The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Serum Estrogen, But Not Testosterone, Levels Differ between Black and White Men in a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans
Abstract
Context: Higher testosterone in black compared with white men has been postulated to explain their higher prostate cancer incidence. Previous studies comparing hormone levels by race might have been limited by size, restricted age variation, or lack of representation of the general population. Objective: Our objective was to compare serum testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG concentrations among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American men. Participants, Design, and Setting: A total of 1413 men aged 20+ yr and who attended the morning examination session of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in 1988–1991 were included in this cross-sectional study. Measurement: Serum hormone concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: After applying sampling weights and adjusting for age, percent body fat, alcohol, smoking, and activity, testosterone concentrations were not different between non-Hispanic blacks (n = 363; geometric mean, 5.29 ng/ml) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 674; 5.11 ng/ml; P > 0.05) but were higher in Mexican-Americans (n = 376; 5.48 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Non-Hispanic blacks (40.80 pg/ml) had a higher estradiol concentration than non-Hispanic whites (35.46 pg/ml; P < 0.01) and Mexican-Americans (34.11 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Non-Hispanic blacks (36.49 nmol/liter) had a higher SHBG concentration than non-Hispanic whites (34.91 nmol/liter; P < 0.05) and Mexican-Americans (35.04 nmol/liter; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Contrary to the postulated racial difference, testosterone concentrations did not differ notably between black and white men. However, blacks had higher estradiol levels. Mexican-Americans had higher testosterone than whites but similar estradiol and SHBG concentrations. Given these findings, it may be equally if not more important to investigate estradiol as testosterone in relation to diseases with racial disparity.
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In the citing paper
“Age [13, 14] and race [13–15] are well-established, but non-modifiable, predictors of sex steroid hormone concentrations in men.”
From Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with sex steroid hormone levels in US men (2009) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Adiposity is a well-known modifiable predictor of sex steroid hormones in men [14, 16–20]”
From Association of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity with sex steroid hormone levels in US men (2009) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to smoking, moderate alcohol use has not been associated with altered T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Contradictory data are available on the effect of smoking on T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Both fT and TT are equally associated with BMI, ED, and decreased libido.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
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Additional file 2 of Prostate cancers with distinct transcriptional programs in Black and White men
Kim, M., Tamukong, P. K., Galván, G. C., Yang, Q., De Hoedt, A., Freeman, M. R., You, S., & Freedland, S. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26361073
Additional file 1 of Prostate cancers with distinct transcriptional programs in Black and White men
Kim, M., Tamukong, P. K., Galván, G. C., Yang, Q., De Hoedt, A., Freeman, M. R., You, S., & Freedland, S. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26360833
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rohrmann, S., Nelson, W. G., Rifai, N., Brown, T. R., Dobs, A., Kanarek, N., Yager, J. D., & Platz, E. A.
- Affiliations
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Platz, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2007-07-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2519-2525
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2121555105
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- serum testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, racial differences, Black men, white men, Mexican American men, prostate cancer risk, sex hormones, NHANES III
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Estrogens, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Risk Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, United States, Mexican Americans, Age Distribution, Black People, White People
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