Serum androgen levels in black, Hispanic, and white men
Abstract
CONTEXT: Racial/ethnic differences in androgen levels could account for differences in prostate cancer risk, body composition, and bone loss. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate racial/ethnic variations in testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), SHBG, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels. DESIGN: The Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey was a multistage stratified cluster random sample, recruiting from 2002 to 2005. SETTING: The study was a community-based sample of Boston. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included black, Hispanic, or white individuals, aged 30-79 yr, competent to sign informed consent and literate in English/Spanish. Of 2301 men recruited, 1899 provided blood samples (538 black, 651 Hispanic, 710 white). INTERVENTION: Intervention consisted of data obtained during in-person at-home interview, conducted by a bilingual phlebotomist/interviewer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, DHT, DHT to testosterone ratio, SHBG, and DHEAS were measured. RESULTS: With or without adjustment for covariates, there were no significant differences in testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, or SHBG levels by race/ethnicity. DHEAS levels differed by race/ethnicity before covariate adjustment; after adjustment this difference was attenuated. Before adjustment, DHT and DHT to testosterone ratios did not significantly differ by racial/ethnic group. After adjustment, there was evidence of racial/ethnic differences in DHT (P = 0.047) and DHT to testosterone (P = 0.038) levels. Black men had higher DHT levels and DHT to testosterone ratios than white and Hispanic men. CONCLUSIONS: Because there are no racial/ethnic differences in testosterone levels, normative ranges need not be adjusted by race/ethnicity for androgen deficiency diagnosis for men aged 30-79 yr. Further investigation is needed to determine whether differences in DHT levels and DHT to testosterone ratio can help explain racial/ethnic variations in prostate cancer incidence, body composition, and bone mass.
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Data on the effect of smoking on testosterone levels are contradictory.
“Contradictory data are available on the effect of smoking on T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [77]
Moderate alcohol use has not been associated with altered testosterone levels.
“In contrast to smoking, moderate alcohol use has not been associated with altered T levels.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Litman, H. J., Bhasin, S., Link, C. L., Araujo, A. B., & McKinlay, J. B.
- Affiliations
- New England Research Institutes (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Litman, Heather J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4326-4334
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2081879786
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG020727)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK56842, U01DK056842)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- serum androgens, racial and ethnic differences, testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androgen deficiency, men, Black men, Hispanic men, white men, prostate cancer risk, body composition, bone mass
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Androgens, Black or African American, Boston, Data Collection, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Age Distribution, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, White People
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