilly, S.
- Affiliations
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- O’Rahilly, Stephen
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1446-1452
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2045152064
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- lipodystrophy, energy expenditure, overfeeding, fat oxidation, basal metabolic rate, lean body mass, substrate oxidation, triglyceride storage, white adipose tissue, obesity treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Female, Genotype, Humans, Lipodystrophy, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenotype, Body Mass Index
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